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Set Up Units of Measure

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As part of setting up your Business Central, you set up general units of measure on the Units of Measure page. Then, when you register new items, you specify the base unit of measure on the Item Card page. You can also add units of measure later.

You can set up multiple units of measure for an item:

  • Assign a base unit of measure to the item on the Item Card page. The base unit of measure defines how you store it in inventory and is the basis for conversion to alternate units of measure.
  • Assign alternate units of measure to purchase, production, or sales documents to specify how many units of the base unit of measure you handle at a time in those processes. For example, you might buy the item on pallets and only use single pieces in your production.

If an item is stocked in one unit of measure but produced in another, a production order is created that uses a manufacturing batch unit of measure to calculate the correct quantity of the components during the Refresh Production Order batch job. An example of a manufacturing batch unit of measure calculation is when a manufactured item is stocked in pieces but produced in tons. To learn more, go to Work with Manufacturing Batch Units of Measure.

Another tool that makes it easier to work with multiple units of measure for items is the ability to specify a rounding precision for base units of measure. Specifying a rounding precision provides guidance on what someone should enter for a given business process, and helps reduce rounding issues. When you use alternate units of measure, the value in the Qty. per Unit of Measure field helps calculate the quantity in the base unit of measure, which can lead to rounding issues. For example, imagine you're receiving one box that contains six items. When the box arrives at your warehouse, you discover that one of the six items is missing. You decide not to post the receipt of one box, but instead change the quantity received to five of six pieces. That decision would lead to a receipt of 4.99998 pieces, rather than five. On the Item Units of Measure page, the Quantity Rounding Precision field lets you specify a value that converts the quantity to a number that's easier to understand. Continuing with the example, we would enter 1 in the field to round up to an even five pieces.

To set up units of measure

  1. Choose the Lightbulb that opens the Tell Me feature. icon, enter Units of Measure, and then choose the related link.
  2. Choose the New action. A new empty line is inserted.
  3. Fill in the fields. Hover over a field to read a short description.
  4. If you know that your organization sells items with this unit of measure to customers in other countries/regions, you can add translations.
    1. Select the code for which you want to set up translations, and then choose the Translations action.
    2. In the Language Code field, select the drop-down arrow to see a list of available language codes. Select the language code for which you want to enter a translation, and then choose the OK button to copy the code to the field.
    3. In the Description field, enter the appropriate text.
  5. Repeat the previous steps for any other units of measure that you want to add.

When you register a new item, you can choose the base unit of measure from the list of units of measure that you set up. You can also set up multiple units of measure for an item.

To set up multiple item units of measure

  1. Choose the Lightbulb that opens the Tell Me feature. icon, enter Items, and then choose the related link.

  2. Open the card of the item for which you want to set up alternate units of measure.

  3. Choose the Units of Measure action. The Item Units of Measure page opens.

  4. If the Base Unit of Measure field on the item card is filled, then that unit of measure is already set up.

  5. Choose the New action. A new empty line is inserted.

  6. In the Code field, enter the name of the unit of measure. Alternatively, choose the field to select from the unit of measure codes that are in the database.

  7. In the Qty. per Unit of Measure field, enter how many units of the base unit of measure the new unit of measure contains.

  8. Optionally, in the Height, Width, Length, and Weight fields, specify precise information about the size of one unit of measure so that the Business Central can calculate how many of each item unit can be placed in any given bin. The Cubage field is calculated automatically based on Height, Width, and Length.

    If any of these fields contain a value other than 0, then that measure is used during all processes that involve placing items in a bin: put-away, movements, receipts, shipments, picks, and adjustments. Business Central checks the sum of each physical measure of the items being put away. It also checks the items already in the bin against the maximum size or other measure that can fit into a bin. This information comes from the bin capacity policy on the location card where you store this item. In other words, you must use the same unit measure for each dimension across all item units of measure - use kilograms or pounds for weight, for example, but be consistent.

  9. Repeat steps 5 through 7 to set up all the alternate units of measure that you want to use in different processes for this item.

    In the Base Unit of Measure field at the bottom of the window, you can view or change the item's base unit of measure. You can also change the base unit of measure in the Base Unit of Measure field on the item card. In the Item Units of Measure page, the base unit of measure must have the value 1 in the Qty. per Unit of Measure field.

You can now use the alternate units of measure on purchase, production, and sales documents. To learn more, go to To enter a default unit of measure code for sales and purchasing transactions.

To set up unit of measure translations

When you sell items to foreign customers, you might want to specify the unit of measure in the customer's language. You can do that by specifying translations for units of measure.

  1. Choose the Lightbulb that opens the Tell Me feature. icon, enter Units of Measure, and then choose the related link.
  2. Select the code for which you want to set up translations, and then choose the Translations action.
  3. In the Language Code field, select the drop-down arrow to see a list of available language codes. Select the language code for which you want to enter a translation, and then choose the OK button to copy the code to the field.
  4. In the Description field, enter the appropriate text.
  5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the unit of measure codes and the languages for which you want to enter translations.

To enter a default unit of measure code for sales and purchasing transactions

If you usually buy or sell in units different from the base unit of measure, you can specify separate units of measure for purchases and sales. To use separate units of measure, set up the units of measure on the Item Units of Measure page.

  1. Choose the Lightbulb that opens the Tell Me feature. icon, enter Items, and then choose the related link.
  2. Open the relevant item card for which you want to specify a default sales or purchase unit of measure code.
  3. For sales, on the Invoicing FastTab, in the Sales Unit of Measure field, open the Item Units of Measure page.
  4. For purchasing, on the Replenishment FastTab, in the Purch. Unit of Measure field, open the Item Units of Measure page.
  5. Select the code you want to set up as the default unit of measure for sales or purchasing respectively, and then choose the OK button.

See also

Work with Manufacturing Batch Units of Measure
Register New Items
Managing Inventory
Managing Purchasing
Managing Sales
Work with Business Central

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