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Samouczek: przygotowywanie usługi Angular SPA do uwierzytelniania w dzierżawie zewnętrznej

Ten samouczek jest częścią 2 serii, która demonstruje tworzenie jednostronicowej aplikacji angular (zabezpieczanie uprzywilejowanego dostępu (SPA)) i przygotowanie jej do uwierzytelniania przy użyciu centrum administracyjnego firmy Microsoft Entra. W części 1 tej serii zarejestrowano aplikację i skonfigurowano przepływy użytkowników w dzierżawie zewnętrznej. W tym samouczku pokazano, jak utworzyć spa angular przy użyciu npm i utworzyć pliki potrzebne do uwierzytelniania i autoryzacji.

W tym samouczku;

  • Tworzenie projektu Angular w programie Visual Studio Code
  • Konfigurowanie interfejsu użytkownika dla aplikacji
  • Konfigurowanie składników domowych i chronionych

Wymagania wstępne

Tworzenie projektu Angular

W tej sekcji utworzymy nowy projekt Angular przy użyciu interfejsu wiersza polecenia platformy Angular w programie Visual Studio Code.

  1. Otwórz program Visual Studio Code, wybierz pozycję Plik>Otwórz folder.... Przejdź do i wybierz lokalizację, w której chcesz utworzyć projekt.

  2. Otwórz nowy terminal, wybierając pozycję Terminal>Nowy terminal.

  3. Uruchom następujące polecenia, aby utworzyć nowy projekt Angular o nazwie angularspalocal, zainstalować biblioteki składników Angular Material, MSAL Browser, MSAL Angular i wygenerować składniki domowe i chronione.

    npm install -g @angular/cli@14.2.0
    ng new angularspalocal --routing=true --style=css --strict=false
    cd angularspalocal
    npm install @angular/material@13.0.0 @angular/cdk@13.0.0
    npm install @azure/msal-browser@2.37.0 @azure/msal-angular@2.5.7
    ng generate component home
    ng generate component guarded
    

Konfigurowanie elementów interfejsu użytkownika

Poniższe kroki umożliwiają skonfigurowanie elementów interfejsu użytkownika aplikacji. Styl CSS jest dodawany do aplikacji w celu zdefiniowania kolorów i czcionek. Nagłówek i stopka aplikacji są definiowane w pliku HTML, a styl CSS jest dodawany do strony głównej aplikacji.

  1. Otwórz plik src/styles.css i zastąp istniejący kod następującym fragmentem kodu.

    @import '~@angular/material/prebuilt-themes/deeppurple-amber.css';
    html, body { height: 100%; }
    body { margin: 0; font-family: Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; }
    
  2. Otwórz src/app/app.component.html i zastąp istniejący kod następującym fragmentem kodu.

      <mat-toolbar color="primary">
          <a class="title" href="/">{{ title }}</a>
          <div class="toolbar-spacer"></div>
          <a mat-button [routerLink]="['guarded']">Guarded Component</a>
          <button mat-raised-button *ngIf="!loginDisplay" (click)="login()">Login</button>
          <button mat-raised-button color="accent" *ngIf="loginDisplay" (click)="logout()">Logout</button>
        </mat-toolbar>
        <div class="container">
          <!--This is to avoid reload during acquireTokenSilent() because of hidden iframe -->
          <router-outlet *ngIf="!isIframe"></router-outlet>
        </div>
        <footer *ngIf="loginDisplay">
          <mat-toolbar>
            <div class="footer-text"> How did we do? <a
                href="https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=v4j5cvGGr0GRqy180BHbR_ivMYEeUKlEq8CxnMPgdNZUNDlUTTk2NVNYQkZSSjdaTk5KT1o4V1VVNS4u"
                target="_blank"> Share your experience with us!</a>
            </div>
          </mat-toolbar>
        </footer>
    
  3. Otwórz plik src/app/app.component.css i zastąp kod poniższym fragmentem kodu.

    .toolbar-spacer {
      flex: 1 1 auto;
    }
    
    a.title {
      color: white;
    }
    
    footer {
      position: fixed;
      left: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      color: white;
      text-align: center;
    }
    
    .footer-text {
      font-size: small;
      text-align: center;
      flex: 1 1 auto;
    }
    

Konfigurowanie składników aplikacji

W tej sekcji skonfigurujesz składniki główne i chronione aplikacji. Składnik główny to strona docelowa aplikacji, a chroniony składnik to strona, która jest dostępna tylko dla uwierzytelnionych użytkowników.

  1. Otwórz plik src/app/home/home.component.ts i zastąp istniejący kod poniższym fragmentem kodu.

    import { Component, Inject, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
    import { Subject } from 'rxjs';
    import { filter } from 'rxjs/operators';
    
    import { MsalBroadcastService, MsalGuardConfiguration, MsalService, MSAL_GUARD_CONFIG } from '@azure/msal-angular';
    import { AuthenticationResult, InteractionStatus, InteractionType } from '@azure/msal-browser';
    
    import { createClaimsTable } from '../claim-utils';
    
    @Component({
      selector: 'app-home',
      templateUrl: './home.component.html',
      styleUrls: ['./home.component.css'],
    })
    export class HomeComponent implements OnInit {
      loginDisplay = false;
      dataSource: any = [];
      displayedColumns: string[] = ['claim', 'value', 'description'];
    
      private readonly _destroying$ = new Subject<void>();
    
      constructor(
        @Inject(MSAL_GUARD_CONFIG)
        private msalGuardConfig: MsalGuardConfiguration,
        private authService: MsalService,
        private msalBroadcastService: MsalBroadcastService
      ) { }
    
      ngOnInit(): void {
    
        this.msalBroadcastService.inProgress$
          .pipe(
            filter((status: InteractionStatus) => status === InteractionStatus.None)
          )
          .subscribe(() => {
            this.setLoginDisplay();
            this.getClaims(
              this.authService.instance.getActiveAccount()?.idTokenClaims
            );
          });
      }
    
      setLoginDisplay() {
        this.loginDisplay = this.authService.instance.getAllAccounts().length > 0;
      }
    
      getClaims(claims: any) {
        if (claims) {
          const claimsTable = createClaimsTable(claims);
          this.dataSource = [...claimsTable];
        }
      }
    
      signUp() {
        if (this.msalGuardConfig.interactionType === InteractionType.Popup) {
          this.authService.loginPopup({
            scopes: [],
            prompt: 'create',
          })
            .subscribe((response: AuthenticationResult) => {
              this.authService.instance.setActiveAccount(response.account);
            });
        } else {
          this.authService.loginRedirect({
            scopes: [],
            prompt: 'create',
          });
        }
    
      }
    
      // unsubscribe to events when component is destroyed
      ngOnDestroy(): void {
        this._destroying$.next(undefined);
        this._destroying$.complete();
      }
    }
    
  2. Otwórz src/app/home/home.component.html i zastąp istniejący kod poniższym fragmentem kodu. Ten kod definiuje elementy HTML strony głównej aplikacji.

    <mat-card class="card-section" *ngIf="!loginDisplay">
      <mat-card-title>Angular single-page application built with MSAL Angular</mat-card-title>
      <mat-card-subtitle>Sign in with Microsoft Entra External ID</mat-card-subtitle>
      <mat-card-content>This sample demonstrates how to configure MSAL Angular to sign up, sign in and sign out with Microsoft Entra External ID</mat-card-content>
      <button mat-raised-button color="primary" (click)="signUp()">Sign up</button>
    </mat-card>
    <br>
    <p class="text-center" *ngIf="loginDisplay"> See below the claims in your <strong> ID token </strong>. For more
      information, visit: <span>
        <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/id-tokens#claims-in-an-id-token">
          docs.microsoft.com </a>
      </span>
    </p>
    <div id="table-container">
      <table mat-table [dataSource]="dataSource" class="mat-elevation-z8" *ngIf="loginDisplay">
        <!-- Claim Column -->
        <ng-container matColumnDef="claim">
          <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Claim </th>
          <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.claim}} </td>
        </ng-container>
        <!-- Value Column -->
        <ng-container matColumnDef="value">
          <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Value </th>
          <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.value}} </td>
        </ng-container>
        <!-- Value Column -->
        <ng-container matColumnDef="description">
          <th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef> Description </th>
          <td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element"> {{element.description}} </td>
        </ng-container>
        <tr mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns sticky: true"></tr>
        <tr mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;"></tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    
  3. Otwórz plik src/app/home/home.component.css. Zastąp istniejący kod poniższym fragmentem kodu.

    #table-container {
      height: '100vh';
      overflow: auto;
    }
    
    table {
      margin: 3% auto 1% auto;
      width: 70%;
    }
    
    .mat-row {
      height: auto;
    }
    
    .mat-cell {
      padding: 8px 8px 8px 0;
    }
    
    p {
      text-align: center;
    }
    
    .card-section {
      margin: 10%;
      padding: 5%;
    }
    
  4. Otwórz plik src/app/guarded/guarded.component.ts i zastąp istniejący kod poniższym fragmentem kodu.

    import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
    
    @Component({
      selector: 'app-guarded',
      templateUrl: './guarded.component.html',
      styleUrls: ['./guarded.component.css']
    })
    export class GuardedComponent implements OnInit {
    
      constructor() { }
    
      ngOnInit(): void {
      }
    
    }
    
  5. Utwórz plik o nazwie claim-utils.ts w folderze src/app/ i wklej do niego następujący fragment kodu.

    /**
     * Populate claims table with appropriate description
     * @param {Record} claims ID token claims
     * @returns claimsTable
     */
    export const createClaimsTable = (claims: Record<string, string>): any[] => {
      const claimsTable: any[] = [];
    
      Object.keys(claims).map((key) => {
        switch (key) {
          case 'aud':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              "Identifies the intended recipient of the token. In ID tokens, the audience is your app's Application ID, assigned to your app in the Azure portal.",
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'iss':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Identifies the issuer, or authorization server that constructs and returns the token. It also identifies the Azure AD tenant for which the user was authenticated. If the token was issued by the v2.0 endpoint, the URI will end in /v2.0.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'iat':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              changeDateFormat(+claims[key]),
              '"Issued At" indicates the timestamp (UNIX timestamp) when the authentication for this user occurred.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'nbf':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              changeDateFormat(+claims[key]),
              'The nbf (not before) claim dictates the time (as UNIX timestamp) before which the JWT must not be accepted for processing.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'exp':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              changeDateFormat(+claims[key]),
              "The exp (expiration time) claim dictates the expiration time (as UNIX timestamp) on or after which the JWT must not be accepted for processing. It's important to note that in certain circumstances, a resource may reject the token before this time. For example, if a change in authentication is required or a token revocation has been detected.",
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'name':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              "The name claim provides a human-readable value that identifies the subject of the token. The value isn't guaranteed to be unique, it can be changed, and it's designed to be used only for display purposes. The 'profile' scope is required to receive this claim.",
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'preferred_username':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'The primary username that represents the user. It could be an email address, phone number, or a generic username without a specified format. Its value is mutable and might change over time. Since it is mutable, this value must not be used to make authorization decisions. It can be used for username hints, however, and in human-readable UI as a username. The profile scope is required in order to receive this claim.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'nonce':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'The nonce matches the parameter included in the original /authorize request to the IDP.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'oid':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'The oid (user object id) is the only claim that should be used to uniquely identify a user in an Azure AD tenant.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'tid':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'The id of the tenant where this application resides. You can use this claim to ensure that only users from the current Azure AD tenant can access this app.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'upn':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'upn (user principal name) might be unique amongst the active set of users in a tenant but tend to get reassigned to new employees as employees leave the organization and others take their place or might change to reflect a personal change like marriage.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'email':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Email might be unique amongst the active set of users in a tenant but tend to get reassigned to new employees as employees leave the organization and others take their place.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'acct':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Available as an optional claim, it lets you know what the type of user (homed, guest) is. For example, for an individual's access to their data you might not care for this claim, but you would use this along with tenant id (tid) to control access to say a company-wide dashboard to just employees (homed users) and not contractors (guest users).',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'sid':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Session ID, used for per-session user sign-out.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'sub':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'The sub claim is a pairwise identifier - it is unique to a particular application ID. If a single user signs into two different apps using two different client IDs, those apps will receive two different values for the subject claim.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'ver':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Version of the token issued by the Microsoft identity platform',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'login_hint':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'An opaque, reliable login hint claim. This claim is the best value to use for the login_hint OAuth parameter in all flows to get SSO.',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'idtyp':
            populateClaim(
              key,
              claims[key],
              'Value is app when the token is an app-only token. This is the most accurate way for an API to determine if a token is an app token or an app+user token',
              claimsTable
            );
            break;
          case 'uti':
          case 'rh':
            break;
          default:
            populateClaim(key, claims[key], '', claimsTable);
        }
      });
    
      return claimsTable;
    };
    
    /**
     * Populates claim, description, and value into an claimsObject
     * @param {String} claim
     * @param {String} value
     * @param {String} description
     * @param {Array} claimsObject
     */
    const populateClaim = (
      claim: string,
      value: string,
      description: string,
      claimsTable: any[]
    ): void => {
      claimsTable.push({
        claim: claim,
        value: value,
        description: description,
      });
    };
    
    /**
     * Transforms Unix timestamp to date and returns a string value of that date
     * @param {number} date Unix timestamp
     * @returns
     */
    const changeDateFormat = (date: number) => {
      let dateObj = new Date(date * 1000);
      return `${date} - [${dateObj.toString()}]`;
    };
    
  6. Otwórz src/index.html i zastąp kod poniższym fragmentem kodu.

    <!doctype html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8">
      <title>Microsoft identity platform</title>
      <base href="/">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
      <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.svg">
      <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
      <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
      <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body class="mat-typography">
      <app-root></app-root>
      <app-redirect></app-redirect>
    </body>
    </html>
    

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