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6 Appendix A: Product Behavior

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The information in this specification is applicable to the following Microsoft products or supplemental software. References to product versions include updates to those products.

The terms "earlier" and "later", when used with a product version, refer to either all preceding versions or all subsequent versions, respectively. The term "through" refers to the inclusive range of versions. Applicable Microsoft products are listed chronologically in this section.

Windows Client

  • Windows 2000 Professional operating system

  • Windows XP operating system

  • Windows Vista operating system

  • Windows 7 operating system

  • Windows 8 operating system

  • Windows 8.1 operating system

  • Windows 10 operating system

  • Windows 11 operating system

Windows Server

  • Windows 2000 Server operating system

  • Windows Server 2003 operating system

  • Windows Server 2008 operating system

  • Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system

  • Windows Server 2012 operating system

  • Windows Server 2012 R2 operating system

  • Windows Server 2016 operating system 

  • Windows Server operating system

  • Windows Server 2019 operating system

  • Windows Server 2022 operating system

  • Windows Server 2025 operating system

Exceptions, if any, are noted in this section. If an update version, service pack or Knowledge Base (KB) number appears with a product name, the behavior changed in that update. The new behavior also applies to subsequent updates unless otherwise specified. If a product edition appears with the product version, behavior is different in that product edition.

Unless otherwise specified, any statement of optional behavior in this specification that is prescribed using the terms "SHOULD" or "SHOULD NOT" implies product behavior in accordance with the SHOULD or SHOULD NOT prescription. Unless otherwise specified, the term "MAY" implies that the product does not follow the prescription.

<1> Section 1.3.2: Added a PA-Data request in the TGS-REQ message and an encrypted PA-Data response in the TGS-REP message that includes the NTLM hash for the authenticated user in Windows 10 v1607 operating system client version and in Windows Server 2016 server version and later.

<2> Section 1.9.1: Windows 2000 operating system does not support the RFC Kerberos OID.

<3> Section 2.1:  The default message size threshold in Windows is 1465 bytes except in the following releases.

 Windows release

 Message size

Windows 2000 (initial release)– Windows 2000 operating system Service Pack 3 (SP3)

2000 bytes

Windows 2000 operating system Service Pack 4 (SP4)

1465 bytes

Windows XP (initial release), Windows XP operating system Service Pack 1 (SP1)

2000 bytes

Windows XP operating system Service Pack 2 (SP2)

1500 bytes

<4> Section 2.2.1: The KERB-EXT-ERROR structure is Windows-specific.

<5> Section 2.2.2: The KERB-ERROR-DATA structure is Windows-specific.

<6> Section 2.2.4: Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008 R2 do not support transmitting the KERB-LOCAL structure.

<7> Section 2.2.5: The LSAP_TOKEN_INFO_INTEGRITY structure is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Vista.

<8> Section 2.2.6: The KERB-AD-RESTRICTION-ENTRY structure is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, or Windows Vista.

<9> Section 2.2.7: The FAST-supported bit is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<10> Section 2.2.7: The Compound-identity-supported bit is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<11> Section 2.2.7: The Claims-supported bit is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<12> Section 2.2.7: The Resource-SID-compression-disabled bit is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2008 R2 KDCs.

<13> Section 2.2.8: The PA-SUPPORTED-ENCTYPES structure is not supported by Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Server 2003.

<14> Section 2.2.10: The PA-PAC-OPTIONS structure is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<15> Section 2.2.11: The KERB-KEY-LIST-REQ structure is not supported in Windows 10 v1909 operating system or Windows Server v1909 operating system or earlier.

<16> Section 2.2.12: The KERB-KEY-LIST-REP structure is not supported in Windows 10 v1909 or Windows Server v1909 or earlier.

<17> Section 3.1.1.3: Windows has a ticket cache and makes the ticket cache available to client applications at their request. Programmatic methods for querying the contents, purging the contents, or purging individual tickets are also available.

In Windows 2000 and Windows XP, TGTs are not automatically renewed. Where supported, renewal attempts begin at 15 minutes prior to expiration (except for Windows Server 2003 which is 10 minutes), unless the renew-till time (see [RFC4120] section 2.3) of the TGT is within five minutes.

<18> Section 3.1.1.4: In Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista, a 32-byte binary random string machine ID is not sent on the wire. When sent, this machine ID is not used by KILE.

<19> Section 3.1.1.5: SupportedEncryptionTypes are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003.

<20> Section 3.1.1.5: The default for SupportedEncryptionTypes in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 is 0000001F. The default for Windows Server 2008 R2 DCs is 0000001F.

<21> Section 3.1.5.1: The KERB-KEY-LIST-REQ [161] pre-authentication type is not available in Windows 10 v1909 or Windows Server v1909 or earlier.

<22> Section 3.1.5.1: The KERB-KEY-LIST-REP [162] pre-authentication type is not available in Windows 10 v1909 or Windows Server v1909 or earlier.

<23> Section 3.1.5.2: Not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Server 2003.

<24> Section 3.1.5.2: In Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003, KDCs select the encryption type based on the preference order in the client request. Otherwise, KDCs select the encryption type used for pre-authentication or, when pre-authentication is not used, the encryption type is based on the preference order in the client request.

Only Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008, and Windows 7 support DES by default.

RC4-HMAC is supported in Windows. For more information on RC4 and encryption type updates see Windows Kerberos RC4-HMAC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability security update November 2022 [MSFT-CVE-2022-37966] and Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability security update November 2022 [MSFT-CVE-2022-37967]. These updates apply to Windows Server 2008 operating system with Service Pack 2 (SP2) and later.

<25> Section 3.1.5.2: For more information see Windows Kerberos Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability security updates September 2022 [MSFT-CVE-2022-33647] and [MSFT-CVE-2022-33679]. These updates apply to Windows Server 2008 with SP2 and later.

<26> Section 3.1.5.2: In addition to the encryption type values specified in section 3.1.5.2, Windows sends the value –135. Windows 2000 and Windows XP additionally send the values –133, and –128.

<27> Section 3.1.5.6: IPv6 addresses are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

<28> Section 3.1.5.7: To match names, the GetWindowsSortKey algorithm ([MS-UCODEREF] section 3.1.5.2.4) is used with the following flags: NORM_IGNORECASE, NORM_IGNOREKANATYPE, NORM_IGNORENONSPACE, and NORM_IGNOREWIDTH. Then the CompareSortKey algorithm ([MS-UCODEREF] section 3.1.5.2.2) is used to compare the names. Note that this applies only to names; passwords (and the transformation of a password to a key) are governed by the actual key generation specification ([RFC4120], [RFC4757], and [RFC3962]).

<29> Section 3.1.5.8: RODCs are not supported in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003.

<30> Section 3.1.5.11: Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2012 support "RestrictedKrbHost/<hostname>" to allow developer frameworks to enable Kerberos authentication for code written prior to SPN support.

<31> Section 3.2.1: The following Windows registry path is used to persistently store and retrieve the EnableCBACandArmor variable:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\Kerberos\Parameters

<32> Section 3.2.1: The following Windows registry path is used to persistently store and retrieve the RequireFast variable:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\Kerberos\Parameters

<33> Section 3.2.1: The following registry path is used by implementations that use the Windows registry to persistently store and retrieve the RealmCanonicalize variable:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Kerberos\Domains\ registry path

This is the name of the realm, and RealmFlags key bit 0x8 is set when the non-KILE realm supports canonicalization.

<34> Section 3.2.5.5: Claims are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<35> Section 3.2.5.5: FAST is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<36> Section 3.2.5.6: Not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008.

<37> Section 3.2.5.7: FAST is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<38> Section 3.2.5.7: Compound Identity and FAST are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2. Windows Server 2012 operating system, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server operating system, and Windows Server 2019 do not completely conform to [RFC6806], in that they will set the Enc-Pa-Rep flag in the Ticket flags, despite not supporting encrypted PA data in TGS-REP messages, if they have FAST enabled.

<39> Section 3.2.5.8: Windows does not use the KERB_AUTH_DATA_TOKEN_RESTRICTIONS field. However, except for Windows Vista operating system with Service Pack 1 (SP1), Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows sends this field over the wire.

<40> Section 3.2.6: Windows clients include configured values for the initial time-out of 5 seconds, and an increase factor of 5 seconds and 10 seconds to retry 3 times.

<41> Section 3.3.1: Claims, compound identity, FAST, and mixed mode are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

Implementations that use the Windows registry to persistently store and retrieve this variable use the following registry path:

  • RegistryValueName: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\KDC\Parameters

  • RegistryValueType: 4

  • RegistryValue: CbacAndArmorLevel

<42> Section 3.3.1: Windows implementations use the Registry Windows Remote Registry Protocol ([MS-RRP]) to expose the key and value. For each abstract data model element that is loaded from the registry, there is one instance that is shared between the Windows Remote Registry Protocol and any protocols that use the abstract data model element. Any changes made to the registry keys will be reflected in the abstract data model elements when a PolicyChange event is received ([MS-GPOD] section 2.8.2) or on KDC start up.

<43> Section 3.3.1.1: The KerbSupportedEncryptionTypes are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003. Compound identity is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008 R2.

<44> Section 3.3.3: Claims and FAST are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<45> Section 3.3.5.1: For Active Directory with the msDS-Behavior-Version attribute on a domain NC root object equal to DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2000, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003_WITH_MIXED_DOMAINS, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2008, or DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2008R2, KDCs continue without FAST.

<46> Section 3.3.5.2: Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 KDCs do not support the provisioning of UPNs.

<47> Section 3.3.5.3: In Windows 2000 Server,  Windows Server 2003, and Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 1 KDCs issue PACs according to this logic:

In either of the following two cases, a PAC [MS-PAC] MUST be generated and included in the response by the KDC when the client has requested that a PAC be included. The request to include a PAC is expressed with a KERB-PA-PAC-REQUEST structure (section 2.2.3) padata type that is set to TRUE:

  • During an Authentication Service (AS) request that has been validated with pre-authentication and for which the account has AuthorizationDataNotRequired set to FALSE.

  • During a TGS request that results in a service ticket unless the NA bit is set in the UserAccountControl field in the KERB_VALIDATION_INFO structure ([MS-PAC] section 2.5).

Otherwise, the response will not contain a PAC.

<48> Section 3.3.5.4: Authentication Policy Silos are not supported by Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 DCs.

<49> Section 3.3.5.5: Authentication Policies are not supported by Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 DCs.

<50> Section 3.3.5.6: DES downgrade protection is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<51> Section 3.3.5.6: Not supported in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003.

<52> Section 3.3.5.6: Claims and FAST are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<53> Section 3.3.5.6: PROTECTED_USERS is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<54> Section 3.3.5.6: Authentication Policies are not supported by Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<55> Section 3.3.5.6.4.1: In Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008 R2, the ExtraSids field is NULL and the UserFlags field is zero.

<56> Section 3.3.5.6.4.3: Active Directory with the msDS-Behavior-Version attribute on a domain NC root object equal to DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2000, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003_WITH_MIXED_DOMAINS, or DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003 cannot support AES.

<57> Section 3.3.5.6.4.5: Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 do not support UPN and DNS information.

<58> Section 3.3.5.6.4.6: For Active Directory with the msDS-Behavior-Version attribute on a domain NC root object equal to DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2000, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003_WITH_MIXED_DOMAINS, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2003, DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2008, or DS_BEHAVIOR_WIN2008R2, KDCs will behave as if 1 is set.

<59> Section 3.3.5.6.4.7: The PAC_ATTRIBUTES_INFO structure is not supported in Windows 7 and earlier or in Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 1 and earlier.

<60> Section 3.3.5.6.4.8: The PAC_REQUESTOR SID is not supported in Windows 7 and earlier or in Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 1 and earlier.

<61> Section 3.3.5.7: DES downgrade protection is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<62> Section 3.3.5.7: When the account is for a computer object and the value of OperatingSystemVersion ([MS-ADA3] section 2.56) is less than 6, KerbSupportedEncryptionTypes is treated as if it were not populated to ensure that newer encryption types are not attempted with Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, which do not support setting KerbSupportedEncryptionTypes.

<63> Section 3.3.5.7: Not supported in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003.

<64> Section 3.3.5.7: Not supported in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003.

<65> Section 3.3.5.7: Claims and FAST are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<66> Section 3.3.5.7: DES downgrade protection is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<67> Section 3.3.5.7: Authentication Policies are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<68> Section 3.3.5.7.1: Windows uses 20 minutes as the time value at which a TGT is verified to be in good standing.

<69> Section 3.3.5.7.3: Resource SID compression is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2008 R2 KDCs.

<70> Section 3.3.5.7.4: Compound identity is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2008 R2 KDCs.

<71> Section 3.3.5.7.5: DES downgrade protection is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, or Windows Server 2012 KDCs.

<72> Section 3.3.5.7.5: The TRUST_ATTRIBUTE_CROSS_ORGANIZATION_ENABLE_TGT_DELEGATION flag is supported on Windows Server 2008 and later when [MSKB-4490425] is installed.

<73> Section 3.3.5.7.6: Not supported in Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003.

<74> Section 3.3.5.7.8: The KERB-KEY-LIST-REQ [161] structure and KERB-KEY-LIST-REP [162] structure padata types are not supported in Windows 10 v1909 or Windows Server v1909 or earlier.

<75> Section 3.4.1: Channel binding is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008.

<76> Section 3.4.3.1: Not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

<77> Section 3.4.5: SPNs with serviceclass string equal to "RestrictedKrbHost" are not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, or Windows Server 2008.

<78> Section 3.4.5: The ApplicationRequiresCBT parameter is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, or Windows Server 2008.

<79> Section 3.4.5: DES downgrade protection is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, or Windows Server 2012.

<80> Section 3.4.5.3: Windows only searches the first AD-IF-RELEVANT container.

<81> Section 3.4.5.3: Claims is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

<82> Section 3.4.5.3: Compound identity is not supported in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2.