Storage of Data in Character Format
How character-formatted data is stored in an exported data file depends on how the data was stored in the Microsoft SQL Server table. Two storage patterns are significant, as follows:
SQL Server char data
Other data types converted to char storage
Storage Patterns for SQL Server char Data
SQL Server char data is always stored in the data file as the full length of the defined column. For example, a column defined as char(10) always occupies 10 characters in the data file regardless of the length of the data stored in the column. If the char data is shorter than the field length, spaces are appended to the data as padding; for more information, see SET ANSI_PADDING (Transact-SQL). However, for the varchar type, only the actual number of characters is stored unless you choose either a prefix or a terminator.
Storage Patterns for Other Data Types Converted to char Data
The amount of storage space that is allocated in the data file for noncharacter data stored in character format is determined by the combination of field length, prefix length, and terminators, as follows:
With a prefix length of 0 and no terminator, the field is treated as if it were of fixed length, as specified by the field-length value. If specifying a prefix length of 0 and no terminator, the bcp utility allocates the maximum amount of space shown in the field length prompt because this is the maximum space that may be needed for the data type in question. This practice makes it is possible to determine where one field ends and the next begins.
With a prefix length of 0 and a terminator, the field-length value is ignored. The storage space used by the field is the length of the data, plus any terminator.
Important
Specifying both a prefix and a terminator is supported only in non-XML format files.
With a prefix length of 1, 2, or 4, the field-length value is ignored. The space used by the field is its length, the length of the field prefixes, plus any terminators.
In all of the cases in the preceding list, you can create a data file for later reloading into SQL Server that keeps the storage space to a minimum. To minimize storage space, use a length-prefix character along with the default file storage type and the default field length.
Examples
The following examples illustrate the interaction among field length, prefix length, and terminators when data is stored in char format. A prefix-length value, if present, is represented by P. A terminator, if present, is represented by T. An ellipsis (...) indicates that the pattern repeats for every field.
Examples of storage patterns for SQL Server char data:
Note
The char data is always stored as full length (that is, with one or more spaces, ' ', as padding).
The table schema is t1 (c1 char(8)). The examples assume a 5-character value (represented as Hello), which is stored in a field whose length is 8 characters. In each of the example data fields, three spaces must always be appended to the 5-character Hello value. The appended spaces are represented by three dots (∙∙∙).
|
Prefix length = 0 |
Prefix length = 1, 2, or 4 |
|---|---|---|
No terminator: |
Hello∙∙∙Hello∙∙∙... |
PHello∙∙∙PHello∙∙∙... |
Terminator: |
Hello∙∙∙THello∙∙∙T... |
PHello∙∙∙TPHello∙∙∙T... .gif "Note") Note
This example applies only to non-XML format file.
|
Examples of storage patterns for noncharacter data types when converted to char storage
The table schema is t1 (c1 int),and each row has an integer value of 999.
Note
For data that is converted to char storage in the presence of a prefix length of 1, 2, or 4 or a field terminator, appending spaces to the data value is unnecessary.
|
Prefix length = 0 |
Prefix length = 1, 2, or 4 |
|---|---|---|
No terminator: |
999∙∙999∙∙... |
P999P999... |
Terminator: |
999T999T... |
P999TP999T... Note
This example applies only to non-XML format file.
|
Note
If you do not specify either a prefix length or terminator, the integer value is stored by using 12 bytes, with the last 9 bytes storing space characters.