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5.4.2.2 Direct Approach

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The Negotiation-Based Approach (specified in section 5.4.2.1) aims to have the client and server agree on a security protocol to use for the connection. The fact that the X.224 messages are unencrypted helps to ensure backward compatibility with prior versions of RDP servers, as the packets can always be read. However, the fact that the X.224 PDUs are unencrypted is also a threat because an attacker can seek to compromise or take down the server by sending malformed X.224 PDUs. Hence the goal of the Direct Approach is to ensure that all RDP traffic is protected.

When using the Direct Approach, no negotiation of the security protocol takes place. The client and server are hard-coded to use the Credential Security Support Provider (CredSSP) Protocol (section 5.4.5) when a connection is initiated. The Early User Authorization Result PDU (section 2.2.10.2) is not supported in the Direct Approach. Once the security protocol handshake has completed successfully, the RDP Connection Sequence begins, starting with the X.224 messages which form the Connection Initiation phase (section 1.3.1.1). From this point all RDP traffic is encrypted using the CredSSP External Security Protocol.

The RDP Negotiation Request (section 2.2.1.1.1) MUST be appended to the X.224 Connection Request PDU (section 2.2.1.1) and the requested protocol list MUST contain the PROTOCOL_HYBRID (0x00000002) flag identifying the CredSSP protocol (section 2.2.1.1.1). If this is not the case, the server will append an RDP Negotiation Failure (section 2.2.1.2.2) to the X.224 Connection Confirm PDU (section 2.2.1.2) with a failure code of INCONSISTENT_FLAGS (0x04). Similarly, the server MUST indicate that CredSSP is the selected protocol in the RDP Negotiation Response (section 2.2.1.2.1) which is appended to the X.224 Connection Confirm PDU.

      Direct security-enhanced connection sequence

Figure 13: Direct security-enhanced connection sequence

As specified in the Negotiation-Based Approach, the client and server also confirm the selected protocol and the requested protocols in the Client Core Data (section 2.2.1.3.2) and Server Core Data (section 2.2.1.4.2), respectively.