OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)

Artikel
11/19/2024

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

Decrypts a symmetric key and makes it available for use.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Note

This syntax is not supported by serverless SQL pool in Azure Synapse Analytics.

Syntax

OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY Key_name DECRYPTION BY <decryption_mechanism>  
  
<decryption_mechanism> ::=  
    CERTIFICATE certificate_name [ WITH PASSWORD = 'password' ]  
    |  
    ASYMMETRIC KEY asym_key_name [ WITH PASSWORD = 'password' ]  
    |  
    SYMMETRIC KEY decrypting_Key_name  
    |  
    PASSWORD = 'decryption_password'

Arguments

Key_name
Is the name of the symmetric key to be opened.

CERTIFICATE certificate_name
Is the name of a certificate whose private key will be used to decrypt the symmetric key.

ASYMMETRIC KEY asym_key_name
Is the name of an asymmetric key whose private key will be used to decrypt the symmetric key.

WITH PASSWORD ='password'
Is the password that was used to encrypt the private key of the certificate or asymmetric key.

SYMMETRIC KEY decrypting_key_name
Is the name of a symmetric key that will be used to decrypt the symmetric key that is being opened.

PASSWORD ='password'
Is the password that was used to protect the symmetric key.

Remarks

Open symmetric keys are bound to the session not to the security context. An open key will continue to be available until it is either explicitly closed or the session is terminated. If you open a symmetric key and then switch context, the key will remain open and be available in the impersonated context. Multiple keys can be open at once. Information about open symmetric keys is visible in the sys.openkeys (Transact-SQL) catalog view.

If the symmetric key was encrypted with another key, that key must be opened first.

If the symmetric key is already open, the query is a NO_OP.

If the password, certificate, or key supplied to decrypt the symmetric key is incorrect, the query will fail.

Symmetric keys created from encryption providers cannot be opened. Encryption and decryption operations using this kind of symmetric key succeed without the OPEN statement because the Encryption Provider is opening and closing the key.

Permissions

The caller must have some permission on the key and must not have been denied VIEW DEFINITION permission on the key. Additional requirements vary, depending on the decryption mechanism:

DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE: CONTROL permission on the certificate and knowledge of the password that encrypts its private key.
DECRYPTION BY ASYMMETRIC KEY: CONTROL permission on the asymmetric key and knowledge of the password that encrypts its private key.
DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD: knowledge of one of the passwords that is used to encrypt the symmetric key.

Examples

A. Opening a symmetric key by using a certificate

The following example opens the symmetric key SymKeyMarketing3 and decrypts it by using the private key of certificate MarketingCert9.

USE AdventureWorks2022;  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SymKeyMarketing3   
    DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE MarketingCert9;  
GO

B. Opening a symmetric key by using another symmetric key

The following example opens the symmetric key MarketingKey11 and decrypts it by using symmetric key HarnpadoungsatayaSE3.

USE AdventureWorks2022;  
-- First open the symmetric key that you want for decryption.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY HarnpadoungsatayaSE3   
    DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE sariyaCert01;  
-- Use the key that is already open to decrypt MarketingKey11.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY MarketingKey11   
    DECRYPTION BY SYMMETRIC KEY HarnpadoungsatayaSE3;  
GO

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