MSSQLSERVER_15517

Artikel
10/18/2023

Applies to: SQL Server

Details

Attribute	Value
Product Name	SQL Server
Event ID	15517
Event Source	MSSQLSERVER
Component	SQLEngine
Symbolic Name	SEC_CANNOTEXECUTEASUSER
Message Text	Cannot execute as the database principal because the principal "principal" does not exist, this type of principal can't be impersonated, or you do not have permission.

Explanation

This error typically occurs because Microsoft SQL Server can't get the information about the execution context of the principal that's specified in a user statement or module by using the EXECUTE AS statement.

Your login information Security Identifier (SID) is automatically saved when you create a database on a SQL Server instance as the database owner in the corresponding database row in the sys.databases table and for the dbo user item in the sys.database_principals table within the database.

The statements or modules that use the EXECUTE AS OWNER clause will work as expected if the SID entry that's stored for the dbo user is valid.

Note

The issue can occur for any principal that's used in the EXECUTE AS statement and that doesn't exist on the server to which the database is restored.

Here are a few common scenarios that might cause this issue to occur:

You restore a database on the same server instance where the backup was originally taken, but the SQL Server principal that created the database is no longer valid for some reason. For example:
- The SQL Server authentication login was removed.
- The Windows authentication login is no longer for a valid user in Active Directory because the employee left the company.
You restore a database on a server that's different from the instance where the backup was originally taken, but the SQL Server principal that created the database isn't a valid principal on the new server.
- If the user is a SQL Server login, the principal might exist on the target or destination server but the sid value will be different.
- If the user is a Windows login, the Windows login doesn't exist on the target server or it's no longer valid.

The user or application that's running the stored procedure, function, or trigger doesn't have the necessary permissions to impersonate the principal that's specified in the EXECUTE AS statement.

User action

Use the name of an existing principal or grant the IMPERSONATE permission on that principal to the required users.

To resolve the issue that occurs because of an invalid dbo user error, change the dbo_User value to a valid login on your server by running the following command:

ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON DATABASE:: DBName TO [NewLogin]

Example scenario

Create two temporary principals:

CREATE LOGIN login1 WITH PASSWORD = 'J345#$)thb';
CREATE LOGIN login2 WITH PASSWORD = 'Uor80$23b';

Add these logins to the sysadmin role (for demonstration only).
Log in to your SQL Server instance by using login1.

Create a demonstration database and a stored procedure that's named testexec by running the following script:

CREATE DATABASE Demodb_15517
GO
USE Demodb_15517
GO
CREATE procedure [dbo].[testexec]
WITH EXECUTE AS owner
AS SELECT @@VERSION
GO
EXEC dbo.testexec
GO

Run the following queries, and check whether the sid values are resolving to a valid login:

Query 1: Check the value of the Owner_Name value in sys.databases.

SELECT NAME AS Database_Name, owner_sid, SUSER_SNAME(owner_sid) AS OwnerName
FROM sys.databases
WHERE NAME = N'Demodb_15517';

Database_Name         owner_sid                               OwnerName
--------------------- -------------------------------------- ----------------------------
Demodb_15517          0xDB79ED7B6731CF4E8DC7DF02871E3E36      login1

Query 2: Check the Owner_Name value in the sys.database_principals table within the demonstration database:

SELECT SUSER_SNAME(sid) AS Owner_Name, sid 
FROM Demodb_15517.sys.database_principals 
WHERE NAME = N'dbo';

Owner_Name    SID
------------- ------------------------------------------------ 
login1        0xDB79ED7B6731CF4E8DC7DF02871E3E36

Back up the demonstration database by using a query that resembles the following script:

BACKUP DATABASE [Demodb_15517] TO DISK = N'C:\SQLBackups\Demodb_15517.bak' WITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N'Demodb_15517 Full backup', SKIP, EWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10 
GO

Drop the demonstration database and login1:

DROP DATABASE demodb_15517
GO
DROP login login1
GO

Restore the demonstration database from the backup by using a statement that resembles the following script:

USE [master] 
RESTORE DATABASE [Demodb_15517] FROM   
DISK = N'C:\SQLBackups\Demodb_15517.bak' WITH FILE = 1,   
MOVE N'Demodb_15517' TO N'C:\SQLBackups\Demodb_15517.mdf',   
MOVE N'Demodb_15517_log' TO N'C:\SQLBackups\\Demodb_155172_log.ldf',   
NOUNLOAD, STATS = 5 
GO

Rerun Query 1 and Query 2.

In Query 1, check the value of the Owner_Name value in sys.databases. The value now reflects login2.

SELECT NAME AS Database_Name, owner_sid, SUSER_SNAME(owner_sid) AS OwnerName 
FROM sys.databases 
WHERE NAME = N'Demodb_15517';

Database_Name  owner_sid                               OwnerName
-------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------
Demodb_15517   0xD63086DD7277BC4EB88013D359AF73A6      login2

In Query 2, check the value of the Owner_Name value in the sys.database_principals table within the demonstration database. The value now reflects NULL.

SELECT SUSER_SNAME(sid) AS Owner_Name, sid
FROM Demodb_15517.sys.database_principals
WHERE NAME = N'dbo';

Owner_Name         sid 
  ------------------ -----------------------------------------------
NULL               0xDB79ED7B6731CF4E8DC7DF02871E3E36

Run the testexec stored procedure. You should now see the "15517" error message.

USE Demodb_15517 
GO 
EXEC dbo.testexec 
GO

Msg 15517, Level 16, State 1, Procedure dbo.testexec, Line 0 [Batch Start Line 19] 
Cannot execute as the database principal because the principal "dbo" does not exist, this type of principal cannot be impersonated, or you do not have permission.

To resolve the error, change the dbo to a valid user (login2) by using the following command:
```
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON DATABASE:: Demodb_15517 TO [login2]   
```

Rerun Query 2 and verify that dbo users now resolve to the login2 user.

Owner_Name          SID
---------------------------------------------------------------- 
login2              0xD63086DD7277BC4EB88013D359AF73A6

Try again to run the test stored procedure. Notice that it now runs successfully.

USE Demodb_15517 
GO 
EXEC dbo.testexec 
GO

/* -- You get an output that resembles the following 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (RTM-CU16-GDR) (KB5014353) - 15.0.4236.7 (X64)  
May 29 2022 15:55:47  
Copyright (C) 2019 Microsoft Corporation 
Express Edition (64-bit) on Windows 10 Enterprise 10.0 <X64> (Build 22621: ) (Hypervisor) 
*/

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MSSQLSERVER_15517

Details

Explanation

User action

Example scenario

See Also

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