Microsoft Dynamics AX glossary

Artigo
08/25/2014

Important

This content is archived and is not being updated. For the latest documentation, see Microsoft Dynamics 365 product documentation. For the latest release plans, see Dynamics 365 and Microsoft Power Platform release plans.

Numbers and symbols

Term	Definition
3PL	A party that provides logistics services to customers. See also party service
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3PL

A party that provides logistics services to customers.

See also

party

service

A

ABC classification	A system for ranking discrete categories of items according to Pareto's 80/20 principle that states that a small percentage of items account for the largest fraction of significance. See also ABC code ABC code for carrying cost classification ABC code for contribution margin ABC code for revenue item
ABC code	A classifier that names categories in an ABC classification. See also ABC classification ABC code for carrying cost classification ABC code for contribution margin ABC code for revenue
ABC code for carrying cost classification	A classifier that names categories in an ABC classification that ranks discrete categories of items according to their carrying cost. See also ABC classification ABC code ABC code for contribution margin ABC code for revenue item
ABC code for contribution margin	A classifier that names categories in an ABC classification that ranks discrete categories of items according to their contribution margin. See also ABC classification ABC code ABC code for carrying cost classification ABC code for revenue
ABC code for revenue	A classifier that names categories in an ABC classification that ranks discrete categories of items according to their revenue. See also ABC classification ABC code ABC code for carrying cost classification ABC code for contribution margin
abend	The premature ending of a program because of a program error or system failure.
account	A chronological record that describes the changes in value classified as assets, liabilities, expenses, and revenue. See also asset expense liability revenue
account balance	The difference between the sum of debit entries and the sum of credit entries entered into an account during a financial period. See also account balance
account entry	A record of the increase or decrease in economic value classified by a ledger account. See also ledger account record
account reconciliation	The practice of reconciling accounts. See also account reconcile
account rule	A rule in an accounting system that controls the valid financial dimension value combinations when the requirements of the financial dimension structure condition are met. See also financial dimension financial dimension value rule
account structure	A configuration of the main account financial dimension and other financial dimensions. See also financial dimension main account
accounting	The practice of recording, classifying, summarizing, and reporting the financial consequences of accounting events. See also accounting cycle conversion cycle expenditure cycle human capital management cycle revenue cycle
accounting category	A classifier used to group journal account entries according to their economic characteristics. See also account entry accounting journal entry
accounting currency	The customary monetary unit of measure that is used to record the monetary value of economic resources in ledger accounts. See also currency ledger account record transaction unit of measure
accounting currency unit	A currency unit used to quantify the financial consequences of accounting events. See also base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
accounting cycle	A recurring set of documenting, journalizing, balancing, and statement preparation activities performed by parties that report on and analyze the financial position and performance of accounting entities. See also conversion cycle expenditure cycle human capital management cycle revenue cycle
accounting distribution	A distribution of the financial consequence of an economic transaction to ledger accounts. See also accounting ledger account transaction
accounting distribution line	The subline of a source document line documenting the financial consequence of an economic transaction that documents the distribution of an aliquot portion of the financial consequence to a ledger account. See also accounting ledger account source document transaction
accounting entity	A real or conceptual economic unit that uses ledger accounts to record and report on its financial and management performance. See also ledger account record report
accounting event	The occurrence of an accounting action in an accounting system. See also accounting event
accounting event liquidity classification	The liquidity classification of an accounting event. See also business event liquidity classification
accounting journal	A journal that is used to record the financial consequences of accounting events in an accounting system. See also accounting business event journal record
accounting journal entry	A record of original entry in an accounting system that records a date, one or more accounts, and the monetary value to be debited or credited to each account. See also account accounting journal entry record
accounting policy	A policy that prescribes the general principles and procedures that an organization follows to prepare statements that report on its performance. See also accounting organization policy
accounting rule	A rule in an accounting system that controls the principles, methods, and procedures for classifying, recording, and reporting the financial consequences of accounting events. See also accounting business event rule
accounts payable	A subclassification of a liability account classification that describes the changes in value owed to vendors or creditors. See also account accounts receivable classification liability vendor
accounts receivable	A subclassification of an asset account classification that describes the changes in value owed by customers. See also account accounts payable asset classification
accrual accounting	An accounting method that recognizes revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when they are received or paid. See also accounting expense revenue
accrued revenue	Revenue earned in one accounting period but received in a subsequent accounting period. See also revenue
ACH	An electronic funds transfer system available in the United States that facilitates the transfer of funds between receiving party and originating party bank accounts. See also electronic funds transfer
acquisition date	The date that an asset is acquired. See also asset
action	An act that has an effect in a system.
active ingredient	An ingredient in a formula that has a specified concentration and potency.
activity	A functional work structure in which one or more persons and pieces of equipment participate and in which resources are consumed, produced, and used. An activity can be decomposed into subactivities. See also practice procedure process step task
activity log	A historic record of the state of a source document. See also source document state
activity occurrence	An instance of an activity. See also activity
actual cost	The definite cost incurred in the performance of an activity. See also activity cost
actual demand	The demand for products driven by customer orders. See also product
actual quantity	The measured quantity that is input into or output from an activity. See also activity quantity
ad hoc report	A type of report that requires users to select the data that they want to display on the report and to design the layout of the report. See also report
address book	A list of party records. See also global address book party record
address verification service	The service that is provided by a credit card processor that validates that the billing address provided by a card holder matches the information on file with the issuing bank. See also service
advance ship notice	A business document that documents the notification of the shipment of product. See also business document product
age	A time period of existence or a time period after the occurrence of an event. See also event
aggregation	A collection of shared objects.
aging	The process of classifying time periods by age. See also age
aging period	The number of days in a time period used to report an overdue customer payment balance. See also balance payment
agreement	An arrangement between two or more parties based on a mutual understanding about their respective rights and obligations. A number of requirements must be satisfied for an agreement to be legally binding. See also obligation party purchase agreement right sales agreement
agreement	A commitment between two or more parties based on a mutual understanding about their respective rights and obligations. See also commitment contract obligation right
AIF	The framework that provides a collection of features, tools, and infrastructure that uses a services programming model to support application integration.
alert	A class of notification of significance to a user. An alert message is a notification that is generated by a user-defined rule designed to notify a user of an event, condition, or status. See also event notification rule status
allocate	To assign a portion of a resource for a particular use or purpose.
allocation	An assignment of a portion of a resource for a particular use or purpose. See also monetary amount product
alternate key	A candidate key that is not designated as the primary key and is used to uniquely identify records in a database table. See also primary key record
amount	A definite magnitude of currency, a quantity of currency, or an indefinite magnitude of an uncountable substance or quality. See also quantity total
answer file	A text file that stores the information that a user provides through the Setup wizard, along with the command-line arguments for the actions performed by Setup. This file can be used later to run unattended installations with the same settings.
AOT	A navigable view of the element objects in an application model.
API	A set of routines that an application uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by a computer's operating system. These routines usually carry out maintenance tasks such as managing files and displaying information.
applicant	A person who makes a formal written or electronic request to work for or fill an open position in an organization. See also application application basket organization
application	A document that records the profile of the applicant. See also applicant application basket
application basket	A list of applications reviewed by human resource personnel. See also applicant application
Application Integration Framework	The framework that provides a collection of features, tools, and infrastructure that uses a services programming model to support application integration.
application layer	A set of application models that take precedence over application models that are in lower application layers. The lowest layer is named SYS. See also application model model
application model	Within a single application layer, a model that includes a specific set of developer elements such as classes, tables, and forms. See also application layer model
Application Object Tree	A navigable view of the element objects in an application model.
application program interface	A set of routines that an application uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by a computer's operating system. These routines usually carry out maintenance tasks such as managing files and displaying information.
appointment scheduling	The process of reserving dates and times for the pickup and delivery of truckloads of goods at specific warehouse locations.
apportionment engine	An engine that determines and processes the apportionment of freight charges, either by weight or by volume.
approve	To manually or automatically authorize the occurrence of future events in a system. See also authorize event
approved vendor	A vendor that is authorized to supply products to one or more legal entities. See also disallowed vendor legal entity product prospective vendor unsolicited vendor vendor
approximate taxes	The estimated taxes from production and supply chain that apply to an item or service.
ASN	A business document that documents the notification of the shipment of product. See also business document product
asset	An accounting classifier used to classify the value of economic resources that are owned by a party. See also economic resource equity liability party
assign	To designate an object for a particular use or purpose. See also assignment associate relate
assignment	A designation that forms an association among objects. See also aggregation assign association composition relation relationship
associate	To connect peer objects. See also assign association relate
association	A relationship between peer objects. See also aggregation associate composition relation relationship
ATP	The portion of inventory that is not allocated and which can be used to fulfill new orders and requirements. See also inventory
authorize	To sanction the future occurrence of an event in a system. See also event
Automated Clearing House	An electronic funds transfer system available in the United States that facilitates the transfer of funds between receiving party and originating party bank accounts. See also electronic funds transfer
automated task	A workflow task that is completed by an automatic operation. See also workflow
auto-report	A type of report that is automatically generated from the data that is displayed on a form. See also report
available to promise	The portion of inventory that is not allocated and which can be used to fulfill new orders and requirements. See also inventory
AVS	The service that is provided by a credit card processor that validates that the billing address provided by a card holder matches the information on file with the issuing bank. See also service
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B

back payment	A payment made by a customer for a past due obligation. See also obligation payment
backflush costing	An accounting method that flows product and production costs to cost of goods sold accounts during an accounting period and that backflushes those costs to raw material and finished goods accounts for products not sold at the close of the accounting period. See also cost of goods sold costing product
bailor	A person or an organization that transfers personal property or items, but not proprietary rights, to another person or organization for storage purposes.
balance	The amount of economic resource required to bring opposite economic resource flows to a state of equilibrium. See also economic resource state
balance sheet	A statement of the financial position of an organization that reports the state of assets, liabilities, and equity on a specified date. See also asset equity liability organization
balance sheet account	An account that describes the changes in value reported on a balance sheet. See also account balance sheet
balanced scorecard	A strategic performance management report that aligns, tracks, and measures key organization activity against objectives. See also activity organization
bank payment order	A source document that documents a request for a bank to perform an electronic funds transfer service. See also electronic funds transfer source document
bank reconciliation	A practice of reconciling a ledger account that represents a bank account by matching ledger account entries to bank statement entries. See also bank statement ledger account reconcile
bank statement	A statement that itemizes economic activity recorded in one or more accounts over a specified period of time.
base	A mathematical object that is the basis for a derivation, system, or formulation. See also mathematical equation mathematical expression mathematical formula mathematical statement
base class	A class that assumes a parent role when it participates in an inheritance relationship with another class. See also role
base currency unit	The computed currency unit in an exchange rate calculation. See also accounting currency unit base currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
base table	A table that assumes a parent role when it participates in an inheritance relationship with another table. See also role
base unit	A fundamental unit of measure in a system of measurement from which other units are derived. See also unit of measure
batch	A quantity of one or more items produced in one operation. See also item quantity
batch attribute	A product attribute of a process batch or a transfer batch. See also process batch product attribute transfer batch
batch balancing	A process that adjusts the required quantities of ingredients that are used in the production of a formula based on the level of potency of active ingredient of a specific inventory batch.
batch job	A set of computer processes that can be run without user interaction.
batch process	A production process for producing items in batches. See also batch item
beneficiary	A person who is a member of an organization that provides benefits, or a party who is designated as the recipient a benefit. See also benefit organization party
benefit	Indirect compensation or reward offered by an organization. See also indirect compensation organization
best before date	A recommended date for obtaining the optimum quality or characteristic of a product. See also best before period product
best before period	The time period in which to obtain the optimum quality or characteristic of a product. See also best before date product
best practice rule	A rule that is optionally enforced after compilation in X++. The rules represent safe or consistent code design. See also rule X++
bill of exchange	A source document that documents an unconditional request for a third-party to pay a second party on demand. See also party source document
bill of lading	A business document issued by a carrier to a shipper that serves as the document of title. See also business document
bill of materials	A list of products and their quantities that are required to produce one product. See also product quantity
bill of materials item	An itemized product defined by a bill of materials. See also bill of materials product
billing classification	A payment request classifier documented on customer invoices that govern payment terms and conditions and the processing of the invoices. See also classification customer invoice payment
bin	A handling unit for storing and transferring items. See also container handling unit item
blocking	The action of placing a document or product on hold. See also action on hold product
BOF	The model-view-controller framework that synchronously or asynchronously controls the execution of immediate or batched business operation implementations.
book value	The net value of an asset reported on a statement of financial position. See also asset
budget	A financial plan that control expenditures for planned activities. See also activity expenditure
budget control	A practice of authorizing expenditure only when budget funds can be reserved to meet future payment commitments. See also authorize commitment expenditure payment practice
budget control dimension	A combination of active financial dimensions values used to allocate budget funds to pay for planned activities. See also activity budget budget control financial dimension financial dimension value
budget control rule	The encoding of a business decision to check committed and actual expenditure against available budget funds allocated for detailed or aggregate activities defined by valid budget control dimension value combinations. See also activity budget budget control budget control dimension expenditure rule
budget cycle time span	A time period specified as a number of fiscal calendar periods. The budget period can be different from the accounting period.
budget group	A set of financial dimension values in a budget dimension hierarchy that is used to calculate aggregate budget funds allocated to superordinate financial dimension values by summing budget funds allocated to subordinate financial dimension values. See also budget financial dimension financial dimension value
budget model	A planning structure used to schedule budget fund allocations and expenditures. See also balance ledger account
budget plan	A document that is used to develop estimates for amounts and units in budget plan scenarios.
budget plan scenario	A classification of budget plan lines, such as Prior year or Department request, that describes the budget that you are working with or planning for.
budget planning process	A process that identifies the budget cycle and ledger for the budget planning period and defines how the budget plans will be routed, reviewed, and approved in an organization hierarchy.
budget revision	A change to a budget that affects the current and remaining available budget funds. See also budget
budget schedule	A schedule for the planned expenditure of allocated financial resources. See also expenditure resource schedule
bulk item	A formula item input into a product delivery activity. See also activity formula item
bundle	The combination of a number of products for sale as one unit. See also product
business classification	A classifier that classifies organizations in an industry classification system. See also organization
business document	A view of a source document that is issued by one party and received by one or more other parties. See also party source document
business event	The abstraction of an economic event and an accounting event. See also accounting event economic event event
business operation	A logical business action controlled by the business operation framework and implemented by a class that communicates with the framework using data contracts. See also action Business Operation Framework
Business Operation Framework	The model-view-controller framework that synchronously or asynchronously controls the execution of immediate or batched business operation implementations.
business unit	A semi-autonomous operating unit that is created to meet strategic business objectives. See also operating unit
buyer's push	The process where products are purchased by a centralized purchasing department and then distributed to stores.
by-product	A item produced as a consequence of producing another item. See also classification item
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C

campaign	A planned set of activities developed by an organization to meet the objective of increasing market shared over a distinct time period. See also activity organization
Canadian Payments Association Standard 005	A standard for the exchange of financial data on automatic funds transfer (AFT) records that is maintained by the Canadian Payments Association (CPA).
cancel	To terminate an event prior to processing. See also event
capable to promise	The portion of product output from available operations resources and available input product required to fulfill a specific customer requirement. See also product
capacity	The actual or potential ability of a resource to perform an activity or to produce output in a specified time period. See also activity resource
capacity load	The maximum amount of scheduled work that a work center can perform at a required capacity level. See also amount capacity
capacity planning	A procedure for determining the resource capacity requirements that meet the demand of future output during specific time periods. See also capacity resource
carry forward	To transfer closing account balances from one accounting period to opening account balances in the subsequent accounting period. See also account balance
carry-forward budget	The budget that is transferred from one fiscal year to the next and that is reserved for open purchase orders in the new fiscal year. See also budget fiscal year purchase order
cash	A currency limited to money. See also currency money
cash discount	A discount that depends on prompt payment. See also discount payment
cash float	An amount of cash provided for the purpose of giving change or exchanging cash.
cash on delivery	A payment policy that requires payment in full for product upon delivery. See also payment policy product
cash receipt	A source document that documents the receipt of cash or cash equivalents. See also cash product receipt source document
cash register	An electronic or mechanical device with a till that records sales, calculates totals, calculates change, and generates product receipts.
cash-generating unit	The smallest group of classifiable assets that generates cash independently of other assets within an organization. These groups of assets are used to measure impairment losses that will be incurred.
Catalog Maintenance Request file	A data file of products, their descriptions and prices, and action codes that add, update, or delete product data in a vendor catalog. See also price product vendor catalog
catch weight	The actual or nominal weight of a sales item or inventory item. See also inventory item sales item
category	A classifier, designation, or division of objects that share a common property.
category	A classifier used to group parties, locations, products, and activities. See also activity location party product
category hierarchy	A structure that orders categories using a superordinate-subordinate relationship. See also category
centralized processing	A shared service that pools resources for leveraging or cost reduction purposes. See also cost resource
CGU	The smallest group of classifiable assets that generates cash independently of other assets within an organization. These groups of assets are used to measure impairment losses that will be incurred.
charge	The incidental cost of product acquisition or product delivery. See also cost
charge variance	The difference between an expected charge and an actual charge. See also charge
chart of accounts	An account structure whose valid value combinations are constrained by integrity constraints and account rules. See also account rule account structure
chart of accounts	A list of main accounts.
check	A bill of exchange drawn on a bank. See also bill of exchange
check digit calculator engine	An engine that calculates apportionment based on check digits.
child table	A table that assumes a child role when it participates in an integrity relationship with another table and whose foreign key attribute values are migrated from the table assuming the parent role in the relationship. See also foreign key role
circulating card	A reusable card that signals process and transfer activities as it circulates between the material’s point of origin and point of consumption. See also activity kanban kanban card
circulating kanban card	A reusable card that signals process and transfer activities as it circulates between the material’s point of origin and point of consumption.
class	A set of objects that share a common definitional property, that share common operations and behavior, or both.
classification	A systematic organization of classes.
client bank	A program that is used to make electronic payments to banks and to receive information from banks. This information includes acknowledgements of payments that were made, information about incoming payments, and bank account balances.
closed	The state in a period in which an activity cannot occur, the state of an operational process, or the status of a source document. See also activity on hold open process source document state status
closed fiscal period	The state of a fiscal period that cannot be reopened and that prevents its use as a time period classifier for account entries. See also closed fiscal period on-hold fiscal period open fiscal period state
closing	An accounting procedure that transfers the balances of the temporary owners’ equity accounts to the permanent owners’ equity account, which leaves the temporary accounts with zero balances. See also accounting balance
cloud	The collection of hardware and software that enables the five essential characteristics (on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service) of cloud computing. The cloud infrastructure can be viewed as containing both a physical layer and an abstraction layer. The physical layer consists of the hardware resources that are necessary to support the cloud services being provided, and typically includes server, storage and network components. The abstraction layer consists of the software deployed across the physical layer, which manifests the essential cloud characteristics. Conceptually the abstraction layer sits above the physical layer.
cluster	A group of warehouse-related work items of the same type, based on user-defined criteria (such as location and inventory number).
CMR file	A data file of products, their descriptions and prices, and action codes that add, update, or delete product data in a vendor catalog. See also price product vendor catalog
COD	A payment policy that requires payment in full for product upon delivery. See also payment policy product
Code 39	A barcode symbology standard maintained by American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
COGS	An accounting category used to sum the financial consequences of manufacturing products and carrying inventory. See also accounting category inventory product
commitment	A promise or obligation to perform an activity in the future. See also action
commitment accounting	A practice of recording the financial consequences of budget fund reservation accounting events in pre-encumbrance and encumbrance journal accounts for financial and management reporting and analysis. See also budget business event encumbrance pre-encumbrance record
committed cost	A commitment made by a legal entity to incur a cost when a future obligation comes due. See also commitment cost legal entity obligation
commodity	Interchangeable products with no physical differentiation that are supplied by multiple vendors. See also commodity pricing product vendor
commodity code hierarchy	A category hierarchy that orders categories that are created from commodity codes. See also category category hierarchy
commodity pricing	A pricing strategy for updating the price of sales items produced from commodities subject to frequent price changes. See also commodity price sales item
compensating ingredient	A type of ingredient in a formula whose quantities can be adjusted. This adjustment is based on the difference between the quantities of active ingredient that are estimated and the quantities of active ingredient inventory batches that are reserved based on the potency of active ingredient.
compensation	Direct or indirect monetary and nonmonentary rewards in exchange for services rendered, or an award for damages sustained by an injury or by the violation of a contract. See also direct compensation fixed compensation indirect compensation variable compensation
completed	The state of having reached the normal or expected end to a program or process. See also state
composition	A whole-part relationship in which the life cycle of the part object is dependent on the life cycle of the whole object. See also aggregation association relation relationship
confirm	To affirm the past occurrence of an event in a system. See also event
confirmation of receipt policy	A policy that prescribes the functional location where the physical acceptance of items takes place. See also item location policy
confirmed ship date	The date that the selling party confirms that the items will ship to a customer or vendor. See also confirm vendor
conform	To be in accordance with requirements, specifications, or explicit expectations. See also conforming
conforming	In accordance with requirements, specifications, or explicit expectations. See also conform
consolidated invoice	A vendor invoice that documents a sum of product quantities and monetary amounts from more than one referenced vendor invoice. See also monetary amount product quantity vendor invoice
consolidated order	A source document that documents more than one referenced order. See also source document
consolidated source document	A source document that documents a sum of product quantities and monetary amounts from more than one referenced source document of the same class. See also monetary amount product quantity source document split source document
consolidation account	The main account in the parent legal entity that is used for ledger consolidation.
consolidation opportunity	A potential cost-savings event obtained by grouping approved requisition line items in order to negotiate a more favorable price with vendors. See also event item price vendor
Constraint-based configuration	A configuration technology that uses constraints to develop product masters and to configure distinct products. See also Dimension-based configuration product product master Rule-based configuration
contact	A person, inside or outside your organization, for whom you have created an entry where you can save several types of information, such as street and e-mail addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and Web page URLs. See also organization
container	A handling unit for shipping and receiving items. See also bin handling unit item
contract	A legally binding agreement between two or more parties. See also agreement commitment
contractor	A role assumed by a person who participates in a contractor-employer relationship with a legal entity. See also legal entity role
conversion cycle	A recurring set of production and logistics activities performed by parties that manufacture or distribute items. See also accounting cycle expenditure cycle human capital management cycle revenue cycle
co-product	An item produced jointly with another item. See also item
cost	The value of an economic resource that is quantified in monetary units and that is measured using an accounting valuation principle. See also economic resource
cost accumulation method	The method used to classify and allocate transformation costs. See also cost
cost center	An operating unit whose managers are accountable for budgeted and actual expenditures. See also expenditure operating unit
cost of goods sold	An accounting category used to sum the financial consequences of manufacturing products and carrying inventory. See also accounting category inventory product
cost variance	The difference between an expected cost and an actual cost. See also cost
costed	To calculate, assign, and allocate the cost of economic resources acquired, produced, or delivered by an organization. See also cost economic resource organization
costing	The process of calculating, assigning, and allocating the cost of economic resources acquired, produced, or delivered by an organization. See also cost economic resource organization
credit card authorization	The process of verifying the credit card holder's identification and credit worthiness before a sales order is processed and fulfilled. See also sales order
credit card capture	The process of verifying the credit card holder's identification and credit worthiness when a sales order is fulfilled. See also sales order
cross-docking	A distribution practice in which items flow from receiving to shipping, with limited or no storage required.
CTP	The portion of product output from available operations resources and available input product required to fulfill a specific customer requirement. See also product
cumulative threshold	The maximum limit of a cumulative transaction value, up to which a tax on the transaction value is not calculated.
currency	A medium of exchange in circulation that is not limited to money. See also money
currency code	An alphanumeric identifier that represents a currency unit. See also currency currency unit
currency unit	A discrete division of currency value. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
customer advance	A payment received from a customer in anticipation of the delivery of items or of the performance of a service. See also item payment service vendor prepayment
customer invoice	A source document that documents a customer payment request. When a payment is received, it can be matched to the invoice. See also invoice payment source document
customer loyalty program	A structured program that rewards customers with incentives or other benefits for loyal buying behavior.
cycle counting	An inventory counting method where items that are stored in different warehouse locations are counted to verify the on-hand inventory levels and to facilitate inventory-level corrections.
cycle time	The time taken to complete an activity. See also activity
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D

data entity	An information structure that represents the data characteristic of an entity.
data event	The X++ event that is raised when a data value in a table changes. See also event X++
dataset parameter	A type of parameter that is created by the reporting framework when a dataset is created based on the Query property and the Dynamic Filters property of the dataset.
default report	A type of report that does not allow a user to modify the layout but that does allow a user to filter and sort the data in the report. See also report
deferred input VAT	The calculated value-added tax (VAT) amount that is not due until the invoice is paid. This amount is posted to an unrealized purchase VAT account and can be claimed only after the receipt of a receipt/tax invoice or a tax invoice.
deferred output VAT	The calculated value-added tax (VAT) amount that is not due until the invoice is paid. This amount is posted to an unrealized sales VAT account and can be claimed only after a receipt or tax invoice is printed.
delegate	A type that references a method. Once a delegate is assigned a method, it behaves exactly like that method. Delegates are roughly similar to function pointers in C++; however, they are type-safe and secure.
delivery note	A business document that documents the delivery of products between two parties. See also business document party product
delivery schedule	A schedule for the planned delivery of products. See also product schedule
demand during lead time	The average daily demand for a product multiplied by the average lead time. See also product
demand forecast	A prediction of future product demand. See also product
demand forecasting	A business process that estimates future demand and creates demand forecasts based on historical transaction data.
dependent	A role assumed by one person, place, or thing that participates in a relationship. See also role
dependent party	A party who assumes a dependent role when it participates in a relationship with another party. See also dependent party role
dependent workflow	A workflow instance that is generated by a parent workflow instance. See also dependent workflow instance
depreciation	The expiration of a portion of the original cost of a fixed asset during a specific time period. See also cost fixed asset
dereference	To programmatically access a memory address assigned to a pointer variable or reference variable.
derivation rule	A rule to determine a classifier for classifying the financial consequences of an accounting event. See also business event rule
derived class	A class that assumes a child role when it participates in an inheritance relationship with a parent (or base) class whose methods can be extended or redefined and whose member access can be restricted. See also base class role
derived table	A table that assumes a child role when it participates in an inheritance relationship with another table. See also role
destination company account	The legal entity that is the recipient of a liability in an intercompany economic transaction. See also intercompany legal entity liability source company account
destination inventory location	An inventory location where materials required by a final kanban production activity or transfer activity are received. See also inventory location kanban source inventory location
destination-based sales tax	A sales tax levied in some states in the United States on a product based on the destination in which the buyer takes ownership or receives the product. See also sales tax
dimension	A classifier that characterizes the magnitude or extent of a quantifiable property of an object or activity. See also dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
dimension derivation rule	A rule to determine a ledger dimension for classifying the financial consequences of an accounting event. See also business event ledger dimension rule
Dimension-based configuration	A configuration technology used to create product variants by selecting values for product dimensions. See also Constraint-based configuration product product dimension Rule-based configuration
dimensionless measurement	A measurement whose dimension is one and whose unit of measure is either a dimensionless unit of measure or the unit one. See also dimension magnitude measure measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
direct compensation	The fixed and variable compensation awarded to an employee in exchange for services rendered. See also compensation employee fixed compensation indirect compensation variable compensation
disallowed vendor	A vendor that is not authorized to supply products to one or more legal entities. See also approved vendor authorize legal entity product prospective vendor unsolicited vendor vendor
discount	A fixed amount or percentage deducted from a quoted price or price total. See also amount price
discount period	The time period within which a customer can discount their payment obligation. See also obligation payment
discount variance	The difference between an expected discount and an actual discount. See also discount
distinct product	A uniquely identifiable product. See also product
dock management	A warehouse process where you can control inventory items for multiple orders, shipments, loads, or waves at the docks when inbound items are received or outbound items are loaded.
document blocking	A method of placing an operations process on hold while ordered items are in a quality assurance process. See also blocking item on hold
document management system	An application service for storing and handling an organization's documents. See also organization
document services	The application integration services that provide create, read, update, delete, and find operations for XML documents mapped using an Application Object Tree (AOT) query element. See also Application Object Tree
doing business as	The assumed, fictitious name under which an organization is registered in the United States. See also organization
domain entity	A conceptual structure that represents an independent entity that is capable of separate existence. See also domain role entity
domain event	The occurrence of an activity in the organization resource management domain. See also activity
domain role	A behavior pattern that is assumed by domain entities when participating in role relationships.
downcast	An expression that modifies an object type into the type of a derived class. See also derived class
duty	A responsibility to perform one or more tasks or to provide services for a job. See also duty job responsibility service task
duty	In the security model, a set of application access privileges that are required for a user to carry out their responsibilities. See also duty privilege security model
dynamic filter	A property on the dataset that determines how report filters are created for a report. See also report
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E

EAN	A 13-digit international barcode standard maintained by GS1.
economic event	The occurrence of an economic exchange action in an economic system. See also accounting event action business event
economic resource	A resource that is consumed, produced, and used to add value to an organization’s product delivery activities. See also activity organization resource
ecosphere	The general environment, which is usually specified as being the air, water, or ground.
EFT	A networked system for transferring funds from one bank account to another.
electronic filing	The process of submitting documents to an authority using an electronic communications medium.
electronic funds transfer	A networked system for transferring funds from one bank account to another.
employee	A role assumed by a person who participates in an employee-employer relationship with a legal entity. See also legal entity role
employee compensation	Direct or indirect monetary and nonmonetary rewards offered to an employee by an organization. See also compensation direct compensation employee fixed compensation indirect compensation organization variable compensation
encumbrance	A commitment made by legal entities to reserve budget funds for expenditure obligations. See also budget commitment expenditure legal entity obligation pre-encumbrance
engine	A system component that provides complex capability and performs operations on objects.
enterprise portal	A Web site that provides a single point of entry for internal and external users of an organization to access a wide variety of business information. See also organization
entity	An object that can be uniquely identified. See also data entity domain entity
EPC	An international non-profit association that supports and promotes the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) banking industry initiative.
EPE	A Lean concept that is used to establish a regular repeating production cycle.
equity	The net worth of an organization after deducting liabilities from assets. See also asset liability organization
escalation path	A series of workflow escalation actions that can be taken to complete a workflow work item when it cannot be complete by the current assignee. See also workflow escalation action
estimated cost	The approximate cost incurred in the performance of an activity. See also activity cost
European Article Number	A 13-digit international barcode standard maintained by GS1.
European Payment Council	An international non-profit association that supports and promotes the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) banking industry initiative. See also Single Euro Payments Area
event	The occurrence of an action in a system. See also action event handler
event handler	A software routine that executes in response to an event. See also event
Every Product Every	A Lean concept that is used to establish a regular repeating production cycle.
exceptional threshold	The maximum limit of an individual transaction value that is a part of a cumulative transaction value, up to which a tax on the transaction value is not calculated. The exceptional threshold is applied to an individual transaction value that is a part of a cumulative transaction value that is within the cumulative threshold.
exchange rate	The value of one exchange currency unit relative to another exchange currency unit. See also currency unit
exchange rate adjustment	A modification to a converted monetary amount when the exchange rate between the quotation unit and the base unit change. See also exchange rate
exchange rate type	A classification that groups exchange rates. See also classification exchange rate
expenditure	A cost or expense that is expended during an accounting period. See also cost expense
expenditure cycle	A recurring set of procurement, receipt, payment, and transfer activities controlled by one or more parties that participate in exchange and nonexchange transactions. See also accounting cycle conversion cycle human capital management cycle revenue cycle
expenditure recognition accounting rule	A recognition accounting rule that prescribes the recognition of expenditure in accounts and on financial statements. See also account financial statement recognition accounting rule revenue recognition accounting rule
expense	A cost that expires when the benefits that incurred the cost are received during an accounting period. See also cost
expense product	A received product that is a current asset, not held for sale or consumed in production, and for which there is no stock control policy requiring quantity tracking or inventory control policy requiring stock value tracking, and for which there is an accounting policy requiring the recording of the cost as an expense. See also accounting policy asset cost expense policy product quantity stock
expiration date	The date on which something ceases to be effective.
extended price	The price of a quantity of product expressed in purchase units calculated from the sales unit price, multiplied by the product quantity in purchase units, divided by the sales unit quantity. See also price product purchase unit quantity sales unit
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F

face value	The stated value that is displayed on the face of a monetary unit, such as a bill, coin, or gift card. For gift cards, the face value is the starting balance, which was paid when the gift card was issued.
feeder flow	A production flow that can supply other downstream production flows. See also production flow
FIFO inventory valuation method	A method of inventory valuation in which inventory is assumed for accounting purposes to move in the order it was received, regardless of its actual physical movement.
filler ingredient	A type of ingredient in a formula that is used to increase the total quantity of a product. The filler ingredient has no chemical influence on any of the active ingredients in the formulation.
filter	A tool that you can use to categorize inventory items for quick searching. Filters also restrict the availability of items to customers, vendors, and warehouse processes.
financial dimension	A financial data classifier created from the parties, locations, products, and activities in an organization and used for management reporting. See also activity location organization party product
financial dimension value	A data element in the domain of a financial dimension. See also financial dimension
financial dimension value constraint	A hierarchical financial dimension relationship that restricts the set of all possible financial dimension value combinations to a set of valid financial dimension value combinations. See also financial dimension financial dimension value
financial statement	A report that documents the financial information and financial position of an organization. See also organization report
fiscal period	A time period division of a fiscal year. See also closed fiscal period fiscal year on-hold fiscal period open fiscal period
fiscal year	An approximate 12-month fiscal period used by an organization that prepares annual financial statements. See also financial statement fiscal period organization
fixed asset	An accounting classifier used to classify any long-term asset whose cost expiration is recognized over more than one year. See also asset cost
fixed compensation	Compensation, independent of performance, that is awarded to an employee by an organization. See also compensation direct compensation employee indirect compensation organization variable compensation
fixed cost	A cost that does not vary with changes in product delivery throughput or output. See also cost product
fixed exchange rate	An exchange rate that pegs one currency's value to another currency's value. See also currency exchange rate
fixed location	A permanent location that is assigned to an item in a warehouse. Multiple items can have the same fixed location, and a single item can have multiple fixed locations.
fixed quantity kanban	A type of kanban that is used when the number of kanbans that are assigned to a kanban rule is constant. See also kanban kanban rule
fixed-price project	A type of project in which the customer pays a predetermined amount for the entire project. See also fixed-price project estimate project
fixed-price project estimate	The estimated total cost to complete a fixed-price project. See also cost fixed-price project
flexible authentication	An authentication process where users in a variety of identity management systems can be authenticated.
FOB	A shipping method that establishes the point at which ownership of goods passes to the buyer. The FOB can establish ownership when an item is damaged in transit.
forecast dimension	A dimension that is used to characterize the level of detail for which a forecast is defined.
foreign currency revaluation	A procedure for recording revalued assets and liabilities that account for differences in exchange rates between an original transaction currency unit and accounting currency unit conversion and a period end transaction currency and accounting currency conversion. See also asset exchange rate liability procedure
foreign currency translation	A procedure for recording revalued functional currency account balances when restating account balances in a reporting currency. See also account balance procedure record reporting currency
foreign currency unit	A currency unit of a country/region that is not the functional currency unit of the primary legal entity. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
foreign key	A set of fields whose values are migrated from a primary key or an alternate key from a parent table. See also alternate key parent table primary key
formula	A numeric relationship among production process inputs and production process outputs.
formula item	An output of a batch process controlled by a formula. See also batch process formula
Free On Board	A shipping method that establishes the point at which ownership of goods passes to the buyer. The FOB can establish ownership when an item is damaged in transit.
freight forwarder	A person or company contracted by a customer to consolidate loads into shipments and then transport and deliver those loads to specified destinations.
freight terms	The agreed-upon method for handling shipping costs. Freight terms identify the party responsible for the payment of freight charges.
fully qualified account number	A ledger account number in which all segments of an account structure are entered and validated. See also account structure ledger account
functional currency unit	A currency unit of a country/region in which a primary legal entity locates its business activities and in which it generates most of its revenue and expenses. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
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G

general budget reservation	A document that is often used by public sector entities to set aside or earmark budgeted funds so that those funds are not available for other purposes.
general ledger	The register of debit and credit entries classified using accounts listed in a chart of accounts. See also account chart of accounts register
generic engine	An engine that determines the apportionment of freight charges by weight.
giro	An electronic funds transfer system available in the European Union that permits a payer to transfer funds from their bank account to a payee's bank account. See also electronic funds transfer
global address book	A complete list of party records. See also address book party record
Goods and Services Tax	A value-added tax levied in some countries/regions. See also value-added tax VAT
goods in transit	Items that have been dispatched from the shipping location but have not yet arrived at the delivery location.
goodwill	The difference between the perceived value and the book value of an asset. See also asset book value
grace period	The time period beyond a specified date during which an obligation can be fulfilled without penalty. See also obligation
gross amount	An amount excluding deductions, charges, and adjustments. See also amount charge
gross margin	The difference between the sales and the direct costs of the products sold. See also cost product
group	A set of objects that share a common relation. See also relation
GST	A value-added tax levied in some countries/regions.
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H

handling unit	A uniquely identifiable logistics unit of material that can be transferred, stored, received, and shipped. See also bin container
hard booking	A project booking that commits a resource to a project or activity, usually for a specified period of time on a project schedule. See also activity project resource schedule soft booking
Harmonised Sales Tax	A value-added tax (VAT) levied in some Canadian provinces that combines the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the provisional sales tax. See also Goods and Services Tax value-added tax
heijunka	A method of production scheduling that levels the production flow and that places the production schedule in a visible location so that any production issues can be seen at an early stage. See also production flow production schedule
hot-swap	To replace an assembly file with a revised assembly file in a running system. In-progress sessions continue to access the original assembly from active memory. See also hot-swapping
hot-swapping	The replacement of an assembly file with a revised assembly file in a running system. In-progress sessions continue to access the original assembly from active memory. See also hot-swap
HST	A value-added tax (VAT) levied in some Canadian provinces that combines the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the provisional sales tax. See also Goods and Services Tax value-added tax
human capital management cycle	A recurring set of recruitment, hiring, training, compensation, and performance evaluation activities performed by parties that compensate employees and contractors in exchange for services. See also accounting cycle conversion cycle expenditure cycle revenue cycle
hybrid cloud	The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).
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I

IaaS	The capability provided to the consumer of provisioning processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed application, and possibly has limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
IDE	A set of integrated tools for developing software. The tools are generally run from one user interface and consist of a compiler, an editor, and a debugger, among others.
identification	Proof or evidence that supports an identity claim.
identifier	A distinguishing label assigned to data entities.
inbound port	A port for servicing inbound requests. See also outbound port port
indirect compensation	The fixed compensation awarded to an employee in order to promote employee retention. See also compensation direct compensation employee fixed compensation variable compensation
indirect cost	A cost that is not directly attributed to the production of an item or the performance of a service. See also cost
infrastructure as a service	The capability provided to the consumer of provisioning processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed application, and possibly has limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
input VAT	The tax on an organization’s purchases or input supplies, which is levied on the purchase price.
inspection item	An itemized product that participates in an inspection process. See also product
instantiate	To create an instance of an object in object-oriented programming.
integrated development environment	A set of integrated tools for developing software. The tools are generally run from one user interface and consist of a compiler, an editor, and a debugger, among others.
IntelliSense	A feature of an integrated development environment (IDE) that provides logical code elements that the user can select from a drop-down menu while coding. See also integrated development environment
intercompany	Occurring between or relating two or more legal entities that are part the same organization that consolidates the accounts of all legal entities. See also account legal entity organization
intercompany customer invoice	A customer invoice that documents a customer payment request from one legal entity to another legal entity that is part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of both legal entities. See also account customer invoice legal entity organization payment
intercompany economic transaction	An economic transaction between legal entities that are part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of the legal entities. See also account intercompany legal entity organization
intercompany master scheduling	The process for generating a timetable for two or more legal entities that are part the same organization. See also intercompany legal entity master scheduling organization
intercompany purchase order	A purchase order that one legal entity generates from a sales order sent by another legal entity that is part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of both legal entities. See also account intercompany legal entity organization purchase order sales order
intercompany sales order	A sales order that one legal entity places with another legal entity that is part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of both legal entities. See also account intercompany legal entity organization sales order
intercompany vendor	A legal entity that assumes the role of a vendor that is authorized to supply products to one or more legal entities that are part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of all of the legal entities. See also authorize intercompany legal entity organization product role vendor
intercompany vendor invoice	A vendor invoice that documents a vendor payment request from one legal entity to another legal entity that is part of the same organization that consolidates the accounts of both legal entities. See also account intercompany legal entity organization payment vendor invoice
interest	An amount charged for the use of money or credit. See also amount money
interest note	A source document that documents an interest payment obligation. See also obligation payment source document
international ACH transaction	An Automated Clearing House (ACH) funds transfer between an originating party and a receiving party that involves at least one depository financial institution that is not located in the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. See also Automated Clearing House party
International Organization for Standardization	An international association of 157 countries/regions, each of which is represented by its leading standard-setting organization-for example, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for the United States. The ISO works to establish global standards for communications and information exchange. Primary among its accomplishments is the widely accepted ISO/OSI reference model, which defines standards for the interaction of computers connected by communications networks. See also ISO 14000
International System of Units	The international metric system of units of measurement.
interop	The technology that one software component uses to interoperate with another software component.
interunit accounting	An accounting process where due-to and due-from account entries are automatically created to ensure that an accounting entry is balanced for one or more specified financial dimensions in a legal entity.
in-transit lead time	The lead time required for an item to leave the shipping party and arrive at the receiving party. See also item party
Intrastat	The system for collecting and generating statistics on the trade of items between countries/regions in the European Union. See also item
inventory	Items that an owning organization uses in its product delivery activities. The value of an item is calculated by using an inventory valuation method and is recorded in inventory accounts. See also inventory item item stock stock item
inventory item	An itemized product that participates in an inventory process. See also product
inventory location	A functional storage facility where the stock value is recorded in accounting journals using inventory account classifications. See also accounting journal classification record stock
inventory registration policy	A policy that controls when stock that is stored in a supermarket is registered as inventory. See also inventory policy stock supermarket
invoice	A source document that documents a payment request from another party. See also consolidated invoice customer invoice intercompany customer invoice intercompany vendor invoice party payment pro forma invoice source document vendor invoice
invoice matching	A practice of matching vendor invoice prices and product quantities to purchase orders and product receipts. See also price product product receipt purchase order quantity vendor invoice
ISO	An international association of 157 countries/regions, each of which is represented by its leading standard-setting organization-for example, ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for the United States. The ISO works to establish global standards for communications and information exchange. Primary among its accomplishments is the widely accepted ISO/OSI reference model, which defines standards for the interaction of computers connected by communications networks. See also ISO 14000
ISO 14000	Standards and guidelines that were developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to help organizations minimize the negative effect their operations have on the environment and to comply with applicable laws and regulations. See also International Organization for Standardization
issue slip	A report that is generated by a bailor when items are shipped to a bailee for storage purposes.
item	A tangible or intangible thing. See also product right service
item allocation key	A product family grouping that is used for forecast and demand scheduling.
item relation	A reference to the item allocation group or the item and its product dimensions in a kanban rule. See also item kanban rule product dimension reference
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J

job	An occurrence of an activity performed between specific start and end times and at specific locations. See also activity location
job	A grouping of responsibilities, duties, and job functions that compose an activity. See also activity duty job function responsibility
job description	A statement of the essential responsibilities, duties, job functions, and requirements of a job. See also duty job job function responsibility
job function	One or more tasks, duties, and responsibilities that are assigned to a job. See also duty job responsibility task
job order costing	A costing method that uses production orders to assign incurred production costs to specific jobs. See also job production order
journal	A register of original accounting entries. See also register
journal entry	A record of the financial consequence an accounting event. See also business event record
journalize	To record the financial consequences of accounting events in the subledger journal. See also business event journal record
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K

kanban	A signal that communicates a requirement for a quantity of product. See also product quantity signal
kanban card	A printed document that represents a kanban on the shopfloor, on a physical kanban board or Heijunka board, in a shipment, or in inventory. See also heijunka inventory kanban
kanban job	A process or transfer activity in a production flow that is triggered by a kanban. See also job kanban production flow
kanban job consumption	The withdrawal of product components from inventory in order to complete the kanban production jobs. See also inventory kanban job
kanban product quantity	The number of item requirements that are carried on a kanban based on a kanban rule. See also item kanban kanban rule
kanban quantity	The numeric parameter in a kanban rule that controls the number of kanbans to create when the rules product requirement condition is met and the rule is evaluated. See also kanban kanban rule quantity rule
kanban rule	A rule in a lean manufacturing system that realizes material planning and replenishment policies by controlling how process and transfer activities are coordinated in production flows. See also kanban policy production flow rule
knowledge article	A document that documents unique characteristics for a case.
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L

ledger	The part of an accounting system that is used for classifying the monetary value of economic transactions by using a chart of accounts, a fiscal calendar, and one or more currencies. See also accounting chart of accounts currency
ledger account	A classifier created from the combination of main account value and other financial dimension values listed in a chart of accounts and used to classify the financial consequences of economic activity. See also chart of accounts financial dimension value main account
ledger dimension	A classifier created from the combination of financial dimension values listed in a chart of accounts and used to classify the financial consequences of economic activity. See also chart of accounts financial dimension value
ledger reconciliation	The practice of reconciling general ledger accounts. See also account general ledger reconcile
legal entity	An organization with a registered or legislated legal structure that is granted the authority to enter into legal contracts and that is required to prepare statements that report on its performance. See also organization
liability	A classifier used to classify the value of economic resources that are owned by creditors. See also asset economic resource equity
license code	An alphanumeric key that grants a party the right to use software or software components as prescribed in the terms of the license agreement, and that activates and inactivates software modules, software capabilities, and software functions. See also party right
license plate number	A unique number that is assigned to a warehouse entity such as a pallet, bin, cart, or individual item for tracking inventory. You can use this number to ascertain the item location, item quantity, product dimension, and tracking dimension of the entity.
LIFO inventory valuation method	An inventory valuation method in which inventory that is received most recently is considered sold or used first for accounting purposes.
line item workflow	A workflow created for each line item in a workflow document. See also workflow workflow document
line item workflow work item	A workflow work item that is created by a line item workflow instance. See also line item workflow workflow workflow instance
liquidity	The ability of a party to use current assets to settle current liabilities. See also asset liability party
liquidity classification	A systematic organization of time intervals that predict the liquidity of a party. See also classification liquidity party
liquidity ratio	The proportion of a party's current assets that can be used to settle current liabilities. See also asset liability liquidity party
load	The maximum amount of activity that can be performed by a resource in a time period. See also amount
load planning	The process of scheduling, picking, packing, and consolidating one or more shipments of warehouse inventory items for transportation and delivery.
location	A geographic point or region.
location	A physical address.
location	An electronic address.
location	A functional facility.
lot	A quantity of one item or a number of items of the same kind. See also batch item process quantity
lot inheritance	The practice of configuring items so that their product characteristics and shelf life information can be updated based on their ingredients.
loyalty program	A structured program that rewards customers with incentives or other benefits for loyal buying behavior.
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M

magnetic ink character recognition	A character recognition system for reading and processing data that uses special inks and characters.
magnetic stripe reader	A device used to interpret data that is encoded on a magnetic stripe card.
magnitude	The numeric component of a measurement. See also dimension dimensionless measurement measure measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
main account	A classifier of economic resource value based on the claims parties make on the economic resources owned by a legal entity and that is used to classify debit and credit entries in an accounting system. See also economic resource legal entity party
main account category	A classifier of a main account. See also main account
main account derivation rule	A rule to determine a main account dimension for classifying the financial consequences of an accounting event. See also business event derivation rule main account rule
mandate	The authorization given by a payer to a payee, or by the institution with which the payer's account is held, consenting to the debiting of the payer's account. See also agreement authorize payment amount source document
mandate	An authorization or command issued by a government authority.
marshal	To package and send interface method parameters across thread or process boundaries.
master data	Entities that describe the parties, locations, products, and activities that are referenced by entities that document and record economic, resource flow, and accounting events. See also activity business event location party product record reference data transaction data
master scheduling	The process for generating a timetable for matching supply with demand. See also schedule
matching policy	A policy that controls the purchase order, product receipt, and vendor invoice matching requirements in the accounts payable process. The policy can mandate no matching requirement or a combination of unit price matching, extended price matching, quantity matching, line matching, or total matching requirements. See also accounts payable extended price policy price process product receipt purchase order quantity total vendor invoice
mathematical equation	A mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two mathematical expressions. See also base mathematical expression mathematical statement
mathematical expression	A mathematical statement whose symbols comprise numbers, variables, and mathematical operations. See also base mathematical statement
mathematical formula	A mathematical statement in a formal language that can be given a semantic meaning. See also base mathematical statement
mathematical statement	A combination of symbols that form a logical sentence that is true or false under a given interpretation. See also base
measure	A property of an object that can be quantified numerically. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
measure dimension	A dimension used to characterize the magnitude of a measurement. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
measurement	The magnitude of the property of an object calibrated against one or more units of measure. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measure dimension multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
MICR	A character recognition system for reading and processing data that uses special inks and characters.
mileage engine	An engine that determines the mileage that freight will travel between its origin and destination points, and calculates the shipping rate for the freight accordingly.
milestone billing	A method of requesting payment when predefined milestones are reached. See also payment progress billing
milk run	A freight delivery route that entails two or more stops, where the carrier delivers loads either from a single supplier to multiple buyers or from multiple suppliers to a single buyer.
mobile device	A piece of handheld equipment such as a portable music or video player, PDA (personal digital assistant), mobile phone, or warehouse device that works on its own but can also be connected to a computer. Many of these devices can sync information with Windows. Warehouse mobile devices use barcode technology to process inventory operations.
model	A representation of a declarative structure and behavior. See also application layer application model
model store	A Microsoft SQL Server database where all objects in the Application Object Tree (AOT) are stored.
monetary amount	A class of measurement that represents a characteristic of the financial consequence of an economic, resource flow, or accounting event. See also business event
money	A medium for exchanging ownership of the economic values represented by one or more currency units. See also currency unit
MorphX	The Microsoft Dynamics AX integrated development environment (IDE). See also integrated development environment
MorphX report	A report that is developed using the MorphX integrated development model. See also MorphX report
MorphX Type Hierarchy Browser	A view that displays the structure of the selected Application Object Tree (AOT) class node and its inheritance hierarchies. See also Application Object Tree
multidimensional measurement	A measurement with many characterizations of the magnitude or extent of the property of an object. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measure dimension measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension quantity unit of measure
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N

NACHA	An organization that operates the Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network. See also Automated Clearing House
National Automated Clearing House Association	An organization that operates the Automated Clearing House (ACH) Network. See also Automated Clearing House
natural key	A primary key or alternate key whose values identify objects in the real world. See also alternate key primary key
net amount	The amount including all deductions, charges, and adjustments. See also amount charge
net book value	The value of a fixed asset calculated as the difference between the original cost of the fixed asset minus its accumulated depreciations. See also cost depreciation fixed asset
nominal account	An account that is closed out each fiscal period and whose balance is transferred to retained earnings account. See also account balance fiscal period
non-negotiable check	A non-negotiable instrument ordering a drawee organization to pay a specified amount of money to the holder. See also amount money non-negotiable instrument organization
non-negotiable instrument	A document of title or written order that cannot be bought, sold, exchanged, or transferred.
nonoperating income	Income that includes profits or losses from activities that are not related to an organization’s core operations. Examples of nonoperating income include revenue from dividend income, profits and losses from investments and foreign exchanges, and asset write-down income.
non-recoverable sales tax	A sales tax levied on purchased products that is not deducted from the sales tax levied on the sale of the purchased products when both sales taxes are paid by the same party. See also party product sales tax
not sufficient funds	The lack of enough funds in an account to cover a payment or withdrawal.
notification	A communication generated by the occurrence of an event that a system or user asynchronously sends for receipt. A notification message is a communication that is intended to be read by a recipient. See also alert event
number	A sequence of alphanumeric characters in a number system.
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O

object permission	A permitted create, read, update, delete, or execute operation on a securable object.
obligation	A legally binding commitment. See also commitment
occupational illness	An illness caused by exposure to environmental factors in the work environment. See also occupational injury
occupational injury	An injury resulting from an accident in the work environment. See also occupational illness
OCR	A method of translating images of printed text into machine-encoded text.
offset account	In double-entry accounting, the account used to balance a transaction so that debits equal credits.
offset account	An account used to reduce the gross amount of another account to create a net balance. See also account gross amount
on account	The extension of credit for purchases.
on hold	The state of an operational process that has been suspended or the status of a document and product that participate in a process that is suspended. See also closed open process product state status
on-account payment	A fixed installment payment that is agreed to in a payment plan. See also payment
one-dimensional measurement	A measurement with a single characterization of the magnitude or extent of the property of an object.
on-hold fiscal period	The state of a fiscal period that can be reopened and that prevents its use as a time period classifier for account entries. See also account closed fiscal period fiscal period on hold open fiscal period state
open	The state in a period in which activity can occur, the state of an operational process, or the status of a source document. See also activity closed on hold process source document state status
open fiscal period	The state of a fiscal period that allows its use as a time period classifier for account entries. See also account closed fiscal period fiscal period on-hold fiscal period open state
opening balance	The balance of an account at the beginning of a fiscal period. See also account balance fiscal period
operating unit	An organization that divides the control of economic resources and operational processes among people who have a duty to maximize the use of scarce resources, to improve processes, and to account for their performance. See also economic resource organization process
operations journal entry	A record of the operational and legal consequences of a resource flow event. See also business event record
operations register	A register that is used to record the operational and legal consequences of resource flow events in an accounting system. See also business event record register
operations resource	An economic resource provided by products that flow into or flow out of operations activities. See also activity economic resource product
opportunity	A potential revenue-generating event, or sale to an account, that needs to be tracked through a sales process to completion. See also account event
opposite account	An account used to balance the gross amount in part or in whole of one or more referenced accounts in an accounting equation. See also account gross amount
optical character recognition	A method of translating images of printed text into machine-encoded text.
order discount	A fixed amount or percentage deducted that applies to an order total. See also amount discount
order entry	A method of capturing sales orders and purchase orders using a software application. See also purchase order sales order
organization	A work structure that divides the responsibility for economic resources and processes. See also economic resource process
organization hierarchy	A structure that orders organizations using a superordinate-subordinate relationship. See also organization
organization model	Internal control, data access, and performance reporting structures designed to divide responsibility for human and operations resources and work processes. See also organization process
outbound port	A port for servicing outbound requests. See also inbound port port
output product	The physical products that result from an activity. See also activity product
output VAT	The tax on an organization’s sales, which is levied on the sales price.
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P

PaaS	The capability provided to the consumer of deploying onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly of the configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.
packing slip	A source document that documents the item quantities in a shipment. See also item quantity source document
parent table	A table that assumes a parent role when it participates in an integrity relationship with another table and whose attribute values migrate to foreign key attributes in the table assuming the child role in the relationship. See also foreign key role
partially qualified account number	A ledger account number in which all segments of an account structure are not entered. See also account structure ledger account
participant	A party that contributes to a process or assumes a role in a relationship. See also party process role
partition	A division of an application’s processing into logical or functional parts.
party	An entity that assumes a legally binding role when participating in contractual relationships. See also contract entity
party	A person or organization that participates in economic activities. See also organization
patch layer	An application layer that is paired above an application layer, and used only for hotfixes and service packs. The name of each patch layer ends with the letter 'P', and one pair is named SYS and SYP.
payment	A past, present, or future settlement of an obligation. See also obligation
payment amount	A quantity of currency that is offered or accepted to settle a past, present, or future obligation. See also currency obligation quantity
p-code	A machine language for a nonexistent processor (a pseudomachine). Such code is executed by a software interpreter.
pegging	The process of tracing the quantity of a required item to its source. See also item quantity
pegging event	A resource flow event that signals the demand for a product. See also business event product
pending closed	The state when the period or operational process can only transition to a closed state, or when a source document can only transition to a closed status. See also closed source document state
performance dimension	A dimension used to distinguish and categorize key performance activity against objectives. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement quantity unit of measure
permission	One or more securable object permissions that secure access to logical units of application data and functionality. See also object permission
phantom bill of materials item	A bill of materials item that is produced but not stocked. See also bill of materials item
phantom item	An item that is produced but not stocked. See also item stocked
picking list	A list of the items, along with their quantities and locations, that are required to fill a manufacturing order or shipping order.
plan	An anticipated progression of interrelated activities that do not have assigned start and end times or assigned resources. See also activity
planned intercompany demand	Predicted demand for a product by a legal entity that assumes the role of a vendor. The planned demand is generated from planned demand for the product from a downstream legal entity. See also legal entity product role vendor
planned production order	A source document that documents production requirements generated from a production plan. See also source document
planned purchase order	An order proposal generated by a master scheduling calculation to fulfill a requirement for a purchased item. See also item master scheduling
platform as a service	The capability provided to the consumer of deploying onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly of the configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.
PO	A source document that documents the offer to buy products or the acceptance of an offer to sell products in exchange for payment.
point of sale	The place at which the ownership of products is transferred from the seller to the buyer in exchange for payment.
point of sale terminal	A computer terminal at the point of sale that records and tracks the ownership and transfer of products from the seller to the buyer in exchange for payment.
policy	One or more rules or procedures that operationalize internal controls. See also procedure rule
policy processing sequence	The order in which conflicts between policy rules are resolved. Policy rules defined at a lower level of the sequence always override conflicting policy rules at higher levels of the sequence. See also policy rule
policy rule	A rule in a policy that controls the actions that can or must be taken when the requirements of the condition are met. See also action policy rule
port	An inbound or outbound service endpoint that binds a communications protocol and data contract with a network address.
POS	The place at which the ownership of products is transferred from the seller to the buyer in exchange for payment.
POS terminal	A computer terminal at the point of sale that records and tracks the ownership and transfer of products from the seller to the buyer in exchange for payment.
post	To record the monetary value of an economic event in a specific account, or to summarize and reclassify general and subsidiary journal account entries into general and subsidiary ledger account entries. See also account account entry economic event general ledger journal ledger account record
post-event	An asynchronous event whose handler runs only after the action that raised the event is complete. See also action event
posting layer	A current, tax, or operations ledger classification that is assigned to accounting journal entries. See also accounting journal entry classification
potency	A relative measure of the strength characteristic of an item. See also item
potency management	A method of classifying and managing active ingredients and items that contain a particular concentration of an active ingredient.
practice	A repeatable process that improves or maintains performance. See also activity procedure process step task
pre-encumbrance	A commitment made by management to reserve budget funds for expenditure requests. See also budget commitment encumbrance expenditure
pre-event	A synchronous event whose handler runs completely before the action that raised the event starts. See also event
preparer	The person who creates a source document to initiate a request for economic resources. See also economic resource source document
prepayment journal voucher	An amount that is paid for items or services that have not been received. See also amount item service vendor prepayment
price	The market value or exchange value of a product. See also product
price adjustment	A modification to a quoted price. See also price
price discount	A discount applied to a quoted price. See also discount price
price variance	The difference between an expected price and an actual price. See also price
primary key	A candidate key that is selected to be the principle identifier for uniquely identifying records in a database table. See also record
prior period adjustment	An accounting journal entry entered in a current fiscal period that corrects an error in accounting for an economic event that occurred in a fiscal period that is currently closed. See also accounting journal entry economic event fiscal period
private cloud	The cloud infrastructure provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.
privilege	One or more permissions a user requires to perform a task. See also permission task
pro forma invoice	A business document that is a view of a customer invoice or vendor invoice that documents a payment request but is not an offer or a demand for payment. See also business document customer invoice invoice payment vendor invoice
procedure	A repeatable sequence of steps that are followed in a specific order to meet the requirements of a task. See also activity practice process step task
process	A functional work structure that an organization is responsible for designing, controlling, and improving. A process comprises a coordinated set of activities in which one or more participants consume, produce, and use economic resources to achieve one or more organizational goals. See also activity economic resource organization participant
process batch	The quantity of one or more items that is produced or that can be produced. See also batch item quantity
procurement catalog	A listing of product offerings that are grouped by procurement category. A procurement catalog is used to request products for internal use by an organization. See also category organization product
procurement category hierarchy	A category hierarchy that orders categories that are created to group products that have similar procurement management and accounting characteristics. See also category category hierarchy product
product	An item, service, or right that is output from an economic activity. See also item right service
product attribute	A representation of a product property. See also product
product component	A part of a product. See also product
product dimension	The size, color, or configuration product attributes that are used for dimension-based configuration. See also Dimension-based configuration product attribute
product family	A unique grouping of items, services, or rights that either participates in the same production or delivery activities or that are offered to the same market segments. In Microsoft Dynamics AX, the grouping is represented by using a forecast allocation key. See also activity item product right service
product item	An item that is a type of product. See also item product
product master	A standard or functional product representation that is the basis for configuring product variants. See also product product variant
product receipt	A source document that documents the receipt of products ordered, the receipt of products returned, or the receipt of products received on consignment. See also cash receipt product source document
product sequencing	The practice of classifying and managing characteristics of items so that products with similar characteristics can be scheduled to be produced together.
product variant	A configuration of a product master. See also product master
production flow	A production process designed using Lean principles. See also process
production flow model	A representation of the production capacity provided by a group of work cells in a production flow process. See also process production flow
production order	A source document that documents the requirements for producing items to meet a demand. See also item source document
production planning period template	A user-defined timetable that is used to structure and display existing product requirements. See also product
production schedule	A schedule to produce a specific item and item quantity at a specific time and by specific human and operational resources. See also item quantity schedule
production signal	A documented notification of a resource flow event that triggers a production or transfer activity. See also activity business event kanban kanban card notification
profit	The difference between revenue obtained from sales and expense incurred in product delivery activities. See also activity expense product revenue
profit margin	A measure of profitability that is calculated by using the formula: profit margin = net income before tax and interest / revenue. It can be expressed as a percentage or a number.
programming element attribute	A descriptive declaration that can be applied to programming elements such as types, fields, methods, and properties.
programming event	The occurrence of a programming action in a software system. See also action
progress billing	A method of requesting payment when work progress objectives or rate targets are reached. See also milestone billing payment
project	A program of work.
project budget revision	A change to a project budget that affects the current and remaining available budget funds. See also budget project
project funding rule	A rule in a project system that controls how project activities are funded by one or more funding sources based on project criteria and other conditions. See also activity project rule
project quotation	A source document that documents an offer to supply a quantity of products output from project activities for a specified price and by a specified date in response to a request for quotation in a sales process. See also activity price product project quantity request for quotation source document
projected available inventory	The inventory quantities that are expected to be available at a future point in time calculated by adding scheduled supply to on-hand inventory and subtracting scheduled demand. See also inventory quantity
promissory note	A source document that documents an agreement between two parties based on an understanding that one party will commit to paying the other party at a specified time or on demand. See also agreement party source document
promotional allowance	A payment offered to a customer by a vendor in exchange for promoting their products. See also payment product vendor
prospect	A participant that has the existing and potential ability to provide a service or probable future economic benefit to a legal entity. See also legal entity participant service
prospective vendor	A vendor whose abilities or capabilities to supply products to one or more legal entities are under review before being granted an approved vendor status. See also approved vendor disallowed vendor legal entity product status unsolicited vendor vendor
proxy	A software component that intermediates requests from client software components and responses from service or server software components that respond to those requests.
public cloud	The cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.
purchase agreement	A source document that documents an agreement between two or more parties based on an understanding that a buying party will commit to purchasing a specific quantity or value of product over a period of time in exchange for favorable prices and discounts. See also agreement discount party price product quantity source document
purchase agreement policy	A policy that authorizes parties to modify purchase agreement terms. See also party policy purchase agreement sales agreement policy
purchase item	An itemized product that participates in a procurement process. See also product
purchase order	A source document that documents the offer to buy products or the acceptance of an offer to sell products in exchange for payment. See also payment product source document
purchase order discount	An amount deducted from the total net amount calculation on a purchase order. See also amount discount net amount purchase order total
purchase order overdelivery percentage	The percentage by which product receipt quantities are allowed to exceed the purchase order quantity. See also product receipt purchase order purchase order underdelivery percentage quantity
purchase order policy	A policy that authorizes parties to modify purchase order terms and to control order processing. See also policy purchase order sales order policy
purchase order underdelivery percentage	The percentage by which product receipt quantities are allowed to be less than the purchase order quantity. See also product receipt purchase order purchase order overdelivery percentage quantity
purchase price	The price of product acquisition calculated as the extended price minus trade discounts. See also extended price price product trade discount
purchase quotation	A source document that documents an offer to purchase a quantity of product for a specified price and by a specified date in response to a request for quotation in a procurement process. See also price product quantity request for quotation source document
purchase request	An economic event that generates requirements for products. See also business event product
purchase requisition	A source document that documents product requests so that they can be submitted for review and be used to authorize purchasing by a purchasing organization. See also organization product purchase order source document
purchase unit	A unit of measure for expressing quantities of purchased product. See also product quantity unit of measure
purchase unit price	The price of a purchase unit. See also price purchase unit
purchase VAT	The tax on an organization’s purchases or input supplies, which is levied on the purchase price.
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Q

quantity	An exact measure of some countable operational or financial characteristic represented by a number. See also dimension dimensionless measurement magnitude measure measure dimension measurement multidimensional measurement one-dimensional measurement performance dimension unit of measure
quantity variance	The difference between an ordered product quantity and a delivered product quantity when no more deliveries are expected. See also product quantity quantity variance variance
quantity variance	The difference between an ordered product quantity and a received product quantity when no more receipts are expected. See also product quantity quantity variance variance
query-based report	A type of report generated from an Application Object Tree (AOT) query. See also Application Object Tree report
queue workflow work item	A workflow work item that is assigned to a work item queue. See also work item queue workflow
quotation	A source document that documents an offer to supply a quantity of product for a specified price and by a specified date. See also price product quantity source document
quotation currency unit	The currency unit in an exchange rate calculation. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
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R

radio frequency identification	A technology that uses radio frequencies to identify products. An RFID-capable product has an RFID tag that can transmit information, such as serial number, to an RF reader, which converts the information into digital data that can be sent to a computer.
rate engine	An engine that creates a rating structure and sets up an interface between rating services and carrier companies.
rate shopping	The process of locating and displaying all shipping rates that are available for a particular load.
real account	An account balance that is carried forward into a subsequent fiscal period. See also account fiscal period
realized gain	The increase in the value of an asset calculated as the difference in the value of the asset when two economic events occur and when the difference is recognized on the occurrence of the second event as an increase in wealth. See also asset economic event
realized loss	The decrease in the value of an asset calculated as the difference in the value of the asset when two economic events occur and when the difference is recognized on the occurrence of the second event as a reduction in wealth. See also asset economic event
rebate	A refund of an amount after the full amount has been paid. See also amount refund
receipt advice	A business document that documents a summary of the products a buyer receives from a vendor. See also business document product vendor
receipt item	An itemized product that is received in an operations process. See also product
recognition accounting rule	An accounting rule that prescribes the recognition of revenue and expenditure in accounts and on financial statements. See also account expenditure revenue rule
reconcile	To compare and adjust two or more accounts or statements so that the figures agree. See also account
reconciliation	A practice of adjusting two or more accounts or statements so that the figures agree. See also account
record	The data that defines and describes the parties, products, locations, and activities that compose the economic transaction. See also activity location party product
record	To account for the financial and operational consequences of an economic, resource flow, or accounting event. See also business event
record	An account of an economic transaction. See also account
recoverable sales tax	A sales tax levied on purchased products that is deducted from the sales tax levied on the sale of the purchased products when both sales taxes are paid by the same party. See also party product sales tax
recruitment project	A project to coordinate and track a program of recruiting activities and documentation. See also project
reduction key	A method that is used to increase or decrease forecast requirements in master planning, based on user defined percentages that are applied during specific periods.
reference	The state of being related or referred.
reference	To relate to another entity.
reference	A source of related information.
reference	A statement of the qualifications of an applicant made by a person who knows the applicant. See also applicant
reference data	Named entities that have no describing properties or numeric values. See also master data transaction data
refund	The return of an amount paid. See also amount
register	A record that is used to record the operational, legal, and financial consequences of resource flow events in an accounting system. See also accounting business event record
register	To automatically update the progression or output of work done outside of the application.
regulated product	A product that is regulated by a government authority that requires compliance and audit reporting. See also product
reinstate charge	To reintroduce interest or fees that were originally waived for a party. See also interest party
relate	To collect objects in a set.
relation	A set of objects. See also aggregation association composition relationship
relationship	A connection between objects. See also aggregation association composition relation
replacement cost	The current cost of replacing an existing asset with a similar asset with equivalent operational capability. See also asset cost
replenishment	An inventory management process in which a warehouse location is automatically or manually restocked based on predefined criteria to maintain the correct inventory levels at the location.
report	To update the progression or output of work done outside of the application. The reporting action is taken by a person.
report	A document that is generated by an application.
Report Data Provider-based report	A report where the data source is defined in a Report Data Provider (RDP) class. See also report
report definition	The blueprint for a report before the report is processed or rendered. A report definition contains information about the query and layout for the report. See also report
reporting currency	The monetary unit of measure used to record the converted monetary value of economic transactions in ledger accounts for financial and management reporting purposes. See also ledger account record unit of measure
reporting currency unit	A currency unit that is used to record the financial consequences of accounting events and to prepare and report ancillary financial statements. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit system currency unit transaction currency unit
request for quotation	A source document that documents an invitation to bid on supplying a quantity of product for a specified price and by a specified date. See also price product quantity source document
requested ship date	The date that the selling party should ship items to meet the customer's or vendor's requested receipt date. See also item vendor
requester	The person who requests the economic resources. See also economic resource
resource	A stock of money, product, or people services used in the performance of an activity. See also activity money product service stock
respondent	A party that provides a response. See also party
responsibility	An obligation of a party to perform an assigned job and to be held accountable for the outcome of the results. See also job obligation party
restricted product	A product whose distribution is limited or constrained by a government authority. See also product
return on equity	The ratio of profitability calculated by dividing net income by owners' equity. See also equity profit
revenue	An increase in an organization's assets or a decrease in an organization's liabilities during a reporting period. See also asset liability organization
revenue cycle	A recurring set of sales, fulfillment, payment, and transfer activities controlled by one or more parties that participate in exchange and nonexchange transactions. See also accounting cycle conversion cycle expenditure cycle human capital management cycle
revenue recognition accounting rule	A recognition accounting rule that prescribes the recognition of revenue in accounts and on financial statements. See also expenditure recognition accounting rule recognition accounting rule
reverse charge VAT	A value-added tax (VAT) on products that is owed by the customer that receives the product, not by the vendor that delivers the product. See also product value-added tax
RFID	A technology that uses radio frequencies to identify products. An RFID-capable product has an RFID tag that can transmit information, such as serial number, to an RF reader, which converts the information into digital data that can be sent to a computer.
RFQ	A source document that documents an invitation to bid on supplying a quantity of product for a specified price and by a specified date. See also price product quantity source document
right	An entitlement granted by contract or law. See also item product service
role	In the security model, a behavior pattern of a person playing an organization role, a functional role, and an application role. See also organization role security model
role	A behavior pattern of a participant in a relationship. See also participant
rounding amount	An amount expressed as its nearest round number. See also amount
routing	The selection of carrier routes for transporting freight from origin points to destination points.
rule	A condition-action pair that prescribes the action taken when the condition is met. See also action
Rule-based configuration	A configuration technology that uses rules to develop product masters and to configure distinct products. See also Constraint-based configuration Dimension-based configuration product product master rule
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S

SaaS	The capability provided to the consumer for using the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
sales agreement	A source document that documents an agreement between two or more parties based on an understanding that a selling party will commit to selling a specific quantity or value of product over a period of time in exchange for favorable prices and discounts. See also agreement discount party price product quantity source document
sales agreement policy	A policy that authorizes parties to modify sales agreement terms. See also party policy purchase agreement policy sales agreement
sales item	An itemized product that participates in a sales process. See also product
sales order	A source document that documents the offer to sell products or the acceptance of an offer to buy products in exchange for payment. See also payment product source document
sales order discount	An amount deducted from the total net amount calculation on a sales order. See also amount net amount sales order total
sales order policy	A policy that authorizes parties to modify sales order terms and to control order processing and payment processes. See also policy purchase order policy sales order
sales quotation	A source document that documents an offer to supply a quantity of product for a specified price and by a specified date in response to a request for quotation in a sales process. See also price process product quantity request for quotation source document
sales tax	A tax levied on the sale of products. See also product tax
sales tax hierarchy	A hierarchy that organizes multiple levels of sales tax reporting codes, such as tax types, tax components, excise record types, and service accounting codes.
sales tax hierarchy node	A node in a sales tax hierarchy that represents sales tax information, such as the tax component or the excise record type.
sales tax hierarchy structure	A structure that contains multiple levels of sales tax reporting nodes and that does not contain data. This structure is used as a template to create a sales tax hierarchy.
sales unit	A unit of measure for expressing quantities of sales product. See also product quantity unit of measure
sales unit price	The price of a sales unit. See also price sales unit
sales VAT	The tax on an organization’s sales, which is levied on the sales price.
sample item	An itemized product that is selected for inspection. See also product
scale factor	A ratio to convert from one number precision to another.
schedule	A timetable of planned activities and economic resource allocations. See also activity allocation economic resource
scope of organization control	The direct or indirect amount of control that an operating unit has over the output of a process. See also amount operating unit process
security model	A structure that organizes application access control permissions by using privilege, duty, and business process classifiers and that grants permissions that are aggregated into duties to user role assignments. See also duty permission privilege role
security role	A defined set of application access privileges. The security role assigned to a user determines which tasks the user can perform and which parts of the user interface the user can view. All users must be assigned at least one security role in order to access the system. See also privilege
segregation of duties	A design principle used to reduce the risk of fraud, irregularities, and errors that separates the recording, verification, authorization, custody of assets, and periodic review duties of people who participate in, document, or record the financial consequences of economic transactions. See also asset authorize duty record
selling period	The period of time between an item or right receipt date and its expiration date. See also item right
SEPA	A European banking industry initiative that enables secure electronic payment transfers between bank accounts within and across euro areas.
sequencing	The order in which jobs are processed or operations are performed at a manufacturing facility to achieve objectives.
service	A change in the state of a consuming party or a change in the state of an item belonging to a consuming party that is produced by an activity performed by a providing party. See also activity item party product right state
service group	A logical combination of services that are maintained as one. See also service
service item	An itemized service that participates in an operations process. See also service
shared asset	An asset that is used by more than one cash-generating unit (CGU). An example is a distribution center that is used to store items before they are transported to different markets that share that same distribution center.
shelf life	The period of time between an item's manufacture date and its expiration date. See also expiration date item
ship date	The date that items are shipped from a shipping location. See also item
shipment	A quantity of freight that is created against a source document such as a sales order, purchase order, or transfer order, and that is transported from an origin point to a destination point. You can consolidate inbound or outbound shipments that are going to the same destination point into a single load.
shopping cart	A virtual container that stores products that have been selected for purchase from a procurement catalog or a vendor catalog. See also procurement catalog product vendor catalog
short-term debt	A current obligation that is payable within one year. See also obligation
SI	The international metric system of units of measurement. See also unit of measure
signal	A notification of an event that triggers an activity. See also event notification
Single Euro Payments Area	A European banking industry initiative that enables secure electronic payment transfers between bank accounts within and across euro areas. See also SEPA
single use kanban	A type of kanban that is used with a fixed quantity kanban rule to meet exceptionally high demand. A single use kanban does not trigger a new kanban when it is discarded. See also fixed quantity kanban kanban
site	A collection of files and metadata that comprises a complete website when published to an HTTP server on the World Wide Web.
SKU	An item and its assigned inventory dimensions.
smart rounding	A marketing practice to use odd numbers that are marginally less than their nearest round number to set prices. See also price
soft booking	A project booking that tentatively assigns a resource to a project or activity without committing it to the schedule. See also activity hard booking project resource schedule
software as a service	The capability provided to the consumer for using the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
source company account	The legal entity that is the origin of a liability in an intercompany economic transaction. See also destination company account intercompany legal entity liability
source document	An original record that evidences the occurrence of one or more economic, resource flow, and accounting events. A source document is entered into a system that records, classifies, tracks, and reports on the economic resources exchanged or committed at the time of the event. See also business document business event consolidated source document record split source document
source document amount	A monetary amount measurement that is documented on a source document. See also amount monetary amount source document
source inventory location	The inventory location where materials required by a kanban production activity or transfer activity are picked. See also destination inventory location inventory location kanban
source requirement	The product quantity documented on a source document line that creates a pegging requirement. See also pegging product quantity source document
special depreciation allowance	A deduction from the depreciable basis of qualifying fixed assets taken in the first year of service. See also depreciation fixed asset
spend	An expenditure in the procurement domain. See also expenditure
split source document	A source document that documents partial product quantities and monetary amounts from one referenced document of the same class. See also consolidated source document monetary amount product quantity source document
state	The condition of a system, process, or party. See also party process
statistical account	A classifier of economic resource quantity used to classify debit or credit entries in an accounting system. See also economic resource quantity
statistical baseline forecast	An estimate of future demand that is created by applying a forecasting algorithm to historical transaction data.
status	The condition of an object in a system or process. See also process
step	An operation in a task that progresses an activity towards completion. See also activity practice procedure process task
stock	An accumulation of items that are owned and controlled by organizations. See also item organization
stock flow event	The occurrence of an action that registers the input and output of stock in stores, buffers, queues, and accounts. See also account action stock
stock item	An itemized product item that participates in a stock tracking process. See also item product product item stock
stock keeping unit	An item and its assigned inventory dimensions.
stocked	A policy that controls whether products are tracked in stock. See also policy product stock
storage dimension	The site, warehouse, and inventory location attributes that are used to locate an item in storage. See also inventory location item location
Storno accounting	The practice of using negative numbers to reverse original journal account entries. See also account entry journal practice
subcontracting	The practice of outsourcing service activities to vendors. See also service vendor
subledger journal account entry	An account entry in a subledger journal account. See also account entry journal
subledger journal entry	A journal entry in a subledger journal. See also journal journal entry
subtotal	An intermediate partial sum, quantity, or amount. See also amount quantity
supermarket	A just-in-time inventory location that has finite capacity and is used to batch material near a point of consumption. See also batch inventory location location
supplied inventory location	The inventory location where an item is consumed and where the replenishment of the item is planned. See also inventory inventory location location
surrogate key	A single attribute candidate key whose values are system-generated and that does not represent properties that identify objects in the real world. See also alternate key
swipe	To slide a machine-readable card through a magnetic stripe reader.
system currency unit	A currency unit that is used as the default currency unit if no currency unit is specified when entering monetary amounts. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit transaction currency unit
system language	The default language that is used by the application text localization system.
system of units	A set of units used for measurement or exchange. See also measurement
system services	A group of integrated services that enables you to access information from and interact with your Microsoft Dynamics AX installation.
system-defined financial dimension type	A financial dimension mapped to a table or view in the database that represents an entity type and whose values are in the domain of one attribute of that entity type. See also financial dimension
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T

takt time	The time that it takes to produce one unit of a product. See also product
task	An atomic activity assigned to one or more persons or pieces of equipment responsible for meeting the requirements of the activity. See also activity practice procedure process step
tax	A charge levied by a governing authority. See also charge
tax branch	A branch office that is used to record value-added tax (VAT) and inventory movement. All the branch offices of a VAT-registered legal entity are referred to as tax branches. Each tax branch uses the same tax registration number as the head office of the legal entity.
tax liability	A government authority's legal claim to the assets of a legal entity. See also asset legal entity tax
tax variance	The difference between an expected tax and an actual tax. See also tax variance
taxable amount	An amount that is subject to tax. See also amount tax
taxable product	A product that is subject to taxation. See also product tax
team	An organization whose members share a common responsibility, interest, or objective. See also organization
technosphere	The entities that are outside the organization’s operational boundary. Materials that come from the technosphere are bought or sold, rather than acquired from the environment. See also organization
third-party logistics	A party that provides logistics services to customers. See also party service
three-way matching policy	A matching policy that requires one or more vendor invoice prices to match with one or more purchase order prices and that requires one or more vendor invoice quantities to match with one or more product receipt quantities. See also matching policy price product receipt purchase order quantity vendor invoice
till	The removable tray in a cash register drawer.
total	The whole sum, quantity, amount, or aggregate. See also amount quantity
tracking dimension	The batch number and serial number attributes that are used to track an item. See also batch item
trade discount	A discount that does not depend on prompt payment. See also discount payment
trading relationship	A relationship that is formed when a buying party and a selling party enter into an agreement. See also agreement party
transaction	A social economic exchange action.
transaction	A physical economic exchange action.
transaction	A data manipulation action processed by a database. See also action
transaction currency unit	A currency unit that a party accepts for payment. See also accounting currency unit base currency unit currency currency unit foreign currency unit functional currency unit quotation currency unit reporting currency unit system currency unit
transaction data	Entities that document economic, resource flow, and accounting events and record their financial, legal, and operational consequences. See also business event master data record reference data
transaction threshold	The maximum limit of a transaction value, up to which a tax on the transaction value is not calculated.
transfer batch	The quantity of one or more items that is transferred or that can be transferred. See also item quantity
transit engine	An engine that calculates the number of days that it will take for shipped freight to get from its origin point to its destination point.
transportation demand	A sales order, purchase order, or transfer order that is ready for transportation planning.
trial balance	A report that lists the balances of ledger accounts for a specified time period. See also balance ledger account report
turnover threshold	The maximum limit of a cumulative transaction value, up to which a tax on the transaction value is calculated by using concessional rates instead of standard rates.
two-way matching policy	A matching policy that requires one or more vendor invoice prices to match with one or more purchase order prices. See also matching policy price purchase order vendor invoice
type	A form or structure that distinguishes a particular class of objects.
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U

U.S. Customary System	The system of weights and measurements maintained by the National Bureau of Standards in the United States.
UBL	A language for defining XML business documents that is maintained by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). See also business document
unit class	A classification of units of measurement. See also classification unit of measure
unit contribution margin	The unit sales price minus the unit variable cost.
unit of measure	A division of quantity established in calibrated or normative systems of measurement. See also quantity
unit of work	An object that uses referential integrity constraints to sequence database reading and writing operations in one atomic work process.
Universal Business Language	A language for defining XML business documents that is maintained by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). See also business document
unrealized gain	The anticipated increase in the value of an asset calculated as the difference in the value of the asset when two economic events occur and when the difference is recognized on the occurrence of the second event as an anticipated increase in wealth. See also asset economic event
unrealized loss	The anticipated decrease in the value of an asset calculated as the difference in the value of the asset when two economic events occur and when the difference is recognized on the occurrence of the second event as an anticipated reduction in wealth. See also asset economic event
unrealized sales VAT	The calculated value-added tax (VAT) amount that is not due until the invoice is paid. This amount is posted to an unrealized sales VAT account and can be claimed only after a receipt or tax invoice is printed.
unrealized VAT	The calculated value-added tax (VAT) amount that is not due until the invoice is paid. This amount is posted to an unrealized purchase VAT account and can be claimed only after the receipt of a receipt/tax invoice or a tax invoice.
unsolicited vendor	A vendor that applies to supply products to one or more legal entities without responding to a formal or informal request. See also approved vendor disallowed vendor legal entity product prospective vendor vendor
upcast	An expression that modifies an object type into the type of a base class. See also base class
use tax	An excise tax levied on products in the United States where a sales tax is not levied. See also product sales tax tax
user-defined financial dimension type	A financial dimension mapped to a user-defined list of values. See also financial dimension
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V

valid time state table	A table that tracks the state of an entity over time using a valid-from and a valid-to column.
value stream	An operating unit that controls one or more production flows. See also operating unit production flow
value-added tax	A tax on products at each stage of their production based on the value added during that stage. See also product tax
variable compensation	Compensation, contingent on discretion, performance, or results, that is awarded to an employee by an organization. See also compensation direct compensation employee fixed compensation indirect compensation organization
variance	The difference between two values, such as the difference between estimated and actual expenses.
variance	The difference between an expected and an actual economic resource. See also economic resource
variant configuration technology	A method of modeling product masters and searching for product variant configurations. See also product master product variant
VAT	A tax on products at each stage of their production based on the value added during that stage. See also product tax
vendor	A party that supplies products to one or more legal entities in exchange for payment. See also approved vendor disallowed vendor legal entity party payment product prospective vendor unsolicited vendor
vendor analysis report	A document that displays vendor invoice amounts summarized by one or more dimensions. A vendor analysis report is used to monitor and control expenditures assigned to parties, products, locations, activities, or one or more of their classifiers. See also activity expenditure location party product vendor vendor invoice
vendor catalog	A listing of product offerings that are available for purchase from a vendor. See also vendor
vendor invoice	A source document that documents a vendor payment request. A vendor invoice can refer to one or more purchase orders. When the vendor invoice is authorized, a payment can be made to the vendor. See also invoice payment purchase order source document vendor
vendor prepayment	A payment made to a vendor before any items are received or services are performed. See also customer advance item payment service vendor
version	The status of an entity participating in a release process. See also status
void	To prohibit the use of a document as a contract. See also contract
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W

waive charge	To withdraw the interest or fees originally owed by a party. See also interest party
wave	A logical grouping of warehouse work items that is created by means of a wave template configuration, processed either automatically or manually, and then released to pick the items for production or shipping.
weight engine	An engine that is called automatically when the volume of a package is not proportional to its weight.
WIP	Material that is in some stage of the manufacturing process, from raw material issued to a production order to a manufactured product ready for acceptance into inventory.
withholding tax	A tax levied by a government authority that is deducted from compensation. See also compensation tax
work	The entire range of inventory-related tasks that are performed by a company's warehouse employees. The creation of warehouse work is triggered either automatically by user-defined settings or manually by a worker. Each work item is performed on a mobile device by a warehouse worker.
work breakdown structure	A deliverable-oriented grouping of project elements that organizes and defines the total work scope of the project. Each descending level represents an increasingly detailed definition of the project work.
work cell	A resource group that participates in a production flow activity. See also activity production flow
work in process	Material that is in some stage of the manufacturing process, from raw material issued to a production order to a manufactured product ready for acceptance into inventory.
work item queue	A list that contains workflow work items that are assigned to users.
work item queue assignment expression	A statement that conditionally assigns work items to specific work item queues. See also work item queue
worker	A person who assumes the role of an employee or a contractor and is paid in exchange for services. See also contractor employee role service
workflow	A workflow process that is executing.
workflow decision element	A guard condition that controls the logical branching of task sequences within a workflow process. A workflow decision can be made by a user or by an automation rule. See also workflow
workflow document	A view of data that is submitted to workflow for processing. See also workflow
workflow element	A modeling element used to define workflow processes. See also workflow
workflow escalation action	An automatic workflow action taken when a workflow work item is not completed by the current assignee. See also workflow
workflow execution account	A user account that is granted the rights for executing workflows. See also workflow
workflow history	A view of the workflow tracking data generated by the workflow runtime. See also workflow workflow runtime
workflow host	An environment in which the workflow runtime is started so that it can be accessed as a service. See also workflow runtime
workflow instance	A workflow activated by and executing in the workflow host. See also workflow workflow host
workflow list form	A form that displays a list of workflows for a particular module, along with the versions of the workflow. See also workflow
workflow participant	A person who assumes the role of user in a workflow process. See also workflow
workflow runtime	A software component that activates and executes workflow instances using Microsoft Windows Workflow Foundation. See also workflow instance
workflow scope	The extent of activity controlled by a workflow process. See also workflow
workflow tracking data	The data that is logged during the execution of a workflow instance. See also workflow instance
workflow type	A set of metadata and event handlers in the Application Object Tree (AOT) that defines a workflow design template. See also Application Object Tree event handler workflow
write off	To remove a debt that will not be paid by a party. See also party
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X

X++

The object-oriented programming language used to develop software for the Microsoft Dynamics AX application.

x-report

A type of report that is generated to record current sales totals for a specific cash register.

See also

report

Y

year-end closing

An accounting process that occurs at the end of the fiscal year and is used to transfer the balances of the temporary owners’ equity accounts to the permanent owners’ equity account, to carry forward closing account balances from one accounting period to opening account balances in the subsequent accounting period, and to generate financial statements.

See also

Z

zero-rated

Denotes products for which the buyer pays no value-added tax (VAT) and for which the seller can recover the cost of the input tax levied on the sale.

z-report

A type of report that is generated to record current sales totals for a specific cash register and to close the current work shift.

See also

report

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Microsoft Dynamics AX glossary

Numbers and symbols

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