Manage Risk with Conditional Access Control

 

Applies To: Windows Server 2012 R2

• Key concepts - conditional access control in AD FS

• Managing Risk with Conditional Access Control

Key concepts - conditional access control in AD FS

The overall function of AD FS is to issue an access token that contains a set of claims. The decision regarding what claims AD FS accepts and then issues is governed by claim rules.

Access control in AD FS is implemented with issuance authorization claim rules that are used to issue a permit or deny claims that will determine whether a user or a group of users will be allowed to access AD FS-secured resources or not. Authorization rules can only be set on relying party trusts.

Rule option	Rule logic
Permit all users	If incoming claim type equals any claim type and value equals any value, then issue claim with value equals Permit
Permit access to users with this incoming claim	If incoming claim type equals specified claim type and value equals specified claim value, then issue claim with value equals Permit
Deny access to users with this incoming claim	If incoming claim type equals specified claim type and value equals specified claim value, then issue claim with value equals Deny

For more information about these rule options and logic, see When to Use an Authorization Claim Rule.

In AD FS in Windows Server® 2012 R2, access control is enhanced with multiple factors, including user, device, location, and authentication data. This is made possible by a greater variety of claim types available for the authorization claim rules. In other words, in AD FS in Windows Server® 2012 R2, you can enforce conditional access control based on user identity or group membership, network location, device (whether it is workplace joined, for more information, see Join to Workplace from Any Device for SSO and Seamless Second Factor Authentication Across Company Applications), and the authentication state (whether multifactor authentication (MFA) was performed ).

Conditional access control in AD FS in Windows Server® 2012 R2, offers the following benefits:

• Flexible and expressive per-application authorization policies, whereby you can permit or deny access based on user, device, network location, and authentication state

• Creating issuance authorization rules for relying party applications

• Rich UI experience for the common conditional access control scenarios

• Rich claims language & Windows PowerShell support for advanced conditional access control scenarios

• Custom (per relying party application) ‘Access Denied’ messages. For more information, see Customizing the AD FS Sign-in Pages. By being able to customize these messages, you can explain why a user is being denied access and also facilitate self-service remediation where it is possible, for example, prompt users to workplace join their devices. For more information, see Join to Workplace from Any Device for SSO and Seamless Second Factor Authentication Across Company Applications.

The following table includes all the claim types available in AD FS in Windows Server® 2012 R2 to be used for implementing conditional access control.

Claim type	Description
Email Address	The email address of the user.
Given Name	The given name of the user.
Name	The unique name of the user,
UPN	The user principal name (UPN) of the user.
Common Name	The common name of the user.
AD FS 1 x E-mail Address	The email address of the user when interoperating with AD FS 1.1 or AD FS 1.0.
Group	A group that the user is a member of.
AD FS 1 x UPN	The UPN of the user when interoperating with AD FS 1.1 or AD FS 1.0.
Role	A role that the user has.
Surname	The surname of the user.
PPID	The private identifier of the user.
Name ID	The SAML name identifier of the user.
Authentication time stamp	Used to display the time and date that the user was authenticated.
Authentication method	The method used to authenticate the user.
Deny only group SID	The deny-only group SID of the user.
Deny only primary SID	The deny-only primary SID of the user.
Deny only primary group SID	The deny-only primary group SID of the user.
Group SID	The group SID of the user.
Primary group SID	The primary group SID of the user.
Primary SID	The primary SID of the user.
Windows account name	The domain account name of the user in the form of domain\user.
Is Registered User	User is registered to use this device.
Device Identifier	Identifier of the device.
Device Registration Identifier	Identifier for Device Registration.
Device Registration Display Name	Display name of Device Registration.
Device OS Type	Operating system type of the device.
Device OS Version	Operating system version of the device.
Is Managed Device	Device is managed by a management service.
Forwarded Client IP	IP address of the user.
Client Application	Type of the client application.
Client User Agent	Device type the client is using to access the application.
Client IP	IP address of the client.
Endpoint Path	Absolute Endpoint path which can be used to determine active versus passive clients.
Proxy	DNS name of the federation server proxy that passed the request.
Application Identifier	Identifier for the relying party.
Application policies	Application policies of the certificate.
Authority Key Identifier	The authority key identifier extension of the certificate that signed an issued certificate.
Basic Constraint	One of the basic constraints of the certificate.
Enhanced Key Usage	Describes one of the enhanced key usages of the certificate.
Issuer	The name of the certification authority that issued the X.509 certificate.
Issuer Name	The distinguished name of the certificate issuer.
Key Usage	One of the key usages of the certificate.
Not After	Date in local time after which a certificate is no longer valid.
Not Before	The date in local time on which a certificate becomes valid.
Certificate Policies	The policies under which the certificate has been issued.
Public Key	Public key of the certificate.
Certificate Raw Data	The raw data of the certificate.
Subject Alternative Name	One of the alternative names of the certificate.
Serial Number	The serial number of the certificate.
Signature Algorithm	The algorithm used to create the signature of a certificate.
Subject	The subject from the certificate.
Subject Key Identifier	The subject key identifier of the certificate.
Subject Name	The subject distinguished name from a certificate.
V2 Template Name	The name of the version 2 certificate template used wen issuing or renewing a certificate. This is a Microsoft-specific value.
V1 Template Name	The name of the version 1 certificate template used when issuing or renewing a certificate. This is a Microsoft-specific value.
Thumbprint	Thumbprint of the certificate.
X 509 Version	The X.509 format version of the certificate.
Inside Corporate Network	Used to indicate if a request originated from inside the corporate network.
Password Expiration Time	Used to display the time when the password expires.
Password Expiration Days	Used to display the number of days to password expiry.
Update Password URL	Used to display the web address of update password service.
Authentication Methods References	Used to indicate al authentication methods used to authenticate the user.

Managing Risk with Conditional Access Control

Using the available settings, there are many ways in which you can manage risk by implementing conditional access control.

Common Scenarios

For example, imagine a simple scenario of implementing conditional access control based on the user’s group membership data for a particular application (relying party trust). In other words, you can set up an issuance authorization rule on your federation server to permit users that belong to a certain group in your AD domain access to a particular application that is secured by AD FS. The detailed step by step instructions (using the UI and Windows PowerShell) for implementing this scenario are covered in Walkthrough Guide: Manage Risk with Conditional Access Control. In order to complete the steps in this walkthrough, you must set up a lab environment and follow the steps in Set up the lab environment for AD FS in Windows Server 2012 R2.

Advanced Scenarios

Other examples of implementing conditional access control in AD FS in Windows Server® 2012 R2 include the following:

• Permit access to an application secured by AD FS only if this user’s identity was validated with MFA

  You can use the following code:

  @RuleTemplate = “Authorization”
  @RuleName = “PermitAccessWithMFA”
  c:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/claims/authnmethodsreferences”, Value =~ “^(?i)https://schemas\.microsoft\.com/claims/multipleauthn$”] => issue(Type = "https://schemas.microsoft.com/authorization/claims/permit", Value = “PermitUsersWithClaim");
  

• Permit access to an application secured by AD FS only if the access request is coming from a workplace joined device that is registered to the user

  You can use the following code:

  @RuleTemplate = “Authorization”
  @RuleName = “PermitAccessFromRegisteredWorkplaceJoinedDevice”
  c:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/2012/01/devicecontext/claims/isregistereduser”, Value =~ “^(?i)true$”] => issue(Type = "https://schemas.microsoft.com/authorization/claims/permit", Value = “PermitUsersWithClaim");
  

• Permit access to an application secured by AD FS only if the access request is coming from a workplace joined device that is registered to a user whose identity has been validated with MFA

  You can use the following code

  @RuleTemplate = “Authorization”
  @RuleName = “RequireMFAOnRegisteredWorkplaceJoinedDevice”
  c1:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/claims/authnmethodsreferences”, Value =~ “^(?i)https://schemas\.microsoft\.com/claims/multipleauthn$”] &&
  c2:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/2012/01/devicecontext/claims/isregistereduser”, Value =~ “^(?i)true$”] => issue(Type = "https://schemas.microsoft.com/authorization/claims/permit", Value = “PermitUsersWithClaim");
  

• Permit extranet access to an application secured by AD FS only if the access request is coming from a user whose identity has been validated with MFA.

  You can use the following code:

  @RuleTemplate = “Authorization”
  @RuleName = “RequireMFAForExtranetAccess”
  c1:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/claims/authnmethodsreferences”, Value =~ “^(?i)https://schemas\.microsoft\.com/claims/multipleauthn$”] &&
  c2:[Type == “https://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2012/01/insidecorporatenetwork”, Value =~ “^(?i)false$”] => issue(Type = "https://schemas.microsoft.com/authorization/claims/permit", Value = “PermitUsersWithClaim");
  

See Also

Walkthrough Guide: Manage Risk with Conditional Access Control
Set up the lab environment for AD FS in Windows Server 2012 R2