SQL Server Agent Fixed Database Roles
SQL Server 2005 introduces the following msdb database fixed database roles, which give administrators finer control over access to SQL Server Agent. The roles listed from least to most privileged access are:
- SQLAgentUserRole
- SQLAgentReaderRole
- SQLAgentOperatorRole
When users who are not members of one of these roles are connected to SQL Server in SQL Server Management Studio, the SQL Server Agent node in Object Explorer is not visible. A user must be a member of one of these fixed database roles or a member of the sysadmin fixed server role to use SQL Server Agent.
Permissions of SQL Server Agent Fixed Database Roles
The SQL Server Agent database role permissions are concentric in relation to one another -- more privileged roles inherit the permissions of less privileged roles on SQL Server Agent objects (including alerts, operators, jobs, schedules, and proxies). For example, if members of least-privileged SQLAgentUserRole have been granted access to proxy_A, members of both SQLAgentReaderRole and SQLAgentOperatorRole automatically have access to this proxy even though access to proxy_A has not been explicitly granted to them. This may have security implications, which are discussed in the following sections about each role.
SQLAgentUserRole Permissions
SQLAgentUserRole is the least privileged of the SQL Server Agent fixed database roles. It has permissions on only operators, local jobs, and job schedules. Members of SQLAgentUserRole have permissions on only local jobs and job schedules that they own. They cannot use multiserver jobs (master and target server jobs), and they cannot change job ownership to gain access to jobs that they do not already own. SQLAgentUserRole members can view a list of available proxies only in the Job Step Properties dialog box of SQL Server Management Studio. Only the Jobs node in SQL Server Management Studio Object Explorer is visible to members of SQLAgentUserRole.
.gif "ms188283.security(en-US,SQL.90).gif") Security Note: |
|---|
| Consider the security implications before granting proxy access to members of the SQL Server Agentdatabaseroles. The SQLAgentReaderRole and the SQLAgentOperatorRole are automatically members of the SQLAgentUserRole. This means that members of SQLAgentReaderRole and SQLAgentOperatorRole have access to all SQL Server Agent proxies that have been granted to the SQLAgentUserRole and can use those proxies. |
The following table summarizes SQLAgentUserRole permissions on SQL Server Agent objects.
| Action | Operators | Local jobs (owned jobs only) | Job schedules (owned schedules only) | Proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Create/modify/delete |
No |
Yes 1 |
Yes |
No |
View list (enumerate) |
Yes 2 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes 3 |
Enable/disable |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Not applicable |
View properties |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Execute/stop/start |
Not applicable |
Yes |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
View job history |
Not applicable |
Yes |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Delete job history |
Not applicable |
No 4 |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Attach/detach |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes |
Not applicable |
1 Cannot change job ownership.
2 Can get list of available operators for use in sp_notify_operator and the Job Properties dialog box of Management Studio.
3 List of proxies only available in the Job Step Properties dialog box of Management Studio.
4 Members of SQLAgentUserRole must explicitly be granted the EXECUTE permission on sp_purge_jobhistory to delete job history on jobs that they own. They cannot delete job history for any other jobs.
SQLAgentReaderRole Permissions
SQLAgentReaderRole includes all the SQLAgentUserRole permissions as well as permissions to view the list of available multiserver jobs, their properties, and their history. Members of this role can also view the list of all available jobs and job schedules and their properties, not just those jobs and job schedules that they own. SQLAgentReaderRole members cannot change job ownership to gain access to jobs that they do not already own. Only the Jobs node in SQL Server Management Studio Object Explorer is visible to members of the SQLAgentReaderRole.
| Security Note: |
|---|
| Consider the security implications before granting proxy access to members of the SQL Server Agentdatabaseroles. Members of SQLAgentReaderRole are automatically members of the SQLAgentUserRole. This means that members of SQLAgentReaderRole have access to all SQL Server Agent proxies that have been granted to SQLAgentUserRole and can use those proxies. |
The following table summarizes SQLAgentReaderRole permissions on SQL Server Agent objects.
| Action | Operators | Local jobs | Multiserver jobs | Job schedules | Proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Create/modify/delete |
No |
Yes 1 (owned jobs only) |
No |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
No |
View list (enumerate) |
Yes 2 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes 3 |
Enable/disable |
No |
Yes (owned jobs only) |
No |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
Not applicable |
View properties |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Edit properties |
No |
Yes (owned jobs only) |
No |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
No |
Execute/stop/start |
Not applicable |
Yes (owned jobs only) |
No |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
View job history |
Not applicable |
Yes |
Yes |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Delete job history |
Not applicable |
No 4 |
No |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Attach/detach |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
Not applicable |
1 Cannot change job ownership.
2 Can get list of available operators for use in sp_notify_operator and the Job Properties dialog box of Management Studio.
3 List of proxies only available in the Job Step Properties dialog box of Management Studio.
4 Members of SQLAgentReaderRole must explicitly be granted the EXECUTE permission on sp_purge_jobhistory to delete job history on jobs that they own. They cannot delete job history for any other jobs.
SQLAgentOperatorRole Permissions
SQLAgentOperatorRole is the most privileged of the SQL Server Agent fixed database roles. It includes all the permissions of SQLAgentUserRole and SQLAgentReaderRole. Members of this role can also view properties for operators and proxies, and enumerate available proxies and alerts on the server.
SQLAgentOperatorRole members have additional permissions on local jobs and schedules. They can execute, stop, or start all local jobs, and they can delete the job history for any local job on the server. They can also enable or disable all local jobs and schedules on the server. To enable or disable local jobs or schedules, members of this role must use the stored procedures sp_update_job and sp_update_schedule. Only the parameters that specify the job or schedule name or identifier and the @enabled parameter can be specified by members of SQLAgentOperatorRole. If they specify any other parameters, execution of these stored procedures fails. SQLAgentOperatorRole members cannot change job ownership to gain access to jobs that they do not already own.
The Jobs, Alerts, Operators, and Proxies nodes in SQL Server Management Studio Object Explorer are visible to members of SQLAgentOperatorRole. Only the Error Logs node is not visible to members of this role.
| Security Note: |
|---|
| Consider the security implications before granting proxy access to members of the SQL Server Agentdatabaseroles. Members of SQLAgentOperatorRole are automatically members of SQLAgentUserRole and SQLAgentReaderRole. This means that members of SQLAgentOperatorRole have access to all SQL Server Agent proxies that have been granted to either SQLAgentUserRole or SQLAgentReaderRole and can use those proxies. |
The following table summarizes SQLAgentOperatorRole permissions on SQL Server Agent objects.
| Action | Alerts | Operators | Local jobs | Multiserver jobs | Job schedules | Proxies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Create/modify/delete |
No |
No |
Yes 2 (owned jobs only) |
No |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
No |
View list (enumerate) |
Yes |
Yes 1 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Enable/disable |
No |
No |
Yes 3 |
No |
Yes 4 |
Not applicable |
View properties |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Edit properties |
No |
No |
Yes (owned jobs only) |
No |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
No |
Execute/stop/start |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes |
No |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
View job history |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes |
Yes |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Delete job history |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes |
No |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Attach/detach |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Yes (owned schedules only) |
Not applicable |
1 Can get list of available operators for use in sp_notify_operator and the Job Properties dialog box of Management Studio.
2 Cannot change job ownership.
3SQLAgentOperatorRole members can enable or disable local jobs they do not own by using the stored procedure sp_update_job and specifying values for the @enabled and the @job_id (or @job_name) parameters. If a member of this role specifies any other parameters for this stored procedure, execution of the procedure will fail.
4SQLAgentOperatorRole members can enable or disable schedules they do not own by using the stored procedure sp_update_schedule and specifying values for the @enabled and the @schedule_id (or @name) parameters. If a member of this role specifies any other parameters for this stored procedure, execution of the procedure will fail.
Assigning Users Multiple Roles
Members of the sysadmin fixed server role have access to all SQL Server Agent functionality. If a user is not a member of the sysadmin role, but is a member of more than one SQL Server Agent fixed database role, it is important to remember the concentric permissions model of these roles. Because more privileged roles always contain all the permissions of less privileged roles, a user who is a member of more than one role automatically has the permissions associated with the most privileged role that the user is a member of.
See Also
Concepts
Implementing SQL Server Agent Security
Other Resources
sp_update_job (Transact-SQL)
sp_update_schedule (Transact-SQL)
sp_notify_operator (Transact-SQL)
sp_purge_jobhistory (Transact-SQL)