Marshalling verschillende soorten matrices
Een matrix is een verwijzingstype in beheerde code die een of meer elementen van hetzelfde type bevat. Hoewel matrices verwijzingstypen zijn, worden ze doorgegeven als In-parameters aan niet-beheerde functies. Dit gedrag is inconsistent met de manier waarop beheerde matrices worden doorgegeven aan beheerde objecten, zoals in-/uit-parameters. Zie Kopiëren en vastmaken voor meer informatie.
De volgende tabel bevat marshallopties voor matrices en beschrijft hun gebruik.
Matrix | Beschrijving |
---|---|
Van gehele getallen op waarde. | Geeft een matrix van gehele getallen door als een In-parameter. |
Van gehele getallen per verwijzing. | Geeft een matrix van gehele getallen door als een In/Out-parameter. |
Van gehele getallen op waarde (tweedimensionaal). | Geeft een matrix van gehele getallen door als een In-parameter. |
Van tekenreeksen op waarde. | Geeft een matrix met tekenreeksen door als een In-parameter. |
Van structuren met gehele getallen. | Geeft een matrix van structuren door die gehele getallen bevatten als een In-parameter. |
Van structuren met tekenreeksen. | Geeft een matrix van structuren door die alleen tekenreeksen bevatten als een in-/out-parameter. Leden van de matrix kunnen worden gewijzigd. |
Opmerking
In dit voorbeeld ziet u hoe u de volgende typen matrices doorgeeft:
Matrix van gehele getallen per waarde.
Matrix van gehele getallen per verwijzing, waarvan de grootte kan worden gewijzigd.
Multidimensionale matrix (matrix) van gehele getallen per waarde.
Matrix van tekenreeksen op waarde.
Matrix van structuren met gehele getallen.
Matrix van structuren met tekenreeksen.
Tenzij een matrix expliciet wordt ge marshalld op basis van verwijzing, wordt de matrix standaard marshals als een In-parameter. U kunt dit gedrag wijzigen door de InAttribute en OutAttribute kenmerken expliciet toe te passen.
In het voorbeeld van matrices worden de volgende onbeheerde functies gebruikt, die worden weergegeven met de oorspronkelijke functiedeclaratie:
TestArrayOfInts geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestArrayOfInts(int* pArray, int pSize);
TestRefArrayOfInts geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestRefArrayOfInts(int** ppArray, int* pSize);
TestMatrixOfInts geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestMatrixOfInts(int pMatrix[][COL_DIM], int row);
TestArrayOfStrings geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestArrayOfStrings(char** ppStrArray, int size);
TestArrayOfStructs geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestArrayOfStructs(MYPOINT* pPointArray, int size);
TestArrayOfStructs2 geëxporteerd uit PinvokeLib.dll.
int TestArrayOfStructs2 (MYPERSON* pPersonArray, int size);
PinvokeLib.dll is een aangepaste niet-beheerde bibliotheek die implementaties bevat voor de eerder vermelde functies en twee structuurvariabelen, MYPOINT en MYPERSON. De structuren bevatten de volgende elementen:
typedef struct _MYPOINT
{
int x;
int y;
} MYPOINT;
typedef struct _MYPERSON
{
char* first;
char* last;
} MYPERSON;
In dit voorbeeld bevatten de MyPoint
en MyPerson
structuren ingesloten typen. Het StructLayoutAttribute kenmerk wordt ingesteld om ervoor te zorgen dat de leden opeenvolgend in het geheugen zijn gerangschikt, in de volgorde waarin ze worden weergegeven.
De NativeMethods
klasse bevat een set methoden die door de App
klasse worden aangeroepen. Zie de opmerkingen in het volgende voorbeeld voor specifieke informatie over het doorgeven van matrices. Een matrix, een verwijzingstype, wordt standaard doorgegeven als een In-parameter. Voor het ontvangen van de resultaten moet InAttribute en OutAttribute expliciet worden toegepast op het argument dat de matrix bevat.
Prototypen declareren
// Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MyPoint
{
public int X;
public int Y;
public MyPoint(int x, int y)
{
this.X = x;
this.Y = y;
}
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
public struct MyPerson
{
public string First;
public string Last;
public MyPerson(string first, string last)
{
this.First = first;
this.Last = last;
}
}
internal static class NativeMethods
{
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by value.
// The array size cannot be changed, but the array is copied back.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestArrayOfInts(
[In, Out] int[] array, int size);
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by reference.
// The array size can change, but the array is not copied back
// automatically because the marshaler does not know the resulting size.
// The copy must be performed manually.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestRefArrayOfInts(
ref IntPtr array, ref int size);
// Declares a managed prototype for a matrix of integers by value.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestMatrixOfInts(
[In, Out] int[,] pMatrix, int row);
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of strings by value.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestArrayOfstrings(
[In, Out] string[] stringArray, int size);
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with integers.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestArrayOfStructs(
[In, Out] MyPoint[] pointArray, int size);
// Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with strings.
[DllImport("..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
internal static extern int TestArrayOfStructs2(
[In, Out] MyPerson[] personArray, int size);
}
' Declares a managed structure for each unmanaged structure.
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)>
Public Structure MyPoint
Public x As Integer
Public y As Integer
Public Sub New(x As Integer, y As Integer)
Me.x = x
Me.y = y
End Sub
End Structure
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi)>
Public Structure MyPerson
Public first As String
Public last As String
Public Sub New(first As String, last As String)
Me.first = first
Me.last = last
End Sub
End Structure
Friend Class NativeMethods
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of integers by value.
' The array size cannot be changed, but the array is copied back.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestArrayOfInts(
<[In], Out> ByVal myArray() As Integer, ByVal size As Integer) _
As Integer
End Function
' Declares managed prototype for an array of integers by reference.
' The array size can change, but the array is not copied back
' automatically because the marshaler does not know the resulting size.
' The copy must be performed manually.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestRefArrayOfInts(
ByRef myArray As IntPtr, ByRef size As Integer) As Integer
End Function
' Declares a managed prototype for a matrix of integers by value.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestMatrixOfInts(
<[In], Out> ByVal matrix(,) As Integer, ByVal row As Integer) _
As Integer
End Function
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of strings by value.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestArrayOfStrings(
<[In], Out> ByVal strArray() As String, ByVal size As Integer) _
As Integer
End Function
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with
' integers.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestArrayOfStructs(
<[In], Out> ByVal pointArray() As MyPoint, ByVal size As Integer) _
As Integer
End Function
' Declares a managed prototype for an array of structures with strings.
<DllImport("..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll", CallingConvention:=CallingConvention.Cdecl)>
Friend Shared Function TestArrayOfStructs2(
<[In], Out> ByVal personArray() As MyPerson, ByVal size As Integer) _
As Integer
End Function
End Class
Aanroepende functies
public class App
{
public static void Main()
{
// array ByVal
int[] array1 = new int[10];
Console.WriteLine("Integer array passed ByVal before call:");
for (int i = 0; i < array1.Length; i++)
{
array1[i] = i;
Console.Write(" " + array1[i]);
}
int sum1 = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfInts(array1, array1.Length);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of elements:" + sum1);
Console.WriteLine("\nInteger array passed ByVal after call:");
foreach (int i in array1)
{
Console.Write(" " + i);
}
// array ByRef
int[] array2 = new int[10];
int size = array2.Length;
Console.WriteLine("\n\nInteger array passed ByRef before call:");
for (int i = 0; i < array2.Length; i++)
{
array2[i] = i;
Console.Write(" " + array2[i]);
}
IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Marshal.SizeOf(size)
* array2.Length);
Marshal.Copy(array2, 0, buffer, array2.Length);
int sum2 = NativeMethods.TestRefArrayOfInts(ref buffer, ref size);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of elements:" + sum2);
if (size > 0)
{
int[] arrayRes = new int[size];
Marshal.Copy(buffer, arrayRes, 0, size);
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(buffer);
Console.WriteLine("\nInteger array passed ByRef after call:");
foreach (int i in arrayRes)
{
Console.Write(" " + i);
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nArray after call is empty");
}
// matrix ByVal
const int DIM = 5;
int[,] matrix = new int[DIM, DIM];
Console.WriteLine("\n\nMatrix before call:");
for (int i = 0; i < DIM; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < DIM; j++)
{
matrix[i, j] = j;
Console.Write(" " + matrix[i, j]);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}
int sum3 = NativeMethods.TestMatrixOfInts(matrix, DIM);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of elements:" + sum3);
Console.WriteLine("\nMatrix after call:");
for (int i = 0; i < DIM; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < DIM; j++)
{
Console.Write(" " + matrix[i, j]);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}
// string array ByVal
string[] strArray = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five" };
Console.WriteLine("\n\nstring array before call:");
foreach (string s in strArray)
{
Console.Write(" " + s);
}
int lenSum = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfstrings(strArray, strArray.Length);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of string lengths:" + lenSum);
Console.WriteLine("\nstring array after call:");
foreach (string s in strArray)
{
Console.Write(" " + s);
}
// struct array ByVal
MyPoint[] points = { new MyPoint(1, 1), new MyPoint(2, 2), new MyPoint(3, 3) };
Console.WriteLine("\n\nPoints array before call:");
foreach (MyPoint p in points)
{
Console.WriteLine($"X = {p.X}, Y = {p.Y}");
}
int allSum = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfStructs(points, points.Length);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of points:" + allSum);
Console.WriteLine("\nPoints array after call:");
foreach (MyPoint p in points)
{
Console.WriteLine($"X = {p.X}, Y = {p.Y}");
}
// struct with strings array ByVal
MyPerson[] persons =
{
new MyPerson("Kim", "Akers"),
new MyPerson("Adam", "Barr"),
new MyPerson("Jo", "Brown")
};
Console.WriteLine("\n\nPersons array before call:");
foreach (MyPerson pe in persons)
{
Console.WriteLine($"First = {pe.First}, Last = {pe.Last}");
}
int namesSum = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfStructs2(persons, persons.Length);
Console.WriteLine("\nSum of name lengths:" + namesSum);
Console.WriteLine("\n\nPersons array after call:");
foreach (MyPerson pe in persons)
{
Console.WriteLine($"First = {pe.First}, Last = {pe.Last}");
}
}
}
Public Class App
Public Shared Sub Main()
' array ByVal
Dim array1(9) As Integer
Console.WriteLine("Integer array passed ByVal before call:")
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To array1.Length - 1
array1(i) = i
Console.Write(" " & array1(i))
Next i
Dim sum1 As Integer = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfInts(array1, array1.Length)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum1)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Integer array passed ByVal after call:")
For Each i In array1
Console.Write(" " & i)
Next i
' array ByRef
Dim array2(9) As Integer
Dim arraySize As Integer = array2.Length
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf &
"Integer array passed ByRef before call:")
For i = 0 To array2.Length - 1
array2(i) = i
Console.Write(" " & array2(i))
Next i
Dim buffer As IntPtr = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Marshal.SizeOf(
arraySize) * array2.Length)
Marshal.Copy(array2, 0, buffer, array2.Length)
Dim sum2 As Integer = NativeMethods.TestRefArrayOfInts(buffer,
arraySize)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum2)
If arraySize > 0 Then
Dim arrayRes(arraySize - 1) As Integer
Marshal.Copy(buffer, arrayRes, 0, arraySize)
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(buffer)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Integer array passed ByRef after call:")
For Each i In arrayRes
Console.Write(" " & i)
Next i
Else
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Array after call is empty")
End If
' matrix ByVal
Const [DIM] As Integer = 4
Dim matrix([DIM], [DIM]) As Integer
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf &
"Matrix before call:")
For i = 0 To [DIM]
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To [DIM]
matrix(i, j) = j
Console.Write(" " & matrix(i, j))
Next j
Console.WriteLine("")
Next i
Dim sum3 As Integer = NativeMethods.TestMatrixOfInts(matrix, [DIM] + 1)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of elements:" & sum3)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Matrix after call:")
For i = 0 To [DIM]
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To [DIM]
Console.Write(" " & matrix(i, j))
Next j
Console.WriteLine("")
Next i
' string array ByVal
Dim strArray As String() = {"one", "two", "three", "four",
"five"}
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf &
"String array before call:")
Dim s As String
For Each s In strArray
Console.Write(" " & s)
Next s
Dim lenSum As Integer = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfStrings(
strArray, strArray.Length)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf &
"Sum of string lengths:" & lenSum)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "String array after call:")
For Each s In strArray
Console.Write(" " & s)
Next s
' struct array ByVal
Dim points As MyPoint() = {New MyPoint(1, 1), New MyPoint(2, 2),
New MyPoint(3, 3)}
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf &
"Points array before call:")
Dim p As MyPoint
For Each p In points
Console.WriteLine($"x = {p.x}, y = {p.y}")
Next p
Dim allSum As Integer = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfStructs(points,
points.Length)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of points:" & allSum)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Points array after call:")
For Each p In points
Console.WriteLine($"x = {p.x}, y = {p.y}")
Next p
' struct with strings array ByVal
Dim persons As MyPerson() = {New MyPerson("Kim", "Akers"),
New MyPerson("Adam", "Barr"),
New MyPerson("Jo", "Brown")}
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf &
"Persons array before call:")
Dim pe As MyPerson
For Each pe In persons
Console.WriteLine($"first = {pe.first}, last = {pe.last}")
Next pe
Dim namesSum As Integer = NativeMethods.TestArrayOfStructs2(persons,
persons.Length)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Sum of name lengths:" &
namesSum)
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & ControlChars.CrLf _
& "Persons array after call:")
For Each pe In persons
Console.WriteLine($"first = {pe.first}, last = {pe.last}")
Next pe
End Sub
End Class