Science Project

Artykuł
09/07/2007

In the original Linq CTP and the first Orcas Beta, we included a DataSet specific Linq operator called CopyToDataTable<T> (It was called ToDataTable at one point also). For Beta 2 of Orcas, we ended up restricting this method to only work with DataRows (or some derived type) via a generic constraint on the method.

The reason for this was simply resource constraints. When we started to design how the real version of CopyToDataTable<T> should work, we realized that there are a number of potentially interesting mappings between objects and DataRows and didn't have the resources to come up with a complete solution. Hence, we decided to cut the feature and release the source as a sample.

Surprising to us, a lot of folks noticed this and were wondering where the feature had gone. It does make a nice solution for dealing with projections in Linq in that one can load instances of anonymous types into DataRows.

So as promised, below is sample code of how to implement CopyToDataTable<T> when the generic type T is not a DataRow.

A few notes about this code:

1. The initial schema of the DataTable is based on schema of the type T. All public property and fields are turned into DataColumns.

2. If the source sequence contains a sub-type of T, the table is automatically expanded for any addition public properties or fields.

3. If you want to provide a existing table, that is fine as long as the schema is consistent with the schema of the type T.

4. Obviously this sample probably needs some perf work. Feel free to suggest improvements.

5. I only included two overloads - there is no technical reason for this, just Friday afternoon laziness.

UPDATE 9/14 - Based on some feedback from akula, I have fixed a couple of issues with the code:

1) The code now supports loading sequences of scalar values.

2) Cases where the developer provides a datatable which needs to be completely extended based on the type T is now supported.

UPDATE 12/17 - In the comments, Nick Lucas has provided a solution to handling Nullable types in the input sequence. I have not tried it yet, but it look like it works.

     class Sample
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // create sequence 
            Item[] items = new Item[] { new Book{Id = 1, Price = 13.50, Genre = "Comedy", Author = "Jim Bob"}, 
                                        new Book{Id = 2, Price = 8.50, Genre = "Drama", Author = "John Fox"},  
                                        new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 22.99, Genre = "Comedy", Director = "Phil Funk"},
                                        new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 13.40, Genre = "Action", Director = "Eddie Jones"}};

                        
            var query1 = from i in items
                         where i.Price > 9.99
                         orderby i.Price
                         select i;

            // load into new DataTable
            DataTable table1 = query1.CopyToDataTable();

            // load into existing DataTable - schemas match            
            DataTable table2 = new DataTable();
            table2.Columns.Add("Price", typeof(int));
            table2.Columns.Add("Genre", typeof(string));

            var query2 = from i in items
                         where i.Price > 9.99
                         orderby i.Price
                         select new {i.Price, i.Genre};

            query2.CopyToDataTable(table2, LoadOption.PreserveChanges);


            // load into existing DataTable - expand schema + autogenerate new Id.
            DataTable table3 = new DataTable();
            DataColumn dc = table3.Columns.Add("NewId", typeof(int));
            dc.AutoIncrement = true;
            table3.Columns.Add("ExtraColumn", typeof(string));

            var query3 = from i in items
                         where i.Price > 9.99
                         orderby i.Price
                         select new { i.Price, i.Genre };

            query3.CopyToDataTable(table3, LoadOption.PreserveChanges);

            // load sequence of scalars.

            var query4 = from i in items
                         where i.Price > 9.99
                         orderby i.Price
                         select i.Price;

            var DataTable4 = query4.CopyToDataTable();
        }

        public class Item
        {
            public int Id { get; set; }
            public double Price { get; set; }
            public string Genre { get; set; }   
        }

        public class Book : Item
        {
            public string Author { get; set; }
        }

        public class Movie : Item
        {
            public string Director { get; set; }
        }
        
    }

    public static class DataSetLinqOperators
    {
        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
        {
            return new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, null, null);
        }

        public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, 
                                                    DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            return new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, table, options);
        }

    }

    public class ObjectShredder<T>
    {
        private FieldInfo[] _fi;
        private PropertyInfo[] _pi;
        private Dictionary<string, int> _ordinalMap;
        private Type _type;

        public ObjectShredder()
        {
            _type = typeof(T);
            _fi = _type.GetFields();
            _pi = _type.GetProperties();
            _ordinalMap = new Dictionary<string, int>();
        }

        public DataTable Shred(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            if (typeof(T).IsPrimitive)
            {
                return ShredPrimitive(source, table, options);   
            }
    

            if (table == null)
            {
                table = new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
            }

            // now see if need to extend datatable base on the type T + build ordinal map
            table = ExtendTable(table, typeof(T));

            table.BeginLoadData();
            using (IEnumerator<T> e = source.GetEnumerator())
            {
                while (e.MoveNext())
                {
                    if (options != null)
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, e.Current), (LoadOption)options);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, e.Current), true);
                    }
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();
            return table;
        }

        public DataTable ShredPrimitive(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options)
        {
            if (table == null)
            {
                table = new DataTable(typeof(T).Name);
            }

            if (!table.Columns.Contains("Value"))
            {
                table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(T));
            }

            table.BeginLoadData();
            using (IEnumerator<T> e = source.GetEnumerator())
            {
                Object[] values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
                while (e.MoveNext())
                {
                    values[table.Columns["Value"].Ordinal] = e.Current;

                    if (options != null)
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, (LoadOption)options);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        table.LoadDataRow(values, true);
                    }
                }
            }
            table.EndLoadData();  
            return table; 
        }

        public DataTable ExtendTable(DataTable table, Type type)
        {
            // value is type derived from T, may need to extend table.
            foreach (FieldInfo f in type.GetFields())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name))
                {
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType);
                    _ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal);               
                }
            }
            foreach (PropertyInfo p in type.GetProperties())
            {
                if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name))
                {
                    DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name]
                        : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType);
                    _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal);
                }
            }
            return table;
        }

        public object[] ShredObject(DataTable table, T instance)
        {

            FieldInfo[] fi = _fi;
            PropertyInfo[] pi = _pi;

            if (instance.GetType() != typeof(T))
            {
                ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType());
                fi = instance.GetType().GetFields();
                pi = instance.GetType().GetProperties();
            }

            Object[] values = new object[table.Columns.Count];
            foreach (FieldInfo f in fi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[f.Name]] = f.GetValue(instance);
            }

            foreach (PropertyInfo p in pi)
            {
                values[_ordinalMap[p.Name]] = p.GetValue(instance, null);
            }
            return values;
        }
    }

Comments

Anonymous
September 07, 2007
Great thanks!!! This is good way!
Anonymous
September 08, 2007
Pingback from http://oakleafblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/linq-and-entity-framework-updates-for.html.
Anonymous
September 08, 2007
Sorry, entry moved to http://oakleafblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/linq-and-entity-framework-posts-for.html--rj
Anonymous
September 08, 2007
This is great and was exactly what I needed. I do get an parameter mismatch error in foreach (PropertyInfo p in pi) { values[_ordinalMap[p.Name]] = p.GetValue(instance,null); }if I use: var a = (from m_var in dc.Ptabs select m_var.CAR ).Distinct(); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ds.Tables.Add(a.CopyToDataTable());but not if I do this var a = (from m_var in dc.Ptabs select new { Car = m_var.CAR }).Distinct(); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); ds.Tables.Add(a.CopyToDataTable());
Anonymous
September 10, 2007
thanks - there are a couple of problems here:1) The code is not catching the error case when the type T of the source sequence does not match the schema of the provided datatable. I suppose I could extend the table automatically in this case.2) The results of your query is just a sequence of scaler values. The code wasn't really designed for this and I am not sure I see much value, but I suppose I could just make a table with a single column.I will update the sample code to fix these issues.
Anonymous
September 11, 2007
Thanks
Anonymous
September 19, 2007
This seems very helpful, is there a straightforward way to implement in vb.net?
Anonymous
November 26, 2007
Hi, this post was helpful.However it seems to have problem when used with nullable types.I am using LINQ to SQL data context calss to store data base tables.Then I query these tables and get result of type "var" and then convert it to datatable using this code.Some of the tables are of nullable type.So while conversion I receive an error saying "DataSet does not support System.Nullable<>"inside the ExtendTable method, when the code tries to add columns to the "table"Pls let me know if you have any suggestions/workaround to this problem.Thanks in advanceRegards,Neeta
Anonymous
December 10, 2007
ah - I will try to get the code working with nullable types over the holidays.
Anonymous
December 18, 2007
Change the code to be this in order to handle nullable types:foreach (PropertyInfo p in type.GetProperties()) { if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name)) { Type colType = p.PropertyType; if ((colType.IsGenericType) && (colType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>))) { colType = colType.GetGenericArguments()[0]; } DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name] : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, colType); _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal); } }
Anonymous
December 27, 2007
Wow thank you so much! This allows me to use a LINQ query in my DAL and then bind an Object Data Source control to it. Then I can bind the GridView to the Object Data Source control and turn on sorting and paging and it all works!
Anonymous
January 08, 2008
Thank you all.Is there a VB version of the complete code anywhere else?Any help appreciated much.
Anonymous
January 09, 2008
I am trying to use the above idea to convert entities into datatables. However, the linq query does not expose the CopyToDataTable() method. Am I missing something here?
Anonymous
January 11, 2008
Make sure you use the namespace the you defined the DataSetLinqOperators in.
Anonymous
January 11, 2008
A number of people have asked me for a VB version of the CopyToDataTable<T> sample I wrote a few
Anonymous
January 11, 2008
A number of people have asked me for a VB version of the CopyToDataTable<T> sample I wrote a few
Anonymous
January 15, 2008
I cannot find any CopyToDataTable() method......btw, i think if we just want a datatable , using the code above issooooooooooooo complex.
Anonymous
January 22, 2008
Awesome.I added in the change for Nullable types by Nick and the whole thing is working beautifully. Only thing of note is that I had to change the method names due to a conflict. I am going to check that out.Cheers.
Anonymous
January 22, 2008
There was a CopytoDataTable method in early betas of LINQ but then it disappeared. C#: Andy Conrad on
Anonymous
February 06, 2008
any code out there that can help load a dlinq object FROM a datatable? Im workin with webservices and still passing datasets, so would like to load up a bunch of dlinq entities from the datatables and commit them to the db... probably easier to just use the datatables, i guess...
Anonymous
April 16, 2008
LINQ to DataSet中实现CopyToDataTable
Anonymous
April 17, 2008
A utilização do LinQ em projetos dentro do TJMT forçou uma estrutura de projeto, mas ainda não estamos
Anonymous
April 22, 2008
I was looking the same thing.I tried the above solution but for various reasons I was not satisfied.One of the biggest reasons was that I like using Typed Datasets.So I tried to create my own convertion method.It stated as a proof o concept and later became something that could be done.Here is the solution I proposehttp://sarafianalex.wordpress.com/2008/04/21/typed-dataset-linq-entities/
Anonymous
July 24, 2008
Hi,There seems to be a problem with the ExtendTable routine and I'm not sure how to solve it. In the routine ExtendTable there is the following code: For Each p As PropertyInfo In type.GetProperties() If Not _ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name) Then Dim colType As Type = p.PropertyType If (colType.IsGenericType) AndAlso (colType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() Is GetType(Nullable(Of ))) Then colType = colType.GetGenericArguments()(0) End If Dim dc As DataColumn = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(p.Name), table.Columns(p.Name), table.Columns.Add(p.Name, colType)) _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal) End If NextThe issue seems to be that type.GetProperties() returns the columns in alphabetical order instead of the order returned from the query. Can anyone offer some ideas on how to get them back in the right order. Or, at least to be able to contruct the datatable with the columns in the right order.Thanks ... Ed
Anonymous
November 06, 2008
I'm having the same issue as Ed. Has anyone figured how to return columns in the same order as the query?Thanks,Scott
Anonymous
November 20, 2008
A note on the column order...I've noticed that on my vista laptop, the order of the columns is returned as expected. On my XP desktop, the columns are returned alphabetically. Still don't know why...though it might help someone smarter than I.Scott
Anonymous
November 20, 2008
A note on the column order...I've noticed that on my vista laptop, the order of the columns is returned as expected. On my XP desktop, the columns are returned alphabetically. Still don't know why...though it might help someone smarter than I.Scott
Anonymous
August 13, 2009
For me it throws exactly the same compilation errorerror CS0311: The type 'AnonymousType#1' cannot be used as type parameter 'T' in the generic type or method 'System.Data.DataTableExtensions.CopyToDataTable<T>(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>, System.Data.DataTable, System.Data.LoadOption)'. There is no implicit reference conversion from 'AnonymousType#1' to 'System.Data.DataRow'.My code is : DataTable tableSimCnfCopy = tableSimCnf.Clone (); var varLst2 = from car in tableSimCnf.AsEnumerable() select new { ModelID = car.ModelID, VehiclePrice = car.VehiclePrice, APR24PercDown = car.APR24PercDown, APR36PercDown = car.APR36PercDown, APR48PercDown = car.APR48PercDown, APR60PercDown = car.APR60PercDown, APR72PercDown = car.APR72PercDown }; varLst2.CopyToDataTable(tableSimCnfCopy, LoadOption.PreserveChanges);The last line is the line I'm getting this compile error

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