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Encrypting File System best practices

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Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2

 

Encrypting File System best practices

 

Ensure files intended for encryption are created and remain encrypted

  • Encrypt folders before creating sensitive files in them for maximum security. Doing this causes the files to be created as encrypted and their data is never written to the disk as plaintext.

  • Encrypt the My Documents folder if you save most of your documents to the My Documents folder. This ensures that your personal documents are encrypted by default. For Roaming User Profiles, this should only be done when the My Documents folder is redirected to a network location.

  • Encrypt folders instead of individual files so that, if a program creates temporary files during editing, these are encrypted as well.

Manage private keys to ensure file security

  • The designated recovery agent should export the data recovery certificate and private key to disk, secure them in a safe place, and delete the data recovery private key from the system. In this way, the only person who can recover data for the system is the person who has physical access to the data recovery private key.

  • The number of designated recovery agents should be kept to a minimum. This exposes fewer keys to cryptographic attack and provides a higher level of assurance that encrypted data will not be decrypted inappropriately.

  • Use Microsoft Certificate Services to manage Encrypting File System (EFS) and Data Recovery Agent (DRA) certificates and private keys.

Caution

  • When configuring Certificate Services and using a custom certificate template to issue EFS certificates, do not select the Prompt the user during enrollment and require user input when the private key is used option. This option prevents EFS from using the private key for encryption or decryption.

Provide security and reliability of data at all times

  • Encrypt sensitive data on computers that are members of a domain. This protects against compromise of data though offline cryptographic attacks.

  • Use Internet Protocol security (IPSec) to ensure that data remains encrypted as it is transmitted over the network. EFS can be used in conjunction with Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) to store encrypted data on the Internet. In addition, EFS can be used with Server Message Block (SMB) signing to ensure that the transmission and reception of EFS files across a network is not altered in any way.

  • Back up the entire server that stores server-based encrypted data regularly. This ensures that, in case of data recovery, the profiles that include decryption keys can be restored.