스레드 만들기 및 시작할 때 데이터 전달

업데이트: 2007년 11월

운영 체제 프로세스가 만들어지면 운영 체제에서 원본 응용 프로그램 도메인을 포함하여 해당 프로세스에서 코드를 실행할 스레드를 삽입합니다. 이때부터 반드시 운영 체제 스레드를 만들거나 삭제하지 않아도 응용 프로그램 도메인을 만들고 삭제할 수 있습니다. 실행 중인 코드가 관리 코드인 경우 Thread 형식의 정적 CurrentThread 속성을 검색하여 현재 응용 프로그램 도메인에서 실행 중인 스레드의 Thread 개체를 가져올 수 있습니다. 이 항목에서는 스레드 만들기를 설명하고 데이터를 스레드 프로시저로 전달하는 대체 방법을 설명합니다.

스레드 만들기

새 Thread 개체를 만들면 관리되는 스레드가 새로 만들어집니다. Thread 클래스에 ThreadStart 대리자 또는 ParameterizedThreadStart 대리자를 사용하는 생성자가 있습니다. 대리자는 Start 메서드를 호출할 때 새 스레드가 호출하는 메서드를 래핑합니다. Start를 두 번 이상 호출하면 ThreadStateException이 throw됩니다.

Start 메서드는 새 스레드가 실제로 시작되기 전에 즉시 반환되는 경우가 종종 있습니다. ThreadState 및 IsAlive 속성을 사용하여 언제든지 스레드의 상태를 결정할 수 있지만 스레드의 활동을 동기화하는 데 이러한 속성을 사용하면 안 됩니다.

참고:
스레드가 시작된 후에는 Thread 개체에 대한 참조를 유지할 필요가 없습니다. 스레드는 스레드 프로시저가 종료될 때까지 계속 실행됩니다.

다음 코드 예제에서는 다른 개체의 인스턴스와 정적 메서드를 호출하기 위해 두 개의 새 스레드를 만듭니다.

Imports System
Imports System.Threading

Public Class ServerClass

    ' The method that will be called when the thread is started.
    Public Sub InstanceMethod()
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "ServerClass.InstanceMethod is running on another thread.")

        ' Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        ' threads more apparent.
        Thread.Sleep(3000) 
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "The instance method called by the worker thread has ended.")
    End Sub 'InstanceMethod

    Public Shared Sub StaticMethod()
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "ServerClass.StaticMethod is running on another thread.")

        ' Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        ' threads more apparent.
        Thread.Sleep(5000) 
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "The static method called by the worker thread has ended.")
    End Sub 'StaticMethod
End Class 'ServerClass

Public Class Simple

    Public Shared Sub Main() 
        Console.WriteLine("Thread Simple Sample")

        Dim serverObject As New ServerClass()

        ' Create the thread object, passing in the 
        ' serverObject.InstanceMethod method using a
        ' ThreadStart delegate.
        Dim InstanceCaller As New Thread( _
            New ThreadStart(AddressOf serverObject.InstanceMethod))

        ' Start the thread.
        InstanceCaller.Start()

        Console.WriteLine("The Main() thread calls this after " _
            & "starting the new InstanceCaller thread.")

        ' Create the thread object, passing in the 
        ' serverObject.StaticMethod method using a 
        ' ThreadStart delegate.
        Dim StaticCaller As New Thread( _
            New ThreadStart(AddressOf ServerClass.StaticMethod))

        ' Start the thread.
        StaticCaller.Start()

        Console.WriteLine("The Main() thread calls this after " _
            & "starting the new StaticCaller thread.")

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Simple

using System;
using System.Threading;

public class ServerClass
{
    // The method that will be called when the thread is started.
    public void InstanceMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
            "ServerClass.InstanceMethod is running on another thread.");

        // Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        // threads more apparent.
        Thread.Sleep(3000);
        Console.WriteLine(
            "The instance method called by the worker thread has ended.");
    }

    public static void StaticMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
            "ServerClass.StaticMethod is running on another thread.");

        // Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        // threads more apparent.
        Thread.Sleep(5000);
        Console.WriteLine(
            "The static method called by the worker thread has ended.");
    }
}

public class Simple{
    public static int Main(String[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Thread Simple Sample");

        ServerClass serverObject = new ServerClass();

        // Create the thread object, passing in the 
        // serverObject.InstanceMethod method using a 
        // ThreadStart delegate.
        Thread InstanceCaller = new Thread(
            new ThreadStart(serverObject.InstanceMethod));

        // Start the thread.
        InstanceCaller.Start();

        Console.WriteLine("The Main() thread calls this after " 
            + "starting the new InstanceCaller thread.");

        // Create the thread object, passing in the 
        // serverObject.StaticMethod method using a 
        // ThreadStart delegate.
        Thread StaticCaller = new Thread(
            new ThreadStart(ServerClass.StaticMethod));

        // Start the thread.
        StaticCaller.Start();

        Console.WriteLine("The Main() thread calls this after "
            + "starting the new StaticCaller thread.");

        return 0;
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;

public ref class ServerClass
{
public:

    // The method that will be called when the thread is started.
    void InstanceMethod()
    {
        Console::WriteLine(
            "ServerClass->InstanceMethod is running on another thread.");

        // Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        // threads more apparent.
        Thread::Sleep(3000);
        Console::WriteLine(
            "The instance method called by the worker thread has ended.");
    }

    static void StaticMethod()
    {
        Console::WriteLine(
            "ServerClass::StaticMethod is running on another thread.");

        // Pause for a moment to provide a delay to make 
        // threads more apparent.
        Thread::Sleep(5000);
        Console::WriteLine(
            "The static method called by the worker thread has ended.");
    }
};

void main()
{
    Console::WriteLine("Thread Simple Sample");

    ServerClass^ serverObject = gcnew ServerClass();

    // Create the thread object, passing in a ThreadStart delegate
    // representing an instance of ServerClass and the 
    // ServerClass::InstanceMethod method.
    Thread^ InstanceCaller = gcnew Thread(
        gcnew ThreadStart(serverObject, &ServerClass::InstanceMethod));

    // Start the thread.
    InstanceCaller->Start();

    Console::WriteLine("The main thread has " 
        + "started the new InstanceMethod thread.");

    // Create the thread object, passing in a ThreadStart delegate 
    // representing the static ServerClass::StaticMethod method.
    Thread^ StaticCaller = gcnew Thread(
        gcnew ThreadStart(&ServerClass::StaticMethod));

    // Start the thread.
    StaticCaller->Start();

    Console::WriteLine("The main thread has called "
        + "the new StaticMethod thread.");
}

데이터를 스레드에 전달 및 스레드에서 데이터 검색

.NET Framework 버전 2.0에서 ParameterizedThreadStart 대리자는 Thread.Start 메서드 오버로드를 호출할 때 데이터를 포함하는 개체를 스레드에 간단하게 전달할 수 있는 방법을 제공합니다. 코드 예제를 보려면 ParameterizedThreadStart를 참조하십시오.

Thread.Start 메서드 오버로드에서 모든 개체를 허용하기 때문에 ParameterizedThreadStart 대리자를 사용하는 것은 데이터를 전달하는 데 있어 형식이 안전한 방법이 아닙니다. 대안은 스레드 프로시저 및 도우미 클래스의 데이터를 캡슐화하고 ThreadStart 대리자를 사용하여 스레드 프로시저를 실행하는 것입니다. 이 방법은 다음 두 가지 코드 예제에서 보여 줍니다.

데이터를 비동기 호출로부터 반환할 장소가 없기 때문에 이러한 대리자 모두에 반환 값이 없습니다. 스레드 메서드의 결과를 검색하려면 두 번째 코드 예제에서와 같이 콜백 메서드를 사용합니다.

Imports System
Imports System.Threading

' The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
' a task, and the method that executes the task.
'
Public Class ThreadWithState
    ' State information used in the task.
    Private boilerplate As String
    Private value As Integer

    ' The constructor obtains the state information.
    Public Sub New(ByVal text As String, ByVal number As Integer)
        boilerplate = text
        value = number
    End Sub

    ' The thread procedure performs the task, such as formatting 
    ' and printing a document.
    Public Sub ThreadProc()
        Console.WriteLine(boilerplate, value) 
    End Sub
End Class

' Entry point for the example.
'
Public Class Example
    Public Shared Sub Main()

        ' Supply the state information required by the task.
        Dim tws As New ThreadWithState( _
            "This report displays the number {0}.", 42)

        ' Create a thread to execute the task, and then
        ' start the thread.
        Dim t As New Thread(AddressOf tws.ThreadProc)
        t.Start()
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.")
        t.Join()
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "Independent task has completed; main thread ends.")  
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Threading;

// The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
// a task, and the method that executes the task.
//
public class ThreadWithState {
    // State information used in the task.
    private string boilerplate;
    private int value;

    // The constructor obtains the state information.
    public ThreadWithState(string text, int number) 
    {
        boilerplate = text;
        value = number;
    }

    // The thread procedure performs the task, such as formatting 
    // and printing a document.
    public void ThreadProc() 
    {
        Console.WriteLine(boilerplate, value); 
    }
}

// Entry point for the example.
//
public class Example {
    public static void Main() 
    {
        // Supply the state information required by the task.
        ThreadWithState tws = new ThreadWithState(
            "This report displays the number {0}.", 42);

        // Create a thread to execute the task, and then
        // start the thread.
        Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(tws.ThreadProc));
        t.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.");
        t.Join();
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Independent task has completed; main thread ends.");  
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;

// The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
// a task, and the method that executes the task.
//
public ref class ThreadWithState 
{
private:
    // State information used in the task.
    String^ boilerplate;
    int value;

public:
    // The constructor obtains the state information.
    ThreadWithState(String^ text, int number) 
    {
        boilerplate = text;
        value = number;
    }

    // The thread procedure performs the task, such as formatting 
    // and printing a document.
    void ThreadProc() 
    {
        Console::WriteLine(boilerplate, value); 
    }
};

// Entry point for the example.
//
void main() 
{
    // Supply the state information required by the task.
    ThreadWithState^ tws = gcnew ThreadWithState(
        "This report displays the number {0}.", 42);

    // Create a thread to execute the task, and then
    // start the thread.
    Thread^ t = gcnew Thread(
        gcnew ThreadStart(tws, &ThreadWithState::ThreadProc));
    t->Start();
    Console::WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.");
    t->Join();
    Console::WriteLine(
        "Independent task has completed; main thread ends.");  
}

콜백 메서드로 데이터 검색

다음 예제에서는 스레드에서 데이터를 검색하는 콜백 메서드를 보여 줍니다. 또한 데이터 및 스레드 메서드를 포함하는 클래스의 생성자는 콜백 메서드를 나타내는 대리자를 받아들이므로 스레드 메서드가 종료되기 전에 콜백 대리자를 호출합니다.

Imports System
Imports System.Threading

' The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
' a task, the method that executes the task, and a delegate
' to call when the task is complete.
'
Public Class ThreadWithState
    ' State information used in the task.
    Private boilerplate As String
    Private value As Integer

    ' Delegate used to execute the callback method when the
    ' task is complete.
    Private callback As ExampleCallback

    ' The constructor obtains the state information and the
    ' callback delegate.
    Public Sub New(ByVal text As String, ByVal number As Integer, _
                   ByVal callbackDelegate As ExampleCallback)
        boilerplate = text
        value = number
        callback = callbackDelegate
    End Sub

    ' The thread procedure performs the task, such as
    ' formatting and printing a document, and then invokes
    ' the callback delegate with the number of lines printed.
    Public Sub ThreadProc()
        Console.WriteLine(boilerplate, value) 
        If Not callback Is Nothing Then callback(1)
    End Sub
End Class

' Delegate that defines the signature for the callback method.
'
Public Delegate Sub ExampleCallback(ByVal lineCount As Integer)

' Entry point for the example.
'
Public Class Example
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Supply the state information required by the task.
        Dim tws As New ThreadWithState( _
            "This report displays the number {0}.", _
            42, _
            New ExampleCallback(AddressOf ResultCallback) _
        )

        Dim t As New Thread(AddressOf tws.ThreadProc)
        t.Start()
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.")
        t.Join()
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "Independent task has completed; main thread ends.")  
    End Sub

    ' The callback method must match the signature of the
    ' callback delegate.
    '
    Public Shared Sub ResultCallback(ByVal lineCount As Integer)
        Console.WriteLine("Independent task printed {0} lines.", _
            lineCount)  
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Threading;

// The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
// a task, the method that executes the task, and a delegate
// to call when the task is complete.
//
public class ThreadWithState {
    // State information used in the task.
    private string boilerplate;
    private int value;

    // Delegate used to execute the callback method when the
    // task is complete.
    private ExampleCallback callback;

    // The constructor obtains the state information and the
    // callback delegate.
    public ThreadWithState(string text, int number, 
        ExampleCallback callbackDelegate) 
    {
        boilerplate = text;
        value = number;
        callback = callbackDelegate;
    }
    
    // The thread procedure performs the task, such as
    // formatting and printing a document, and then invokes
    // the callback delegate with the number of lines printed.
    public void ThreadProc() 
    {
        Console.WriteLine(boilerplate, value);
        if (callback != null)
            callback(1);
    }
}

// Delegate that defines the signature for the callback method.
//
public delegate void ExampleCallback(int lineCount);

// Entry point for the example.
//
public class Example 
{
    public static void Main() 
    {
        // Supply the state information required by the task.
        ThreadWithState tws = new ThreadWithState(
            "This report displays the number {0}.",
            42,
            new ExampleCallback(ResultCallback)
        );

        Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(tws.ThreadProc));
        t.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.");
        t.Join();
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Independent task has completed; main thread ends."); 
    }

    // The callback method must match the signature of the
    // callback delegate.
    //
    public static void ResultCallback(int lineCount) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine(
            "Independent task printed {0} lines.", lineCount);
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;

// Delegate that defines the signature for the callback method.
//
public delegate void ExampleCallback(int lineCount);

// The ThreadWithState class contains the information needed for
// a task, the method that executes the task, and a delegate
// to call when the task is complete.
//
public ref class ThreadWithState 
{
private:
    // State information used in the task.
    String^ boilerplate;
    int value;

    // Delegate used to execute the callback method when the
    // task is complete.
    ExampleCallback^ callback;

public:
    // The constructor obtains the state information and the
    // callback delegate.
    ThreadWithState(String^ text, int number, 
        ExampleCallback^ callbackDelegate)  
    {
        boilerplate = text;
        value = number;
        callback = callbackDelegate;
    }

    // The thread procedure performs the task, such as
    // formatting and printing a document, and then invokes
    // the callback delegate with the number of lines printed.
    void ThreadProc() 
    {
        Console::WriteLine(boilerplate, value); 
        if (callback != nullptr)
            callback(1);
    }
};

public ref class Example
{
public:
    static void Demo()
    {
        // Supply the state information required by the task.
        ThreadWithState^ tws = gcnew ThreadWithState(
            "This report displays the number {0}.",
            42,
            gcnew ExampleCallback(&Example::ResultCallback)
        );

        // Create a thread to execute the task, and then
        // start the thread.
        Thread^ t = gcnew Thread(
            gcnew ThreadStart(tws, &ThreadWithState::ThreadProc));
        t->Start();
        Console::WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then waits.");
        t->Join();
        Console::WriteLine(
            "Independent task has completed; main thread ends.");  
    }

private:
    // The callback method must match the signature of the
    // callback delegate.
    //
    static void ResultCallback(int lineCount) 
    {
        Console::WriteLine(
            "Independent task printed {0} lines.", lineCount);
    }
};

// Entry point for the example.
//
void main() 
{
    Example::Demo();
}

참고 항목

참조

Thread

ThreadStart

ParameterizedThreadStart

Thread.Start

기타 리소스

관리되는 스레딩

스레드 및 스레딩 사용