vector::front e vector::back

Ilustra como usar o vector::front e vector::back funções de biblioteca STL (Standard Template) no Visual C++.

template<class _TYPE, class _A>
   reference vector::front( );
template<class _TYPE, class _A>
   reference vector::back( );

Comentários

Observação
Nomes de classe/parâmetro o protótipo não coincidem com a versão no arquivo de cabeçalho.Alguns foram modificados para melhorar a legibilidade.

O exemplo declara um vetor de inteiros com os membros [100, 200, 300, 400] de vazio.Ele exibe o primeiro elemento do vetor usando vector::front para obtê-lo.Ele exibe o último elemento do vetor usando vector::back para obtê-lo.Ele exibe o número de elementos do vetor usando vector::size.O exemplo apaga o último elemento do vetor usando vector::end – 1 e, em seguida, exibe o novo último elemento usando vector::back.Ele apaga o primeiro elemento do vetor usando vector::begine, em seguida, exibe o primeiro elemento novo usando vector::front.Finalmente, o exemplo exibe o número de elementos restantes no vetor usando vector::size.

Exemplo

// frontback.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
//
// Illustrates the vector::front and vector::back methods.
//
// Functions:
//
// vector::front - Returns reference to first element of vector.
//
// vector::back - Returns reference to last element of vector.
//
// vector::push_back - Appends (inserts) an element to the end of a
//                        vector, allocating memory for it if necessary.
//
// vector::size - Returns number of elements in the vector.
//
// vector::begin - Returns an iterator to start traversal of the vector.
//
// vector::end - Returns an iterator for the last element of the vector.
//
// vector::erase - Deletes elements from a vector (single & range).
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// The debugger can't handle symbols more than 255 characters long.
// STL often creates symbols longer than that.
// When symbols are longer than 255 characters, the warning is issued.
#pragma warning(disable:4786)

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std ;

typedef vector<int> INTVECTOR;

const int ARRAY_SIZE = 4;

int main()
{
    // Dynamically allocated vector begins with 0 elements.
    INTVECTOR theVector;

    // Intialize the array to contain the members [100, 200, 300, 400]
    for (int cEachItem = 0; cEachItem < ARRAY_SIZE; cEachItem++)
        theVector.push_back((cEachItem + 1) * 100);

    cout << "First element: " << theVector.front() << endl;
    cout << "Last element: " << theVector.back() << endl;
    cout << "Elements in vector: " << theVector.size() << endl;

    // Delete the last element of the vector. Remember that the vector
    // is 0-based, so theVector.end() actually points 1 element beyond
    // the end.
    theVector.erase(theVector.end() - 1);

    cout << endl << "After erasing last element, new last element is: "
         << theVector.back() << endl;

    // Delete the first element of the vector.
    theVector.erase(theVector.begin());

    cout << "After erasing first element, new first element is: "
         << theVector.front() << endl;

    cout << "Elements in vector: " << theVector.size() << endl;
}

Saída

First element: 100
Last element: 400
Elements in vector: 4

After erasing last element, new last element is: 300
After erasing first element, new first element is: 200
Elements in vector: 2

Requisitos

Cabeçalho: <vector>

Consulte também

Conceitos

Exemplos de biblioteca de modelo padrão