How to: Define a Parameter for a Procedure (Visual Basic)

A parameter allows the calling code to pass a value to the procedure when it calls it. You declare each parameter for a procedure the same way you declare a variable, specifying its name and data type. You also specify the passing mechanism, and whether the parameter is optional.

For more information, see Procedure Parameters and Arguments (Visual Basic).

To define a procedure parameter

1. In the procedure declaration, add the parameter name to the procedure's parameter list, separating it from other parameters by commas.

2. Decide the data type of the parameter.

3. Follow the parameter name with an As clause to specify the data type.

4. Decide the passing mechanism you want for the parameter. Normally you pass a parameter by value, unless you want the procedure to be able to change its value in the calling code.

5. Precede the parameter name with ByVal (Visual Basic) or ByRef (Visual Basic) to specify the passing mechanism. For more information, see Differences Between Passing an Argument By Value and By Reference (Visual Basic).

6. If the parameter is optional, precede the passing mechanism with Optional (Visual Basic) and follow the parameter data type with an equal sign (=) and a default value.

   The following example defines the outline of a Sub procedure with three parameters. The first two are required and the third is optional. The parameter declarations are separated in the parameter list by commas.

   Sub updateCustomer(ByRef c As customer, ByVal region As String, 
     Optional ByVal level As Integer = 0)
     ' Insert code to update a customer object. 
   End Sub
   

   The first parameter accepts a customer object, and updateCustomer can directly update the variable passed to c because the argument is passed ByRef (Visual Basic). The procedure cannot change the values of the last two arguments because they are passed ByVal (Visual Basic).

   If the calling code does not supply a value for the level parameter, Visual Basic sets it to the default value of 0.

   If the type checking switch (Option Strict Statement) is Off, the As clause is optional when you define a parameter. However, if any one parameter uses an As clause, all of them must use it. If the type checking switch is On, the As clause is required for every parameter definition.

   Specifying data types for all your programming elements is known as strong typing. When you set Option Strict On, Visual Basic enforces strong typing. This is strongly recommended, for the following reasons:

   • It enables IntelliSense support for your variables and parameters. This allows you to see their properties and other members as you type in your code.

   • It allows the compiler to perform type checking. This helps catch statements that can fail at run time due to errors such as overflow. It also catches calls to methods on objects that do not support them.

   • It results in faster execution of your code. One reason for this is that if you do not specify a data type for a programming element, the Visual Basic compiler assigns it the Object type. Your compiled code might have to convert back and forth between Object and other data types, which reduces performance.

See Also

Tasks

How to: Pass Arguments to a Procedure (Visual Basic)

Concepts

Procedures in Visual Basic

Sub Procedures (Visual Basic)

Function Procedures (Visual Basic)

Passing Arguments by Value and by Reference (Visual Basic)

Recursive Procedures (Visual Basic)

Procedure Overloading (Visual Basic)

Object-Oriented Programming (C# and Visual Basic)

Other Resources

Objects and Classes in Visual Basic