How to: Execute Cleanup Code Using finally (C# Programming Guide)

The purpose of a finally statement is to ensure that the necessary cleanup of objects, usually objects that are holding external resources, occurs immediately, even if an exception is thrown. One example of such cleanup is calling Close on a FileStream immediately after use instead of waiting for the object to be garbage collected by the common language runtime, as follows:

static void CodeWithoutCleanup()
{
    System.IO.FileStream file = null;
    System.IO.FileInfo fileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo("C:\\file.txt");

    file = fileInfo.OpenWrite();
    file.WriteByte(0xF);

    file.Close();
}

Example

To turn the previous code into a try-catch-finally statement, the cleanup code is separated from the working code, as follows.

static void CodeWithCleanup()
{
    System.IO.FileStream file = null;
    System.IO.FileInfo fileInfo = null;

    try
    {
        fileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo("C:\\file.txt");

        file = fileInfo.OpenWrite();
        file.WriteByte(0xF);
    }
    catch(System.UnauthorizedAccessException e)
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
    }
    finally
    {
        if (file != null)
        {
            file.Close();
        }
    }
}

Because an exception can occur at any time within the try block before the OpenWrite() call, or the OpenWrite() call itself could fail, we are not guaranteed that the file is open when we try to close it. The finally block adds a check to make sure that the FileStream object is not null before you call the Close method. Without the null check, the finally block could throw its own NullReferenceException, but throwing exceptions in finally blocks should be avoided if it is possible.

A database connection is another good candidate for being closed in a finally block. Because the number of connections allowed to a database server is sometimes limited, you should close database connections as quickly as possible. If an exception is thrown before you can close your connection, this is another case where using the finally block is better than waiting for garbage collection.

See Also

Reference

Exceptions and Exception Handling (C# Programming Guide)

Exception Handling (C# Programming Guide)

using Statement (C# Reference)

try-catch (C# Reference)

try-finally (C# Reference)

try-catch-finally (C# Reference)

Concepts

C# Programming Guide