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Como dar suporte à interoperabilidade COM exibindo cada Formulário do Windows em seu próprio thread

  • Artigo

Você pode resolver problemas de interoperabilidade COM exibindo seu formulário em um loop de mensagem do .NET Framework, que pode ser criado usando o método Application.Run.

Para fazer com que um Windows Form funcione corretamente de um aplicativo cliente COM, você deve executar o formulário em um loop de mensagem do Windows Forms. Para fazer isso, use uma das seguintes abordagens:

Há amplo suporte para esse recurso no Visual Studio.

Consulte também passo a passo: suporte à interoperabilidade COM exibindo cada formulário do Windows em seu próprio thread.

Exemplo

O exemplo de código a seguir demonstra como exibir o formulário em um thread separado e chamar o método Application.Run para iniciar uma bomba de mensagem do Windows Forms nesse thread. Para usar essa abordagem, você deve organizar as chamadas para o formulário do aplicativo não gerenciado usando o método Invoke.

Essa abordagem requer que cada instância de um formulário seja executada em seu próprio thread usando seu próprio loop de mensagem. Você não pode ter mais de um loop de mensagem em execução por thread. Portanto, você não pode alterar o loop de mensagens do aplicativo cliente. No entanto, você pode modificar o componente do .NET Framework para iniciar um novo thread que usa seu próprio loop de mensagem.

Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

<ComClass(COMForm.ClassId, COMForm.InterfaceId, COMForm.EventsId)> _
Public Class COMForm

#Region "COM GUIDs"
    ' These  GUIDs provide the COM identity for this class 
    ' and its COM interfaces. If you change them, existing 
    ' clients will no longer be able to access the class.
    Public Const ClassId As String = "1b49fe33-7c93-41ae-9dc7-8ac4d823286a"
    Public Const InterfaceId As String = "11651e1f-6db0-4c9e-b644-dcb79e6de2f6"
    Public Const EventsId As String = "7e61f977-b39d-47a6-8f34-f743c65ae3a3"
#End Region

    ' A creatable COM class must have a Public Sub New() 
    ' with no parameters, otherwise, the class will not be 
    ' registered in the COM registry and cannot be created 
    ' via CreateObject.
    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
    End Sub

    Private WithEvents frmManager As FormManager

    Public Sub ShowForm1()
        ' Call the StartForm method by using a new instance
        ' of the Form1 class.
        StartForm(New Form1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub StartForm(ByVal frm As Form)

        ' This procedure is used to show all forms
        ' that the client application requests. When the first form
        ' is displayed, this code will create a new message
        ' loop that runs on a new thread. The new form will
        ' be treated as the main form.

        ' Later forms will be shown on the same message loop.
        If IsNothing(frmManager) Then
            frmManager = New FormManager(frm)
        Else
            frmManager.ShowForm(frm)
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub frmManager_MessageLoopExit() _
    Handles frmManager.MessageLoopExit

        'Release the reference to the frmManager object.
        frmManager = Nothing

    End Sub

End Class

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Windows.Forms

<ComVisible(False)> _
Friend Class FormManager
    ' This class is used so that you can generically pass any
    ' form that you want to the delegate.

    Private WithEvents appContext As ApplicationContext
    Private Delegate Sub FormShowDelegate(ByVal form As Form)
    Event MessageLoopExit()

    Public Sub New(ByVal MainForm As Form)
        Dim t As Thread
        If IsNothing(appContext) Then
            appContext = New ApplicationContext(MainForm)
            t = New Thread(AddressOf StartMessageLoop)
            t.IsBackground = True
            t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
            t.Start()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub StartMessageLoop()
        ' Call the Application.Run method to run the form on its own message loop.
        Application.Run(appContext)
    End Sub

    Public Sub ShowForm(ByVal form As Form)

        Dim formShow As FormShowDelegate

        ' Start the main form first. Otherwise, focus will stay on the 
        ' calling form.
        appContext.MainForm.Activate()

        ' Create a new instance of the FormShowDelegate method, and
        ' then invoke the delegate off the MainForm object.
        formShow = New FormShowDelegate( _
        AddressOf ShowFormOnMainForm_MessageLoop)

        appContext.MainForm.Invoke(formShow, New Object() {form})
    End Sub

    Private Sub ShowFormOnMainForm_MessageLoop(ByVal form As Form)
        form.Show()
    End Sub

    Private Sub ac_ThreadExit( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles appContext.ThreadExit
        appContext.MainForm.Dispose()
        appContext.MainForm = Nothing
        appContext.Dispose()
        appContext = Nothing
        RaiseEvent MessageLoopExit()
    End Sub
End Class

Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private Sub Button1_Click( _
    ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Button1.Click
        MessageBox.Show("Clicked button")
    End Sub

    'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCode()> _
    Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If disposing AndAlso components IsNot Nothing Then
            components.Dispose()
        End If
        MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub

    'Required by the Windows Form Designer
    Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer

    'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
    'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.  
    'Do not modify it using the code editor.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> _
    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        Me.TextBox1 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.TextBox2 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.TextBox3 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.Button1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button
        Me.SuspendLayout()
        '
        'TextBox1
        '
        Me.TextBox1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 12)
        Me.TextBox1.Name = "TextBox1"
        Me.TextBox1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox1.TabIndex = 0
        '
        'TextBox2
        '
        Me.TextBox2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 38)
        Me.TextBox2.Name = "TextBox2"
        Me.TextBox2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox2.TabIndex = 1
        '
        'TextBox3
        '
        Me.TextBox3.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 66)
        Me.TextBox3.Name = "TextBox3"
        Me.TextBox3.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox3.TabIndex = 2
        '
        'Button1
        '
        Me.Button1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 92)
        Me.Button1.Name = "Button1"
        Me.Button1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 23)
        Me.Button1.TabIndex = 3
        Me.Button1.Text = "Command"
        Me.Button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True
        '
        'Form1
        '
        Me.AutoScaleDimensions = New System.Drawing.SizeF(6.0!, 13.0!)
        Me.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(132, 146)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.Button1)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox3)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox2)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox1)
        Me.Name = "Form1"
        Me.Text = "Form1"
        Me.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.PerformLayout()

    End Sub
    Friend WithEvents TextBox1 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents TextBox2 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents TextBox3 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button

End Class

Compilar o código

Compile os tipos COMForm, Form1e FormManager em um assembly chamado COMWinform.dll. Registre o assembly para interoperabilidade COM usando um dos métodos descritos em Empacotar um assembly para COM. Agora você pode usar o assembly e seu arquivo de biblioteca de tipos correspondente (.tlb) em aplicativos não gerenciados. Por exemplo, você pode usar a biblioteca de tipos como referência em um projeto executável do Visual Basic 6.0.

Consulte também