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Version 3 of the DMA Operations Interface

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Version 3 of the DMA operations interface is available starting with Windows 8. The DMA_OPERATIONS structure for this interface contains a number of new routines that are not defined in previous versions of this interface. For a list of the routines in version 3, see DMA_OPERATIONS.

Although version 3 of the DMA operations interface is available across all Windows hardware platforms, this interface has many features to enable kernel-mode drivers to use the advanced capabilities of system DMA controllers in System on a Chip (SoC) integrated circuits. These capabilities typically include the ability to do scatter/gather DMA transfers. In contrast, previous versions of the DMA operations interface restrict scatter/gather DMA transfers to bus-master devices. The version-3 interface simplifies the management of scatter/gather lists and reduces the need for driver intervention during complex DMA transfers.

To use version 3 of the DMA operations interface to perform a DMA transfer, a driver typically calls the following routines:

IoGetDmaAdapter
Allocates a DMA adapter object and returns a pointer to a DMA_ADAPTER structure that contains the DMA operations interface.

GetDmaTransferInfo
Provides a description of the resources that are required to perform the DMA transfer that is described by the caller.

AllocateAdapterChannelEx
Allocates the resources required for the DMA transfer and assigns these resources to the DMA adapter object.

MapTransferEx
Initializes the map registers and the scatter/gather buffer for the DMA transfer, and starts the transfer.

FlushAdapterBuffersEx
Performs any cache operations that might be required at the end of the DMA transfer.

FreeAdapterChannel
Frees the DMA channel and map registers.

PutDmaAdapter
Releases the adapter object.

These routines are used both for bus-master devices that use dedicated DMA controllers, and for subordinate devices that share a system DMA controller. For a step-by-step description of the calls that a driver makes during a typical DMA transfer, see Basic Calling Pattern for Version-3 DMA Routines.

Note   In version 3 of the DMA operations interface, calls to the KeFlushIoBuffers routine are not required either before or after DMA transfers. The reason is that the following routines cover the need for flushing data caches on platforms that do not enforce cache coherency in hardware:

  • MapTransferEx ensures that processor data caches are flushed before write (memory-to-device) transfers.
  • FlushAdapterBuffersEx ensures that caches are invalidated after read (device-to-memory) transfers.

On an x86 or x64 processor, the KeFlushIoBuffers call performs no operations, and this call, while unnecessary, does not interfere with the operation of the hardware platform. On an Arm processor, calls to KeFlushIoBuffers during DMA transfers perform cache operations that are unnecessary and can degrade performance.