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rxGlm: Generalized Linear Models

  • Artigo

Description

Use rxGlm to fit generalized linear regression models for small or large data. Any valid glm family object can be used.

Usage

  rxGlm(formula, data, family = gaussian(),
        pweights = NULL, fweights = NULL, offset = NULL,
        cube = FALSE, variableSelection = list(), rowSelection = NULL, 
        transforms = NULL, transformObjects = NULL,
        transformFunc = NULL, transformVars = NULL, 
        transformPackages = NULL, transformEnvir = NULL,   
        dropFirst = FALSE, dropMain = rxGetOption("dropMain"),
        covCoef = FALSE, computeAIC = FALSE, initialValues = NA, 
        coefLabelStyle = rxGetOption("coefLabelStyle"), 
        blocksPerRead = rxGetOption("blocksPerRead"), 
        maxIterations = 25, coeffTolerance = 1e-06, 
        objectiveFunctionTolerance = 1e-08,
        reportProgress = rxGetOption("reportProgress"), verbose = 0,
        computeContext = rxGetOption("computeContext"),
        ...)

Arguments

formula

formula as described in rxFormula.

data

either a data source object, a character string specifying a .xdf file, or a data frame object.

family

either an object of class family or a character string specifying the family. A family is a description of the error distribution and is associated with a link function to be used in the model. Any valid family object may be used. The following family/link combinations are implemented in C++: binomial/logit, gamma/log, poisson/log, and Tweedie. Other family/link combinations use a combination of C++ and R code. For the Tweedie distribution, use family=rxTweedie(var.power, link.power). It is also possible to use family=tweedie(var.power, link.power) from the R package tweedie.

pweights

character string specifying the variable to use as probability weights for the observations.

fweights

character string specifying the variable to use as frequency weights for the observations.

offset

character string specifying a variable to use as an offset for the model (offset="x"). An offset may also be specified as a term in the formula (offset(x)). An offset is a variable to be included as part of the linear predictor that requires no coefficient.

cube

logical flag. If TRUE and the first term of the predictor variables is categorical (a factor or an interaction of factors), the regression is performed by applying the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell Theorem, which uses a partitioned inverse to save on computation time and memory. See Details section below.

variableSelection

a list specifying various parameters that control aspects of stepwise regression. If it is an empty list (default), no stepwise model selection will be performed. If not, stepwise regression will be performed and cube must be FALSE. See rxStepControl for details.

rowSelection

name of a logical variable in the data set (in quotes) or a logical expression using variables in the data set to specify row selection. For example, rowSelection = "old" will use only observations in which the value of the variable old is TRUE. rowSelection = (age > 20) & (age < 65) & (log(income) > 10) will use only observations in which the value of the age variable is between 20 and 65 and the value of the log of the income variable is greater than 10. The row selection is performed after processing any data transformations (see the arguments transforms or transformFunc). As with all expressions, rowSelection can be defined outside of the function call using the expression function.

transforms

an expression of the form list(name = expression, ...) representing the first round of variable transformations. As with all expressions, transforms (or rowSelection) can be defined outside of the function call using the expression function.

transformObjects

a named list containing objects that can be referenced by transforms, transformsFunc, and rowSelection.

transformFunc

variable transformation function. See rxTransform for details.

transformVars

character vector of input data set variables needed for the transformation function. See rxTransform for details.

transformPackages

character vector defining additional R packages (outside of those specified in rxGetOption("transformPackages")) to be made available and preloaded for use in variable transformation functions, e.g., those explicitly defined in RevoScaleR functions via their transforms and transformFunc arguments or those defined implicitly via their formula or rowSelection arguments. The transformPackages argument may also be NULL, indicating that no packages outside rxGetOption("transformPackages") will be preloaded.

transformEnvir

user-defined environment to serve as a parent to all environments developed internally and used for variable data transformation. If transformEnvir = NULL, a new "hash" environment with parent baseenv() is used instead.

dropFirst

logical flag. If FALSE, the last level is dropped in all sets of factor levels in a model. If that level has no observations (in any of the sets), or if the model as formed is otherwise determined to be singular, then an attempt is made to estimate the model by dropping the first level in all sets of factor levels. If TRUE, the starting position is to drop the first level. Note that for cube regressions, the first set of factors is excluded from these rules and the intercept is dropped.

dropMain

logical value. If TRUE, main-effect terms are dropped before their interactions.

covCoef

logical flag. If TRUE and if cube is FALSE, the variance-covariance matrix of the regression coefficients is returned. Use the rxCovCoef function to obtain these data.

computeAIC

logical flag. If TRUE, the AIC of the fitted model is returned. The default is FALSE.

initialValues

Starting values for the Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares algorithm used to estimate the model coefficients. Supported values for this argument come in three forms:

  • NA - The initial values are based upon the 'mustart' values generated by the family$initialize expression if an R family object is used, or the equivalent for a family coded in C++.
  • Scalar - A numeric scalar that will be replicated once for each of the coefficients in the model to form the initial values. Zeros may be good starting values, depending upon the model.
  • Vector - A numeric vector of length K, where K is the number of model coefficients, including the intercept if any and including any that might be dropped from sets of dummies. This argument is most useful when a set of estimated coefficients is available from a similar set of data. Note that K can be found by running the model on a small number of observations and obtaining the number of coefficients from the output, say z, via length(z$coefficients).

coefLabelStyle

character string specifying the coefficient label style. The default is "Revo". If "R", R-compatible labels are created.

blocksPerRead

number of blocks to read for each chunk of data read from the data source.

maxIterations

maximum number of iterations.

coeffTolerance

convergence tolerance for coefficients. If the maximum absolute change in the coefficients (step), divided by the maximum absolute coefficient value, is less than or equal to this tolerance at the end of an iteration, the estimation is considered to have converged. To disable this test, set this value to 0.

objectiveFunctionTolerance

convergence tolerance for the objective function. If the absolute relative change in the deviance (-2.0 times log likelihood) is less than or equal to this tolerance at the end of an iteration, the estimation is considered to have converged. To disable this test, set this value to 0.

reportProgress

integer value with options:

  • 0: no progress is reported.
  • 1: the number of processed rows is printed and updated.
  • 2: rows processed and timings are reported.
  • 3: rows processed and all timings are reported.

verbose

integer value. If 0, no verbose output is printed during calculations. Integer values from 1 to 4 provide increasing amounts of information are provided.

computeContext

a valid RxComputeContext. The RxSpark and RxHadoopMR compute contexts distribute the computation among the nodes specified by the compute context; for other compute contexts, the computation is distributed if possible on the local computer.

...

additional arguments to be passed directly to the Revolution Compute Engine.

Details

The special function F() can be used in formula to force a variable to be interpreted as a factor.

When cube is TRUE, the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell (FWL) Theorem is applied to the model. The FWL approach parameterizes the model to include one coefficient for each category (a single factor level or combination of factor levels) instead of using an intercept in the model with contrasts for each of the factor combinations. Additionally when cube is TRUE, the output contains a countDF element representing the counts for each category.

Value

an rxGlm object containing the following elements:

coefficients

named vector of coefficients.

covCoef

variance-covariance matrix for the regression coefficient estimates.

condition.number

estimated reciprocal condition number of final weighted cross-product (X'WX) matrix.

rank

numeric rank of the fitted linear model.

aliased

logical vector specifying whether columns were dropped or not due to collinearity.

coef.std.error

standard errors of the coefficients.

coef.t.value

coefficients divided by their standard errors.

coef.p.value

p-values for coef.t.value; for the poisson and binomial families, the dispersion is taken to be 1, and the normal distribution is used (Pr(>|z|)); for other families the dispersion is estimated, and the t distribution is used (Pr(>|t|)).

f.pvalue

the p-value resulting from an F-test on the fitted model.

df

degrees of freedom, a 3-vector (p, n-p, p*), the last being the number of non-aliased coefficients.

fstatistics

(for models including non-intercept terms) a 3-vector with the value of the F-statistic with its numerator and denominator degrees of freedom.

params

parameters sent to Microsoft R Services Compute Engine.

formula

the model formula

call

the matched call.

nValidObs

number of valid observations.

nMissingObs

number of missing observations.

deviance

minus twice the maximized log-likelihood (up to a constant)

dispersion

for the poisson and binomial families, the dispersion is 1; for other families the dispersion is estimated, and is the Pearson chi-squared statistic divided by the residual degrees of freedom.

Note

The generalized linear models are computed using the Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) algorithm.

Author(s)

Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Technical Support

See Also

glm, family, rxLinMod, rxLogit, rxTweedie, rxTransform.

Examples


 # Compare rxGlm and glm, which both can be used on small data sets
 infertRxGlm <- rxGlm(case ~ age + parity + education + spontaneous + induced,
                        family = binomial(), dropFirst = TRUE, data = infert)
 summary(infertRxGlm)

 infertGlm <- glm(case ~ age + parity + education + spontaneous + induced,
                  data = infert, family = binomial()) 
 summary(infertGlm)

 # For the case of the binomial family with the 'logit' link family,
 # the optimized rxLogit function can be used
 infertRxLogit <- rxLogit(case ~ age + parity + education + spontaneous + induced,
                  data = infert, dropFirst = TRUE) 
 summary(infertRxLogit)

 # Estimate a Gamma family model using sample data
 claimsXdf <- file.path(rxGetOption("sampleDataDir"),"claims.xdf")
 claimsGlm <- rxGlm(cost ~ age + car.age + type, family = Gamma,
 dropFirst = TRUE, data = claimsXdf)
 summary(claimsGlm)

 # In the claims data, the cost is set to NA if no claim was made
 # Convert NA to 0 for the cost, to prepare data for using
 # the Tweedie family - which is appropriate for positive data 
 # that also contains exact zeros
 # Read the transformed data into a data frame
 claims <- rxDataStep(inData = claimsXdf, 
            transforms = list(cost = ifelse(is.na(cost), 0, cost)))

 # Estimate using a Tweedie family                           
 claimsTweedie <- rxGlm(cost ~ age + car.age + type , 
     data=claims, family = rxTweedie(var.power =1.15)) 
 summary(claimsTweedie)

 # Illustrate the use of a Tweedie family with offset
 TestData <- data.frame(
     Factor1 = as.factor(c(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)), 
     Factor2 = as.factor(c(1,1,2,2,1,1,2,2)), 
     Discount = c(1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2), 
     Exposure = c(24000,40000,7000,14000,7500,15000,2000,5600), 
     PurePrem = c(46,32,73,58,48,25,220,30)
     )

 rxGlmTweedieOffset <- rxGlm(PurePrem ~ Factor1 * Factor2 - 1 + offset(log(Discount)), 
     family = rxTweedie(var.power = 1.5, link.power = 0), 
     data = TestData, fweights = "Exposure", dropFirst = TRUE, dropMain = FALSE
     )

 ## Not run:

require(statmod)
glmTweedieOffset <- glm(PurePrem ~ Factor1 * Factor2 - 1, 
   family = tweedie(var.power = 1.5, link.power = 0), 
   data = TestData, weights = Exposure, offset = log(Discount)
   )
## End(Not run)