Visual Basic for Applications Reference
Declare Statement
Used at module level to declare references to external procedures in a dynamic-link library (DLL).
Syntax 1
[Public | Private] DeclareSubnameLib"libname" [Alias"aliasname"] [([arglist])]
Syntax 2
[Public | Private] DeclareFunctionnameLib"libname" [Alias"aliasname"] [([arglist])] [Astype]
The Declare statement syntax has these parts:
| Part | Description |
| Public | Optional. Used to declare procedures that are available to all other procedures in all modules. |
| Private | Optional. Used to declare procedures that are available only within the module where the declaration is made. |
| Sub | Optional (either Sub or Function must appear). Indicates that the procedure doesn't return a value. |
| Function | Optional (either Sub or Function must appear). Indicates that the procedure returns a value that can be used in an expression. |
| name | Required. Any valid procedure name. Note that DLL entry points are case sensitive. |
| Lib | Required. Indicates that a DLL or code resource contains the procedure being declared. The Lib clause is required for all declarations. |
| libname | Required. Name of the DLL or code resource that contains the declared procedure. |
| Alias | Optional. Indicates that the procedure being called has another name in the DLL. This is useful when the external procedure name is the same as a keyword. You can also use Alias when a DLL procedure has the same name as a public variable, constant, or any other procedure in the same scope. Alias is also useful if any characters in the DLL procedure name aren't allowed by the DLL naming convention. |
| aliasname | Optional. Name of the procedure in the DLL or code resource. If the first character is not a number sign (#), aliasname is the name of the procedure's entry point in the DLL. If (#) is the first character, all characters that follow must indicate the ordinal number of the procedure's entry point. |
| arglist | Optional. List of variables representing arguments that are passed to the procedure when it is called. |
| type | Optional. Data type of the value returned by a Function procedure; may be Byte, Boolean, Integer, Long, Currency, Single, Double, Decimal(not currently supported), Date, String (variable length only), or Variant, a user-defined type, or an object type. |
The arglist argument has the following syntax and parts:
[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[( )] [Astype]
| Part | Description |
| Optional | Optional. Indicates that an argument is not required. If used, all subsequent arguments in arglist must also be optional and declared using the Optional keyword. Optional can't be used for any argument if ParamArray is used. |
| ByVal | Optional. Indicates that the argument is passed by value. |
| ByRef | Indicates that the argument is passed by reference. ByRef is the default in Visual Basic. |
| ParamArray | Optional. Used only as the last argument in arglist to indicate that the final argument is an Optionalarray of Variant elements. The ParamArray keyword allows you to provide an arbitrary number of arguments. The ParamArray keyword can't be used with ByVal, ByRef, or Optional. |
| varname | Required. Name of the variable representing the argument being passed to the procedure; follows standard variable naming conventions. |
| ( ) | Required for array variables. Indicates that varname is an array. |
| type | Optional. Data type of the argument passed to the procedure; may be Byte, Boolean, Integer, Long, Currency, Single, Double, Decimal (not currently supported), Date, String (variable length only), Object, Variant, a user-defined type, or an object type. |
Remarks
For Function procedures, the data type of the procedure determines the data type it returns. You can use an As clause following arglist to specify the return type of the function. Within arglist, you can use an As clause to specify the data type of any of the arguments passed to the procedure. In addition to specifying any of the standard data types, you can specify As Any in arglist to inhibit type checking and allow any data type to be passed to the procedure.
Empty parentheses indicate that the Sub or Function procedure has no arguments and that Visual Basic should ensure that none are passed. In the following example, First takes no arguments. If you use arguments in a call to First, an error occurs:
Declare Sub First Lib "MyLib" ()
If you include an argument list, the number and type of arguments are checked each time the procedure is called. In the following example, First takes one Long argument:
Declare Sub First Lib "MyLib" (X As Long)
Note You can't have fixed-length strings in the argument list of a Declare statement; only variable-length strings can be passed to procedures. Fixed-length strings can appear as procedure arguments, but they are converted to variable-length strings before being passed.
Note The vbNullString constant is used when calling external procedures, where the external procedure requires a string whose value is zero. This is not the same thing as a zero-length string ("").