Automatically Creating Checksum Files for FTP Uploads

Artykuł
07/30/2009

I had a great question in the publishing forums on forums.iis.net, where someone was asking if FTP 7 supported the XCRC command. The short answer is that the XCRC command is not supported, but I came up with a way to create an FTP provider that supports something like it. Since it was a rather fun code sample to write, I thought that I'd turn it into a blog.

The sample FTP provider code in this blog post will automatically calculate an MD5 checksum from a file that is uploaded and store it in a file with a "*.MD5.TXT" file name extension. You can then compare the uploaded checksum with a local checksum on the client to verify the uploaded file's integrity.

There are a few points that I need to discuss before I present the code sample:

I chose to use MD5 because it is built-in to the .NET System.Security.Cryptography namespace and I often like to use MD5 for file checksums. I could just have easily implemented SHA1, SHA256, or any of the other built-in hashing algorithms. Unfortunately, CRC32 is not a built-in algorithm for .NET, but a quick search around the Internet yielded several CRC32 samples in C# from various developers, so if you specifically need the CRC32 algorithm you can find it pretty quickly and substitute it for MD5 in my example. (You can click here to search for examples.) You could go one step further and have your provider support multiple checksum algorithms, but that's going way outside the scope of this blog.
There are a couple of security considerations for this provider:
- The provider needs to calculate the path of the uploaded file, and to do so requires calling into the IIS configuration APIs. As I mention in the code remarks:
  - The FTP service will host the compiled assembly in the "Microsoft FTP Service Extensibility Host" COM+ package (DLLHOST.EXE), which runs by default as NETWORK SERVICE.
  - Also by default, the NETWORK SERVICE account does not have sufficient privileges to read the IIS configuration settings. As such, you must either grant READ permissions to NETWORK SERVICE for the IIS configuration files, or configure the COM+ package to run as a user that has at least READ access to the files in the InetSrv\config folder.
  - By default, the NETWORK SERVICE account may not have WRITE permission to the folder where your files are uploaded, so the checksum files cannot be written. As such, you will need to grant READ/WRITE access to the destination where the checksum files will be written.
- The above steps are not generally recommended practices; but if you choose to grant NETWORK SERVICE permission to the configuration files, the remarks section in the code sample provides the details that you need.
- Alternatively, you could skip the path lookup and always store the checksum files in a known location. This allows you to remove the MapSiteRootPath() and FindElement() methods from the code sample, and you need only grant the NETWORK SERVICE account permission for the known location.
The MapSiteRootPath() method in the provider sample calculates the path of the site's root, then uses the relative path of the uploaded file to compute the full path to the checksum file. This does not take into account any paths that include virtual directories; as such, you would need to accommodate for any virtual paths in your site's hierarchy. (That's too much code for this blog post.)
The provider defines a 1 GB constant for the maximum file size for computing checksums. I specified this value so that large files would not tie up your system's resources. You can increase or decrease that value, you could make that a parameter that is stored in the provider's settings, or you can remove the functionality completely. This provider runs synchronously, so larger files will obviously take more time. While it's outside the scope of this blog, you could implement some form of asynchronous functionality. (When discussing this provider with Daniel Vasquez Lopez, he suggested using MSMQ - but that's really going way beyond the scope of what I wanted to accomplish with this blog.)

All of that being said, this provider follows the same development path as the provider in my How to Use Managed Code (C#) to Create a Simple FTP Logging Provider walkthrough, so if you follow the steps in that walkthrough and substitute "FtpUploadChecksumDemo" every place that you see "FtpLoggingDemo" and add a reference to Microsoft.Web.Administration, you should have all of the steps that you need in order to use this provider.

So without further discussion, here's the code for the provider:

 using System;
using System.Configuration.Provider;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Web.Administration;
using Microsoft.Web.FtpServer;

// NOTE: This code is provided "as-is" and comes with the following security
// considerations. The FTP service will host the compiled assembly in the
// "Microsoft FTP Service Extensibility Host" COM+ package (DLLHOST.EXE),
// which runs by default as NETWORK SERVICE. By default, this account does not
// have sufficient privileges to read the IIS configuration settings. As such,
// you must either grant READ permissions to NETWORK SERVICE for the configuration
// files, or configure the COM+ package to run as a user that has at least READ
// access to the files in the InetSrv\config folder and READ/WRITE access to the
// destination where the checksum file will be written. However, these are not
// generally recommended practices.
//
// If you choose to grant NETWORK SERVICE permission to the configuration files,
// the following three commands should accomplish the requisite permissions:
//
//  cacls "%SystemRoot%\System32\inetsrv\config" /G "Network Service":R /E
//  cacls "%SystemRoot%\System32\inetsrv\config\redirection.config" /G "Network Service":R /E
//  cacls "%SystemRoot%\System32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config" /G "Network Service":R /E
//
// NOTE: You will need to do something similar for your content directory so that
// the checksum files can be created.

public sealed class FtpUploadChecksumDemo : BaseProvider, IFtpLogProvider
{
  // Implement the logging method.
  void IFtpLogProvider.Log(FtpLogEntry loggingParameters)
  {
    // Test for a successful file upload operation.
    if ((loggingParameters.Command == "STOR") && 
      (loggingParameters.FtpStatus == 226))
    {
      try
      {
        // Define a 1GB maximum length - to prevent system hogging.
        const long maxLength = 0x3fffffff;

        // Map the path to the site root.
        string fullPath = MapSiteRootPath(loggingParameters.SiteName);
        // Append the relative path of the uploaded file.
        fullPath += loggingParameters.FullPath;
        // Expand any environment variables.
        fullPath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables(fullPath);
        // Convert forward slashes to back slashes
        fullPath = fullPath.Replace(@"/", @"\");

        // Open the uploaded file to create a CRC.
        using (FileStream input = File.Open(
          fullPath,
          FileMode.Open,
          FileAccess.Read,
          FileShare.Read))
        {
          // Test the input file length.
          if (input.Length > maxLength)
          {
            // Throw an execption if the file is too big.
            throw new ProviderException(
              String.Format("Input file is too large: {0}",
              input.Length.ToString()));
          }
          else
          {
            // Open the hash file for output.
            using (StreamWriter output = new StreamWriter(
              fullPath + ".MD5.txt",
              false))
            {
              // Create an MD5 object.
              MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();
              // Retrieve the hash byte array.
              byte[] byteArray = md5.ComputeHash(input);
              // Create a new string builder for the ASCII hash string.
              StringBuilder stringBuilder =
                new StringBuilder(byteArray.Length * 2);
              // Loop through the hash.
              foreach (byte byteMember in byteArray)
              {
                // Append each ASCII hex byte to the hash string.
                stringBuilder.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", byteMember);
              }
              // Write the hash string to the output file.
              output.Write(stringBuilder);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      catch(Exception ex)
      {
        throw new ProviderException(ex.Message);
      }
    }
  }

  // This method is almost 100% from scripts that were created
  // by the IIS Manager Configuration Editor admin pack tool.
  private static string MapSiteRootPath(string siteName)
  {
    try
    {
      using (ServerManager serverManager = new ServerManager())
      {
        Configuration config =
          serverManager.GetApplicationHostConfiguration();
        ConfigurationSection sitesSection =
          config.GetSection("system.applicationHost/sites");
        ConfigurationElementCollection sitesCollection =
          sitesSection.GetCollection();
        ConfigurationElement siteElement =
          FindElement(sitesCollection, "site", "name", siteName);
        if (siteElement == null)
        {
          throw new InvalidOperationException("Element not found!");
        }
        else
        {
          ConfigurationElementCollection siteCollection =
            siteElement.GetCollection();
          ConfigurationElement applicationElement =
            FindElement(siteCollection,
            "application",
            "path", @"/");
          if (applicationElement == null)
          {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Element not found!");
          }
          else
          {
            ConfigurationElementCollection applicationCollection =
              applicationElement.GetCollection();
            ConfigurationElement virtualDirectoryElement =
              FindElement(applicationCollection,
              "virtualDirectory",
              "path", @"/");
            if (virtualDirectoryElement == null)
            {
              throw new InvalidOperationException("Element not found!");
            }
            else
            {
              return virtualDirectoryElement["physicalPath"].ToString();
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      throw new ProviderException(ex.Message);
    }
  }

  // This method is almost 100% from scripts that were created
  // by the IIS Manager Configuration Editor admin pack tool.
  private static ConfigurationElement FindElement(
    ConfigurationElementCollection collection,
    string elementTagName,
    params string[] keyValues)
  {
    foreach (ConfigurationElement element in collection)
    {
      if (String.Equals(element.ElementTagName,
        elementTagName,
        StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
      {
        bool matches = true;

        for (int i = 0; i < keyValues.Length; i += 2)
        {
          object o = element.GetAttributeValue(keyValues[i]);
          string value = null;
          if (o != null)
          {
            value = o.ToString();
          }

          if (!String.Equals(value,
            keyValues[i + 1],
            StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
          {
            matches = false;
            break;
          }
        }
        if (matches)
        {
          return element;
        }
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
}

That wraps it up for today's post.

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Automatically Creating Checksum Files for FTP Uploads

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