Import Bulk Data by Using BULK INSERT or OPENROWSET(BULK...) (SQL Server)
This topic provides an overview of how to use the Transact-SQL BULK INSERT statement and the INSERT...SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK...) statement to bulk import data from a data file into a SQL Server table. This topic also describes security considerations for using BULK INSERT and OPENROWSET(BULK…), and using these methods to bulk import from a remote data source.
[!UWAGA]
When you use BULK INSERT or OPENROWSET(BULK…), it is important to understand how SQL Server version handles impersonation. For more information, see "Security Considerations," later in this topic.
BULK INSERT Statement
BULK INSERT loads data from a data file into a table. This functionality is similar to that provided by the in option of the bcp command; however, the data file is read by the SQL Server process. For a description of the BULK INSERT syntax, see BULK INSERT (Transact-SQL).
Examples
For BULK INSERT examples, see:
Examples of Bulk Import and Export of XML Documents (SQL Server)
Keep Nulls or Use Default Values During Bulk Import (SQL Server)
Use Unicode Character Format to Import or Export Data (SQL Server)
Use Unicode Native Format to Import or Export Data (SQL Server)
Use a Format File to Map Table Columns to Data-File Fields (SQL Server)
OPENROWSET(BULK…) Function
The OPENROWSET bulk rowset provider is accessed by calling the OPENROWSET function and specifying the BULK option. The OPENROWSET(BULK…) function allows you to access remote data by connecting to a remote data source, such as a data file, through an OLE DB provider.
To bulk import data, call OPENROWSET(BULK…) from a SELECT…FROM clause within an INSERT statement. The basic syntax for bulk importing data is:
INSERT ... SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK...)
When used in an INSERT statement, OPENROWSET(BULK...) supports table hints. In addition to the regular table hints, such as TABLOCK, the BULK clause can accept the following specialized table hints: IGNORE_CONSTRAINTS (ignores only the CHECK constraints), IGNORE_TRIGGERS, KEEPDEFAULTS, and KEEPIDENTITY. For more information, see Table Hints (Transact-SQL).
For information about additional uses of the BULK option, see OPENROWSET (Transact-SQL).
Examples
For examples of INSERT...SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK...) statements, see the following topics:
Examples of Bulk Import and Export of XML Documents (SQL Server)
Keep Nulls or Use Default Values During Bulk Import (SQL Server)
Use a Format File to Map Table Columns to Data-File Fields (SQL Server)
Security Considerations
If a user uses a SQL Server login, the security profile of the SQL Server process account is used. A login using SQL Server authentication cannot be authenticated outside of the Database Engine. Therefore, when a BULK INSERT command is initiated by a login using SQL Server authentication, the connection to the data is made using the security context of the SQL Server process account (the account used by the SQL Server Database Engine service). To successfully read the source data you must grant the account used by the SQL Server Database Engine, access to the source data.In contrast, if a SQL Server user logs on by using Windows Authentication, the user can read only those files that can be accessed by the user account, regardless of the security profile of the SQL Server process.
For example, consider a user who logged in to an instance of SQL Server by using Windows Authentication. For the user to be able to use BULK INSERT or OPENROWSET to import data from a data file into a SQL Server table, the user account requires read access to the data file. With access to the data file, the user can import data from the file into a table even if the SQL Server process does not have permission to access the file. The user does not have to grant file-access permission to the SQL Server process.
SQL Server and Microsoft Windows can be configured to enable an instance of SQL Server to connect to another instance of SQL Server by forwarding the credentials of an authenticated Windows user. This arrangement is known as impersonation or delegation. Understanding how SQL Server version handle security for user impersonation is important when you use BULK INSERT or OPENROWSET. User impersonation allows the data file to reside on a different computer than either the SQL Server process or the user. For example, if a user on Computer_A has access to a data file on Computer_B, and the delegation of credentials has been set appropriately, the user can connect to an instance of SQL Server that is running on Computer_C, access the data file on Computer_B, and bulk import data from that file into a table on Computer_C.
Bulk Importing from a Remote Data File
To use BULK INSERT or INSERT...SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK...) to bulk import data from another computer, the data file must be shared between the two computers. To specify a shared data file, use its universal naming convention (UNC) name, which takes the general form, **\\Servername\Sharename\Path\**Filename. Additionally, the account used to access the data file must have the permissions that are required for reading the file on the remote disk.
For example, the following BULK INSERT statement bulk imports data into the SalesOrderDetail table of the AdventureWorks database from a data file that is named newdata.txt. This data file resides in a shared folder named \dailyorders on a network share directory named salesforce on a system named computer2.
BULK INSERT AdventureWorks2012.Sales.SalesOrderDetail
FROM '\\computer2\salesforce\dailyorders\neworders.txt';
GO
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This restriction does not apply to the bcp utility because the client reads the file independently of SQL Server.