Sub Procedures (Visual Basic)
A Sub procedure is a series of Visual Basic statements enclosed by the Sub and End Sub statements. The Sub procedure performs a task and then returns control to the calling code, but it does not return a value to the calling code.
Each time the procedure is called, its statements are executed, starting with the first executable statement after the Sub statement and ending with the first End Sub, Exit Sub, or Return statement encountered.
You can define a Sub procedure in modules, classes, and structures. By default, it is Public, which means you can call it from anywhere in your application that has access to the module, class, or structure in which you defined it. The term, method, describes a Sub or Function procedure that is accessed from outside its defining module, class, or structure. For more information, see Procedures in Visual Basic.
A Sub procedure can take arguments, such as constants, variables, or expressions, which are passed to it by the calling code.
Declaration Syntax
The syntax for declaring a Sub procedure is as follows:
[modifiers] Sub subname[(parameterlist)]
' Statements of the Sub procedure.
End Sub
The modifiers can specify access level and information about overloading, overriding, sharing, and shadowing. For more information, see Sub Statement (Visual Basic).
Parameter Declaration
You declare each procedure parameter similarly to how you declare a variable, specifying the parameter name and data type. You can also specify the passing mechanism, and whether the parameter is optional or a parameter array.
The syntax for each parameter in the parameter list is as follows:
[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] parametername As datatype
If the parameter is optional, you must also supply a default value as part of its declaration. The syntax for specifying a default value is as follows:
Optional [ByVal | ByRef] parametername As datatype = defaultvalue
Parameters as Local Variables
When control passes to the procedure, each parameter is treated as a local variable. This means that its lifetime is the same as that of the procedure, and its scope is the whole procedure.
Calling Syntax
You invoke a Sub procedure explicitly with a stand-alone calling statement. You cannot call it by using its name in an expression. You must provide values for all arguments that are not optional, and you must enclose the argument list in parentheses. If no arguments are supplied, you can optionally omit the parentheses. The use of the Call keyword is optional but not recommended.
The syntax for a call to a Sub procedure is as follows:
[Call] subname[(argumentlist)]
You can call a Sub method from outside the class that defines it. First, you have to use the New keyword to create an instance of the class, or call a method that returns an instance of the class. For more information, see New Operator (Visual Basic). Then, you can use the following syntax to call the Sub method on the instance object:
Object.methodname[(argumentlist)]
Illustration of Declaration and Call
The following Sub procedure tells the computer operator which task the application is about to perform, and also displays a time stamp. Instead of duplicating this code at the start of every task, the application just calls tellOperator from various locations. Each call passes a string in the task argument that identifies the task being started.
Sub tellOperator(ByVal task As String)
Dim stamp As Date
stamp = TimeOfDay()
MsgBox("Starting " & task & " at " & CStr(stamp))
End Sub
The following example shows a typical call to tellOperator.
tellOperator("file update")
See Also
Tasks
How to: Call a Procedure that Does Not Return a Value (Visual Basic)
How to: Call an Event Handler in Visual Basic
Reference
Concepts
Function Procedures (Visual Basic)
Property Procedures (Visual Basic)