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DENY Symmetric Key Permissions (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance SQL database in Microsoft Fabric

Denies permissions on a symmetric key.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

DENY permission [ ,...n ]    
    ON SYMMETRIC KEY :: symmetric_key_name   
        TO <database_principal> [ ,...n ] [ CASCADE ]  
    [ AS <database_principal> ]   
  
<database_principal> ::=   
        Database_user   
    | Database_role   
    | Application_role   
    | Database_user_mapped_to_Windows_User   
    | Database_user_mapped_to_Windows_Group   
    | Database_user_mapped_to_certificate   
    | Database_user_mapped_to_asymmetric_key   
    | Database_user_with_no_login

Arguments

permission
Specifies a permission that can be denied on a symmetric key. For a list of the permissions, see the Remarks section later in this topic.

ON SYMMETRIC KEY ::asymmetric_key_name
Specifies the symmetric key on which the permission is being denied. The scope qualifier (::) is required.

TO <database_principal>
Specifies the principal from which the permission is being revoked.

CASCADE
Indicates that the permission being denied is also denied to other principals to which it has been granted by this principal.

AS <database_principal>
Specifies a principal from which the principal executing this query derives its right to deny the permission.

Database_user
Specifies a database user.

Database_role
Specifies a database role.

Application_role
Specifies an application role.

Database_user_mapped_to_Windows_User
Specifies a database user mapped to a Windows user.

Database_user_mapped_to_Windows_Group
Specifies a database user mapped to a Windows group.

Database_user_mapped_to_certificate
Specifies a database user mapped to a certificate.

Database_user_mapped_to_asymmetric_key
Specifies a database user mapped to an asymmetric key.

Database_user_with_no_login
Specifies a database user with no corresponding server-level principal.

Remarks

Information about symmetric keys is visible in the sys.symmetric_keys catalog view.

A symmetric key is a database-level securable contained by the database that is its parent in the permissions hierarchy. The most specific and limited permissions that can be denied on a symmetric key are listed in the following table, together with the more general permissions that include them by implication.

Symmetric key permission Implied by symmetric key permission Implied by database permission
ALTER CONTROL ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY
CONTROL CONTROL CONTROL
REFERENCES CONTROL REFERENCES
TAKE OWNERSHIP CONTROL CONTROL
VIEW DEFINITION CONTROL VIEW DEFINITION

Permissions

Requires CONTROL permission on the symmetric key or ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY permission on the database. If you use the AS option, the specified principal must own the symmetric key.

Examples

The following example denies ALTER permission on the symmetric key SamInventory42 to the database user HamidS.

USE AdventureWorks2022;  
DENY ALTER ON SYMMETRIC KEY::SamInventory42 TO HamidS;  
GO

See Also

sys.symmetric_keys (Transact-SQL)
GRANT Symmetric Key Permissions (Transact-SQL)
REVOKE Symmetric Key Permissions (Transact-SQL)
CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)
Permissions (Database Engine)
Principals (Database Engine)
Encryption Hierarchy