Quickstart: Een openbare load balancer maken om taken van VM's te verdelen met behulp van een ARM-sjabloon
In deze quickstart wordt getoond hoe u taken van VM's kunt verdelen met een standaard load balancer. De load balancer verdeelt verkeer over meerdere virtuele machines in een back-endpool. De sjabloon maakt ook een virtueel netwerk, netwerkinterfaces, een NAT-gateway en een Azure Bastion-exemplaar.
Als u een ARM-sjabloon gebruikt, hoeft u minder stappen te voltooien in vergelijking met andere implementatiemethoden.
Een Azure Resource Manager-sjabloon is een JSON-bestand (JavaScript Object Notation) dat de infrastructuur en configuratie voor uw project definieert. Voor de sjabloon is declaratieve syntaxis vereist. U beschrijft de beoogde implementatie zonder de reeks programmeeropdrachten te schrijven om de implementatie te maken.
Als uw omgeving voldoet aan de vereisten en u benkend bent met het gebruik van ARM-sjablonen, selecteert u de knop Implementeren naar Azure. De sjabloon wordt in Azure Portal geopend.
Vereisten
Als u geen Azure-abonnement hebt, maakt u een gratis account voordat u begint.
De sjabloon controleren
De sjabloon die in deze quickstart wordt gebruikt, komt uit Azure-snelstartsjablonen.
SKU's voor openbare IP-adressen en SKU's voor load balancers moeten overeenkomen. Wanneer u een standaard load balancer maakt, moet u ook een nieuw, standaard, openbaar IP-adres maken dat als de front-end wordt geconfigureerd voor de standaard load balancer. Als u een basis load balancer wilt maken, gebruikt u deze sjabloon. Microsoft adviseert een standaard-SKU voor productieworkloads.
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"metadata": {
"_generator": {
"name": "bicep",
"version": "0.26.54.24096",
"templateHash": "14680538243429534307"
}
},
"parameters": {
"projectName": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies a project name that is used for generating resource names."
}
},
"location": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies the location for all of the resources created by this template."
}
},
"adminUsername": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies the virtual machine administrator username."
}
},
"adminPassword": {
"type": "securestring",
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies the virtual machine administrator password."
}
},
"vmSize": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
"metadata": {
"description": "Size of the virtual machine"
}
},
"OSVersion": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
"allowedValues": [
"2016-datacenter-gensecond",
"2016-datacenter-server-core-g2",
"2016-datacenter-server-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2016-datacenter-smalldisk-g2",
"2016-datacenter-with-containers-g2",
"2016-datacenter-zhcn-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-with-containers-g2",
"2019-datacenter-core-with-containers-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-gensecond",
"2019-datacenter-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-with-containers-g2",
"2019-datacenter-with-containers-smalldisk-g2",
"2019-datacenter-zhcn-g2",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-core",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-core-smalldisk",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition-smalldisk",
"2022-datacenter-core-g2",
"2022-datacenter-core-smalldisk-g2",
"2022-datacenter-g2",
"2022-datacenter-smalldisk-g2"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "The Windows version for the VM. This will pick a fully patched image of this given Windows version."
}
},
"imageSku": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "vs-2019-ent-latest-win11-n-gen2",
"allowedValues": [
"vs-2019-ent-latest-win11-n-gen2",
"vs-2019-pro-general-win11-m365-gen2",
"vs-2019-comm-latest-win11-n-gen2",
"vs-2019-ent-general-win10-m365-gen2",
"vs-2019-ent-general-win11-m365-gen2",
"vs-2019-pro-general-win10-m365-gen2"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Linux Sku"
}
},
"securityType": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "TrustedLaunch",
"allowedValues": [
"Standard",
"TrustedLaunch"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Security Type of the Virtual Machine."
}
}
},
"variables": {
"securityProfileJson": {
"uefiSettings": {
"secureBootEnabled": true,
"vTpmEnabled": true
},
"securityType": "[parameters('securityType')]"
},
"lbName": "[format('{0}-lb', parameters('projectName'))]",
"lbSkuName": "Standard",
"lbPublicIpAddressName": "[format('{0}-lbPublicIP', parameters('projectName'))]",
"lbFrontEndName": "LoadBalancerFrontEnd",
"lbBackendPoolName": "LoadBalancerBackEndPool",
"lbProbeName": "loadBalancerHealthProbe",
"nsgName": "[format('{0}-nsg', parameters('projectName'))]",
"vNetName": "[format('{0}-vnet', parameters('projectName'))]",
"vNetAddressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
"vNetSubnetName": "BackendSubnet",
"vNetSubnetAddressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
"bastionName": "[format('{0}-bastion', parameters('projectName'))]",
"bastionSubnetName": "AzureBastionSubnet",
"vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix": "10.0.1.0/24",
"bastionPublicIPAddressName": "[format('{0}-bastionPublicIP', parameters('projectName'))]",
"vmStorageAccountType": "Premium_LRS",
"extensionName": "GuestAttestation",
"extensionPublisher": "Microsoft.Azure.Security.WindowsAttestation",
"extensionVersion": "1.0",
"maaTenantName": "GuestAttestation",
"maaEndpoint": "[substring('emptyString', 0, 0)]",
"ascReportingEndpoint": "[substring('emptystring', 0, 0)]",
"natGatewayName": "[format('{0}-natgateway', parameters('projectName'))]",
"natGatewayPublicIPAddressName": "[format('{0}-natPublicIP', parameters('projectName'))]"
},
"resources": [
{
"copy": {
"name": "project_vm_1_networkInterface",
"count": "[length(range(0, 3))]"
},
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[format('{0}-vm{1}-networkInterface', parameters('projectName'), add(range(0, 3)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "ipconfig1",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
},
"loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('lbName'), variables('lbBackendPoolName'))]"
}
]
}
}
],
"networkSecurityGroup": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('nsgName'))]"
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('lbName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', variables('nsgName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"copy": {
"name": "project_vm_1_InstallWebServer",
"count": "[length(range(0, 3))]"
},
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions",
"apiVersion": "2021-11-01",
"name": "[format('{0}-vm{1}/InstallWebServer', parameters('projectName'), add(range(0, 3)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"publisher": "Microsoft.Compute",
"type": "CustomScriptExtension",
"typeHandlerVersion": "1.10",
"autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
"settings": {
"commandToExecute": "powershell.exe Install-WindowsFeature -name Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools && powershell.exe remove-item 'C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\iisstart.htm' && powershell.exe Add-Content -Path 'C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\iisstart.htm' -Value $('Hello World from ' + $env:computername)"
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"project_vm_1"
]
},
{
"copy": {
"name": "project_vm_1",
"count": "[length(range(1, 3))]"
},
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
"apiVersion": "2021-11-01",
"name": "[format('{0}-vm{1}', parameters('projectName'), range(1, 3)[copyIndex()])]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"zones": [
"[string(range(1, 3)[copyIndex()])]"
],
"properties": {
"hardwareProfile": {
"vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
},
"storageProfile": {
"imageReference": {
"publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
"offer": "WindowsServer",
"sku": "[parameters('OSVersion')]",
"version": "latest"
},
"osDisk": {
"createOption": "FromImage",
"managedDisk": {
"storageAccountType": "[variables('vmStorageAccountType')]"
}
}
},
"networkProfile": {
"networkInterfaces": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}-vm{1}-networkInterface', parameters('projectName'), range(1, 3)[copyIndex()]))]"
}
]
},
"osProfile": {
"computerName": "[format('{0}-vm{1}', parameters('projectName'), range(1, 3)[copyIndex()])]",
"adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
"adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]",
"windowsConfiguration": {
"enableAutomaticUpdates": true,
"provisionVMAgent": true
}
},
"securityProfile": "[if(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), variables('securityProfileJson'), null())]"
},
"dependsOn": [
"project_vm_1_networkInterface"
]
},
{
"copy": {
"name": "projectName_vm_1_3_GuestAttestation",
"count": "[length(range(1, 3))]"
},
"condition": "[and(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), and(equals(variables('securityProfileJson').uefiSettings.secureBootEnabled, true()), equals(variables('securityProfileJson').uefiSettings.vTpmEnabled, true())))]",
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions",
"apiVersion": "2022-03-01",
"name": "[format('{0}-vm{1}/GuestAttestation', parameters('projectName'), range(1, 3)[copyIndex()])]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"publisher": "[variables('extensionPublisher')]",
"type": "[variables('extensionName')]",
"typeHandlerVersion": "[variables('extensionVersion')]",
"autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
"enableAutomaticUpgrade": true,
"settings": {
"AttestationConfig": {
"MaaSettings": {
"maaEndpoint": "[variables('maaEndpoint')]",
"maaTenantName": "[variables('maaTenantName')]"
},
"AscSettings": {
"ascReportingEndpoint": "[variables('ascReportingEndpoint')]",
"ascReportingFrequency": ""
},
"useCustomToken": "false",
"disableAlerts": "false"
}
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"project_vm_1"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/natGateways",
"apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
"name": "[variables('natGatewayName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"properties": {
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4,
"publicIpAddresses": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2021-05-01",
"name": "[variables('natGatewayPublicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "Standard"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[variables('vNetBastionSubnetAddressPrefix')]"
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[format('{0}/{1}', variables('vNetName'), variables('vNetSubnetName'))]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[variables('vNetSubnetAddressPrefix')]",
"natGateway": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]"
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/natGateways', variables('natGatewayName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('bastionName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "IpConf",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]"
},
"subnet": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
}
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('vNetName'), variables('bastionSubnetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('bastionPublicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[variables('lbSkuName')]"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('lbName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[variables('lbSkuName')]"
},
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfigurations": [
{
"name": "[variables('lbFrontEndName')]",
"properties": {
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('lbPublicIpAddressName'))]"
}
}
}
],
"backendAddressPools": [
{
"name": "[variables('lbBackendPoolName')]"
}
],
"loadBalancingRules": [
{
"name": "myHTTPRule",
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfiguration": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIPConfigurations', variables('lbName'), variables('lbFrontEndName'))]"
},
"backendAddressPool": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('lbName'), variables('lbBackendPoolName'))]"
},
"frontendPort": 80,
"backendPort": 80,
"enableFloatingIP": false,
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 15,
"protocol": "Tcp",
"enableTcpReset": true,
"loadDistribution": "Default",
"disableOutboundSnat": true,
"probe": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', variables('lbName'), variables('lbProbeName'))]"
}
}
}
],
"probes": [
{
"name": "[variables('lbProbeName')]",
"properties": {
"protocol": "Tcp",
"port": 80,
"intervalInSeconds": 5,
"numberOfProbes": 2
}
}
],
"outboundRules": []
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('lbPublicIpAddressName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('lbPublicIpAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[variables('lbSkuName')]"
},
"properties": {
"publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static"
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('nsgName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"securityRules": [
{
"name": "AllowHTTPInbound",
"properties": {
"protocol": "*",
"sourcePortRange": "*",
"destinationPortRange": "80",
"sourceAddressPrefix": "Internet",
"destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
"access": "Allow",
"priority": 100,
"direction": "Inbound"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
"name": "[variables('vNetName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[variables('vNetAddressPrefix')]"
]
}
}
}
],
"outputs": {
"location": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[parameters('location')]"
},
"name": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[variables('lbName')]"
},
"resourceGroupName": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[resourceGroup().name]"
},
"resourceId": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers', variables('lbName'))]"
}
}
}
Er zijn meerdere Azure-resources gedefinieerd in de sjabloon:
- Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers
- Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses: voor de load balancer, bastionhost en de NAT-gateway.
- Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts
- Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups
- Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
- Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines (3).
- Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces (3).
- Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachine/extensions (3): gebruik dit om de IIS (Internet Information Server) en de webpagina's te configureren.
- Microsoft.Network/natGateways: voor de NAT-gateway.
Belangrijk
De prijzen per uur beginnen vanaf het moment dat Bastion wordt geïmplementeerd, ongeacht het uitgaande gegevensgebruik. Zie Prijzen en SKU's voor meer informatie. Als u Bastion implementeert als onderdeel van een zelfstudie of test, raden we u aan deze resource te verwijderen nadat u deze hebt gebruikt.
Zie Azure-quickstartsjablonen als u meer sjablonen wilt vinden die gerelateerd zijn aan Azure Load Balancer.
De sjabloon implementeren
Selecteer Proberen in het volgende codeblok om Azure Cloud Shell te openen en volg de instructies om u aan te melden bij Azure.
$projectName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter a project name with 12 or less letters or numbers that is used to generate Azure resource names" $location = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the location (i.e. centralus)" $adminUserName = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the virtual machine administrator account name" $adminPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter the virtual machine administrator password" -AsSecureString $resourceGroupName = "${projectName}rg" $templateUri = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/quickstarts/microsoft.network/load-balancer-standard-create/azuredeploy.json" New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location New-AzResourceGroupDeployment -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -TemplateUri $templateUri -Name $projectName -location $location -adminUsername $adminUsername -adminPassword $adminPassword Write-Host "Press [ENTER] to continue."Wacht totdat u de prompt van de console ziet.
Selecteer Kopiëren in het vorige codeblok om het PowerShell-script te kopiëren.
Klik met de rechtermuisknop op het shell-consoledeelvenster en selecteer Plakken.
Voer de waarden in.
Met de sjabloonimplementatie worden drie beschikbaarheidszones gemaakt. Beschikbaarheidszones worden alleen ondersteund in bepaalde regio's. Gebruik een van de ondersteunde regio's. Als u twijfelt, voert u centralus in.
De naam van de resourcegroep is de projectnaam waaraan
rgis toegevoegd. U hebt de naam van de resourcegroep nodig in de volgende sectie.
Het duurt ongeveer 10 minuten om de sjabloon te implementeren. Wanneer voltooid is de uitvoer vergelijkbaar met:
Azure PowerShell wordt gebruikt om de sjabloon te implementeren. U kunt ook Azure Portal, Azure CLI en REST API gebruiken. Zie Sjablonen implementeren voor meer informatie over andere implementatiemethoden.
Geïmplementeerde resources bekijken
Meld u aan bij het Azure-portaal.
Selecteer Resourcegroepen in het linkerdeelvenster.
Selecteer de resourcegroep die u in de vorige sectie hebt gemaakt. De standaardnaam van de resourcegroep is de projectnaam waaraan -rg is toegevoegd.
Selecteer de load balancer. De standaardnaam is de naam van het project met -lb eraan toegevoegd.
Kopieer alleen het IP-adresgedeelte van het openbare IP-adres en plak het in de adresbalk van de browser.
In de browser wordt de standaardpagina van de Internet Information Services-webserver (IIS) weergegeven.
Als u wilt zien hoe de load balancer verkeer distribueert naar alle drie de VM's, kunt u vernieuwing van uw webbrowser afdwingen op de clientcomputer.
Resources opschonen
Wanneer u ze niet meer nodig hebt, verwijdert u de:
- Resourcegroep
- Load balancer
- Verwante resources
Ga naar Azure Portal, selecteer de resourcegroep die de load balancer bevat en selecteer vervolgens Resourcegroep verwijderen.
Volgende stappen
In deze snelstart, gaat u het volgende doen:
- U hebt een virtueel netwerk gemaakt voor de load balancer en virtuele machines.
- U hebt een Azure Bastion-host gemaakt voor beheer.
- Een standaard load balancer gemaakt en er VM's aan gekoppeld.
- De load balancer-verkeersregel en de statustest geconfigureerd.
- De load balancer getest.
Voor meer informatie gaat u door naar de zelfstudies voor Azure Load Balancer.