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Administer a Server Core server

As Server Core doesn't have a UI, you need to use Windows PowerShell cmdlets, command line tools, or remote tools to perform basic administration tasks. The following sections outline the PowerShell cmdlets and commands used for basic tasks. You can also use Windows Admin Center, a unified management portal currently in public preview, to administer your installation.

Administrative tasks using PowerShell cmdlets

Use the following information to perform basic administrative tasks with Windows PowerShell cmdlets.

Set a static IP address

When you install a Server Core server, it has a DHCP address by default. If you need a static IP address, you can set it using the following steps.

  • To view your current network configuration, use Get-NetIPConfiguration.

  • To view the IP addresses you're already using, use Get-NetIPAddress.

To set a static IP address, perform the following steps:

  1. Run Get-NetIPInterface.

  2. Note the number in the IfIndex column for your IP interface or the InterfaceDescription string. If you have more than one network adapter, note the number or string corresponding to the interface you want to set the static IP address for.

  3. Run the following cmdlet to set the static IP address:

    New-NetIPaddress -InterfaceIndex 12 -IPAddress 192.0.2.2 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.0.2.1

    where:

    • InterfaceIndex is the value of IfIndex from step 2. (In this example, 12)
    • IPAddress is the static IP address you want to set. (In this example, 191.0.2.2)
    • PrefixLength is the prefix length which is another form of subnet mask for the IP address you're setting. (For this example, 24)
    • DefaultGateway is the IP address to the default gateway. (For this example, 192.0.2.1)

  4. Run the following cmdlet to set the DNS client server address:

    Set-DNSClientServerAddress –InterfaceIndex 12 -ServerAddresses 192.0.2.4

    where:

    • InterfaceIndex is the value of IfIndex from step 2.
    • ServerAddresses is the IP address of your DNS server.

  5. To add multiple DNS servers, run the following command:

    Set-DNSClientServerAddress –InterfaceIndex 12 -ServerAddresses 192.0.2.4,192.0.2.5

    where, in this example, 192.0.2.4 and 192.0.2.5 are both IP addresses of DNS servers.

Set DHCP IP address

If you need to switch to DHCP, run the following command:

Set-DnsClientServerAddress –InterfaceIndex 12 –ResetServerAddresses

Join a domain

Use the following cmdlets to join a computer to a domain.

  1. Run Add-Computer. You're prompted for both credentials to join the domain and the domain name.

  2. If you need to add a domain user account to the local Administrators group, run the following command:

    net localgroup administrators /add <DomainName>\<UserName> & shutdown /r /t 0

Rename the server

Use the following steps to rename the server.

  1. Determine the current name of the server with the hostname or ipconfig command.

  2. Run the following command:

    Rename-Computer -NewName "NewName" -Force | Restart-Computer -Force

Activate the server

Run slmgr.vbs –ipk\productkey. Then run slmgr.vbs –ato. Successful activation doesn't produce a notification upon completion.

Note

You can also activate the server by phone, using a Key Management Service (KMS) server, or remotely. To activate remotely, run the following cmdlet from a remote computer:

cscript windows\system32\slmgr.vbs <ServerName> <UserName> <password>:-ato

Configure Windows Firewall

You can configure Windows Firewall locally on the Server Core computer using Windows PowerShell cmdlets and scripts. See NetSecurity for the cmdlets you can use to configure Windows Firewall.

Enable Windows PowerShell remoting

You can enable Windows PowerShell Remoting, in which commands typed in Windows PowerShell on one computer run on another computer. Enable Windows PowerShell Remoting with Enable-PSRemoting.

For more information, see About Remote FAQ.

Administrative tasks from the command line

Use the following reference information to perform administrative tasks from the command line.

Configuration and installation commands

Task Command
Set the local administrative password net user administrator *
Join a computer to a domain netdom join %computername% /domain:<domain> /userd:<domain>\<username> /passwordd:<password>

Restart the computer.
Confirm that the domain has changed set
Remove a computer from a domain netdom remove <computername>
Add a user to the local Administrators group net localgroup Administrators /add <domain>\<username>
Remove a user from the local Administrators group net localgroup Administrators /delete <domain>\<username>
Add a user to the local computer net user <domain>\<username> * /add
Add a group to the local computer net localgroup <group name> /add
Change the name of a domain-joined computer netdom renamecomputer %computername% /NewName:<new computer name> /userd:<domain>\<username> /passwordd:<password>
Confirm the new computer name set
Change the name of a computer in a work group netdom renamecomputer <currentcomputername> /NewName:<newcomputername>

Restart the computer.
Disable paging file management wmic computersystem where name="<computername>" set AutomaticManagedPagefile=False
Configure the paging file wmic pagefileset where name="<path/filename>" set InitialSize=<initialsize>,MaximumSize=<maxsize>

Where <path/filename> is the path to and name of the paging file, is the starting size of the paging file in bytes, and maxsize is the maximum size of the page file in bytes.
Change to a static IP address Record the relevant information or redirect it to a text file: ipconfig /all >ipconfig.txt

Verify that there's an interface list: netsh interface ipv4 set address <Name ID from interface list> source=static address=<preferred IP address> gateway=<gateway address>

Run ipconfig /all to verify that DHCP enabled is set to No.
Set a static DNS address. netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=<name or ID of the network interface card> address=<IP address of the primary DNS server> index=1

netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=<name of secondary DNS server> address=<IP address of the secondary DNS server> index=2

Repeat as appropriate to add additional servers. Run ipconfig /all to verify that the addresses are correct.
Change to a DHCP-provided IP address from a static IP address netsh interface ipv4 set address name=<IP address of local system> source=DHCP

Run ipconfig /all to verify that DCHP enabled is set to Yes.
Enter a product key slmgr.vbs –ipk <product key>
Activate the server locally slmgr.vbs -ato
Activate the server remotely cscript slmgr.vbs –ipk <product key><server name><username><password>

cscript slmgr.vbs -ato <servername> <username> <password>

Get the GUID of the computer by running cscript slmgr.vbs -did, then run cscript slmgr.vbs -dli <GUID>

Verify that License status is set to Licensed (activated).

Networking and firewall commands

Task Command
Configure your server to use a proxy server netsh Winhttp set proxy <servername>:<port number>

Server Core installations can't access the Internet through a proxy that requires a password to allow connections.
Configure your server to bypass the proxy for Internet addresses netsh winhttp set proxy <servername>:<port number> bypass-list="<local>"
Display or modify IPSEC configuration netsh ipsec
Display or modify NAP configuration netsh nap
Display or modify IP to physical address translation arp
Display or configure the local routing table route
View or configure DNS server settings nslookup
Display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections netstat
Display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT) nbtstat
Display hops for network connections pathping
Trace hops for network connections tracert
Display the configuration of the multicast router mrinfo
Enable remote administration of the firewall netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="Windows Defender Firewall Remote Management" new enable=yes

System updates and error reporting commands

Task Command
Install an update wusa \<update\>.msu /quiet
List installed updates systeminfo
Remove an update expand /f: <update>.msu c:\test

Navigate to c:\test\ and open <update>.xml in a text editor. Replace Install with Remove and save the file.

Then run pkgmgr /n:<update>.xml
Configure automatic updates To verify the current setting: cscript %systemroot%\system32\scregedit.wsf /AU /v

To enable automatic updates: cscript scregedit.wsf /AU 4

To disable automatic updates: cscript %systemroot%\system32\scregedit.wsf /AU 1
Enable error reporting To verify the current setting: serverWerOptin /query

To automatically send detailed reports: serverWerOptin /detailed

To automatically send summary reports: serverWerOptin /summary

To disable error reporting: serverWerOptin /disable
Participate in the Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) To verify the current setting: serverCEIPOptin /query

To enable CEIP: serverCEIPOptin /enable

To disable CEIP: serverCEIPOptin /disable

Services, processes, and performance commands

Task Command
List the running services sc query or
net start
Start a service sc start <service name> or
net start <service name>
Stop a service sc stop <service name> or
net stop <service name>
Retrieve a list of running applications and associated processes tasklist
Start Task Manager taskmgr
Create and manage event trace session and performance logs To create a counter, trace, configuration data collection, or API: logman create

To query data collector properties: logman query

To start or stop data collection:
logman start
logman stop

To delete a collector: logman delete

To update the properties of a collector: logman update

To import a data collector set from an XML file or export it to an XML file: logman import
logman export

Event log commands

Task Command
List event logs wevtutil el
Query events in a specified log wevtutil qe /f:text <log name>
Export an event log wevtutil epl <log name>
Clear an event log wevtutil cl <log name>

Hardware driver commands

Task Command
Add a driver for a new hardware device Copy the driver to a folder at %homedrive%<driver folder>.

Run pnputil -i -a %homedrive%\<driver folder>\<driver\<.inf>
Remove a driver for a hardware device For a list of loaded drivers, run sc query type= driver.

Then run sc delete <service_name>