방법: 스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 Windows Forms 컨트롤 호출

업데이트: 2007년 11월

Windows Forms 응용 프로그램의 성능 향상을 위해 다중 스레딩을 사용할 경우 스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 컨트롤을 호출하도록 주의해야 합니다.

예제

Windows Forms 컨트롤에 대한 액세스는 기본적으로 스레드로부터 안전하지 않습니다. 컨트롤 상태를 조작하는 스레드가 두 개 이상 있는 경우 컨트롤이 일관성 없는 상태가 될 수 있습니다. 경합 상태, 교착 상태 등의 다른 스레드 관련 버그가 발생할 수 있습니다. 따라서 컨트롤에 대한 액세스가 스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 수행되는지 확인해야 합니다.

.NET Framework에서는 사용자가 스레드로부터 안전하지 않은 방식으로 컨트롤에 액세스할 경우 이를 감지할 수 있습니다. 디버거에서 응용 프로그램을 실행할 때 컨트롤을 만든 스레드가 아닌 스레드에서 해당 컨트롤을 호출하려고 하면 디버거에서 InvalidOperationException을 발생시키고 "컨트롤 이름 컨트롤이 자신이 만들어진 스레드가 아닌 스레드에서 액세스되었습니다."라는 메시지를 표시합니다.

이 예외는 일부 환경에서 런타임에 디버깅하는 동안 안정적으로 발생합니다. 이 예외가 발생할 경우 문제를 수정하는 것이 좋습니다. 이 예외는 .NET Framework 2.0 이전 버전에서 작성한 응용 프로그램을 디버깅할 때 발생할 수 있습니다.

참고:
CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls 속성 값을 false로 설정하여 이 예외를 비활성화할 수 있습니다. 그러면 컨트롤이 Visual Studio 2003에서와 같은 방식으로 실행됩니다.

다음 코드 예제에서는 작업자 스레드에서 스레드로부터 안전한 방식과 스레드로부터 안전하지 않은 방식으로 Windows Forms 컨트롤을 호출하는 방법을 보여 줍니다. 또한 스레드로부터 안전하지 않은 방식으로 TextBox 컨트롤의 Text 속성을 설정하는 방법과 스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 Text 속성을 설정하는 두 가지 방법을 보여 줍니다.

Imports System
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
   Inherits Form

   ' This delegate enables asynchronous calls for setting
   ' the text property on a TextBox control.
   Delegate Sub SetTextCallback([text] As String)

   ' This thread is used to demonstrate both thread-safe and
   ' unsafe ways to call a Windows Forms control.
   Private demoThread As Thread = Nothing

   ' This BackgroundWorker is used to demonstrate the 
   ' preferred way of performing asynchronous operations.
   Private WithEvents backgroundWorker1 As BackgroundWorker

   Private textBox1 As TextBox
   Private WithEvents setTextUnsafeBtn As Button
   Private WithEvents setTextSafeBtn As Button
   Private WithEvents setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn As Button

   Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer = Nothing


   Public Sub New()
      InitializeComponent()
    End Sub


   Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposing AndAlso (components IsNot Nothing) Then
         components.Dispose()
      End If
      MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub


   ' This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
   ' Windows Forms control in an unsafe way.
    Private Sub setTextUnsafeBtn_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextUnsafeBtn.Click

        Me.demoThread = New Thread( _
        New ThreadStart(AddressOf Me.ThreadProcUnsafe))

        Me.demoThread.Start()
    End Sub


   ' This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
   ' an unsafe call on the TextBox control.
   Private Sub ThreadProcUnsafe()
      Me.textBox1.Text = "This text was set unsafely."
   End Sub 

   ' This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
   ' Windows Forms control in a thread-safe way.
    Private Sub setTextSafeBtn_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextSafeBtn.Click

        Me.demoThread = New Thread( _
        New ThreadStart(AddressOf Me.ThreadProcSafe))

        Me.demoThread.Start()
    End Sub


   ' This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
   ' a thread-safe call on the TextBox control.
   Private Sub ThreadProcSafe()
      Me.SetText("This text was set safely.")
    End Sub

   ' This method demonstrates a pattern for making thread-safe
   ' calls on a Windows Forms control. 
   '
   ' If the calling thread is different from the thread that
   ' created the TextBox control, this method creates a
   ' SetTextCallback and calls itself asynchronously using the
   ' Invoke method.
   '
   ' If the calling thread is the same as the thread that created
    ' the TextBox control, the Text property is set directly. 

    Private Sub SetText(ByVal [text] As String)

        ' InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the
        ' calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.
        ' If these threads are different, it returns true.
        If Me.textBox1.InvokeRequired Then
            Dim d As New SetTextCallback(AddressOf SetText)
            Me.Invoke(d, New Object() {[text]})
        Else
            Me.textBox1.Text = [text]
        End If
    End Sub

   ' This event handler starts the form's 
   ' BackgroundWorker by calling RunWorkerAsync.
   '
   ' The Text property of the TextBox control is set
   ' when the BackgroundWorker raises the RunWorkerCompleted
   ' event.
    Private Sub setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Click
        Me.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync()
    End Sub


   ' This event handler sets the Text property of the TextBox
   ' control. It is called on the thread that created the 
   ' TextBox control, so the call is thread-safe.
   '
   ' BackgroundWorker is the preferred way to perform asynchronous
   ' operations.
    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) _
    Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted
        Me.textBox1.Text = _
        "This text was set safely by BackgroundWorker."
    End Sub

   #Region "Windows Form Designer generated code"


   Private Sub InitializeComponent()
      Me.textBox1 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox()
      Me.setTextUnsafeBtn = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.setTextSafeBtn = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.backgroundWorker1 = New System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker()
      Me.SuspendLayout()
      ' 
      ' textBox1
      ' 
      Me.textBox1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 12)
      Me.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"
      Me.textBox1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(240, 20)
      Me.textBox1.TabIndex = 0
      ' 
      ' setTextUnsafeBtn
      ' 
      Me.setTextUnsafeBtn.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(15, 55)
      Me.setTextUnsafeBtn.Name = "setTextUnsafeBtn"
      Me.setTextUnsafeBtn.TabIndex = 1
      Me.setTextUnsafeBtn.Text = "Unsafe Call"
      ' 
      ' setTextSafeBtn
      ' 
      Me.setTextSafeBtn.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(96, 55)
      Me.setTextSafeBtn.Name = "setTextSafeBtn"
      Me.setTextSafeBtn.TabIndex = 2
      Me.setTextSafeBtn.Text = "Safe Call"
      ' 
      ' setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn
      ' 
      Me.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(177, 55)
      Me.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Name = "setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn"
      Me.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.TabIndex = 3
      Me.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Text = "Safe BW Call"
      ' 
      ' backgroundWorker1
      ' 
      ' 
      ' Form1
      ' 
      Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(268, 96)
      Me.Controls.Add(setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn)
      Me.Controls.Add(setTextSafeBtn)
      Me.Controls.Add(setTextUnsafeBtn)
      Me.Controls.Add(textBox1)
      Me.Name = "Form1"
      Me.Text = "Form1"
      Me.ResumeLayout(False)
      Me.PerformLayout()
   End Sub 'InitializeComponent 

   #End Region

   <STAThread()>  _
   Shared Sub Main()
      Application.EnableVisualStyles()
      Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace CrossThreadDemo
{
    public class Form1 : Form
    {
        // This delegate enables asynchronous calls for setting
        // the text property on a TextBox control.
        delegate void SetTextCallback(string text);

        // This thread is used to demonstrate both thread-safe and
        // unsafe ways to call a Windows Forms control.
        private Thread demoThread = null;

        // This BackgroundWorker is used to demonstrate the 
        // preferred way of performing asynchronous operations.
        private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;

        private TextBox textBox1;
        private Button setTextUnsafeBtn;
        private Button setTextSafeBtn;
        private Button setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn;

        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        // This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
        // Windows Forms control in an unsafe way.
        private void setTextUnsafeBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.demoThread = 
                new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.ThreadProcUnsafe));

            this.demoThread.Start();
        }

        // This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
        // an unsafe call on the TextBox control.
        private void ThreadProcUnsafe()
        {
            this.textBox1.Text = "This text was set unsafely.";
        }

        // This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
        // Windows Forms control in a thread-safe way.
        private void setTextSafeBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.demoThread = 
                new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.ThreadProcSafe));

            this.demoThread.Start();
        }

        // This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
        // a thread-safe call on the TextBox control.
        private void ThreadProcSafe()
        {
            this.SetText("This text was set safely.");
        }

        // This method demonstrates a pattern for making thread-safe
        // calls on a Windows Forms control. 
        //
        // If the calling thread is different from the thread that
        // created the TextBox control, this method creates a
        // SetTextCallback and calls itself asynchronously using the
        // Invoke method.
        //
        // If the calling thread is the same as the thread that created
        // the TextBox control, the Text property is set directly. 

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            // InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the
            // calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.
            // If these threads are different, it returns true.
            if (this.textBox1.InvokeRequired)
            {   
                SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(SetText);
                this.Invoke(d, new object[] { text });
            }
            else
            {
                this.textBox1.Text = text;
            }
        }

        // This event handler starts the form's 
        // BackgroundWorker by calling RunWorkerAsync.
        //
        // The Text property of the TextBox control is set
        // when the BackgroundWorker raises the RunWorkerCompleted
        // event.
        private void setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
        }
        
        // This event handler sets the Text property of the TextBox
        // control. It is called on the thread that created the 
        // TextBox control, so the call is thread-safe.
        //
        // BackgroundWorker is the preferred way to perform asynchronous
        // operations.

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
            object sender, 
            RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.textBox1.Text = 
                "This text was set safely by BackgroundWorker.";
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.setTextSafeBtn = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.backgroundWorker1 = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // textBox1
            // 
            this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
            this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
            this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(240, 20);
            this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // setTextUnsafeBtn
            // 
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(15, 55);
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn.Name = "setTextUnsafeBtn";
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn.TabIndex = 1;
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn.Text = "Unsafe Call";
            this.setTextUnsafeBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.setTextUnsafeBtn_Click);
            // 
            // setTextSafeBtn
            // 
            this.setTextSafeBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 55);
            this.setTextSafeBtn.Name = "setTextSafeBtn";
            this.setTextSafeBtn.TabIndex = 2;
            this.setTextSafeBtn.Text = "Safe Call";
            this.setTextSafeBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.setTextSafeBtn_Click);
            // 
            // setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn
            // 
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(177, 55);
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Name = "setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn";
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.TabIndex = 3;
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Text = "Safe BW Call";
            this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn_Click);
            // 
            // backgroundWorker1
            // 
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted += new System.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(this.backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted);
            // 
            // Form1
            // 
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(268, 96);
            this.Controls.Add(this.setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn);
            this.Controls.Add(this.setTextSafeBtn);
            this.Controls.Add(this.setTextUnsafeBtn);
            this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
            this.Name = "Form1";
            this.Text = "Form1";
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.PerformLayout();

        }

        #endregion


        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

    }
}

스레드로부터 안전하지 않은 Windows Forms 컨트롤 호출

스레드로부터 안전하지 않은 Windows Forms 컨트롤을 호출하는 방법은 작업자 스레드에서 직접 호출하는 것입니다. 응용 프로그램을 디버깅할 때 디버거에서는 InvalidOperationException을 발생시키고 컨트롤 호출이 스레드로부터 안전하지 않다는 경고를 표시합니다.

' This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
' Windows Forms control in an unsafe way.
 Private Sub setTextUnsafeBtn_Click( _
 ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextUnsafeBtn.Click

     Me.demoThread = New Thread( _
     New ThreadStart(AddressOf Me.ThreadProcUnsafe))

     Me.demoThread.Start()
 End Sub


' This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
' an unsafe call on the TextBox control.
Private Sub ThreadProcUnsafe()
   Me.textBox1.Text = "This text was set unsafely."
End Sub 

     // This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
        // Windows Forms control in an unsafe way.
        private void setTextUnsafeBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.demoThread = 
                new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.ThreadProcUnsafe));

            this.demoThread.Start();
        }

        // This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
        // an unsafe call on the TextBox control.
        private void ThreadProcUnsafe()
        {
            this.textBox1.Text = "This text was set unsafely.";
        }

스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 Windows Forms 컨트롤 호출

스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 Windows Forms 컨트롤을 호출하려면

1. 컨트롤의 InvokeRequired 속성을 쿼리합니다.

2. InvokeRequired가 true를 반환하는 경우에는 컨트롤을 실제로 호출하는 대리자를 사용하여 Invoke를 호출합니다.

3. InvokeRequired가 false를 반환하는 경우에는 컨트롤을 직접 호출합니다.

다음 코드 예제에서는 SetText라는 유틸리티 메서드에서 이 논리를 구현합니다. SetTextDelegate 대리자 형식은 SetText 메서드를 캡슐화합니다. TextBox 컨트롤의 InvokeRequired가 true를 반환하면 SetText 메서드는 SetTextDelegate 인스턴스를 만들고 폼의 Invoke 메서드를 호출합니다. 그러면 TextBox 컨트롤을 만든 스레드에서 SetText 메서드가 호출되고 이 스레드 컨텍스트에서 Text 속성이 직접 설정됩니다.

' This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
' Windows Forms control in a thread-safe way.
 Private Sub setTextSafeBtn_Click( _
 ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextSafeBtn.Click

     Me.demoThread = New Thread( _
     New ThreadStart(AddressOf Me.ThreadProcSafe))

     Me.demoThread.Start()
 End Sub


' This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
' a thread-safe call on the TextBox control.
Private Sub ThreadProcSafe()
   Me.SetText("This text was set safely.")
 End Sub

     // This event handler creates a thread that calls a 
        // Windows Forms control in a thread-safe way.
        private void setTextSafeBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.demoThread = 
                new Thread(new ThreadStart(this.ThreadProcSafe));

            this.demoThread.Start();
        }

        // This method is executed on the worker thread and makes
        // a thread-safe call on the TextBox control.
        private void ThreadProcSafe()
        {
            this.SetText("This text was set safely.");
        }

' This method demonstrates a pattern for making thread-safe
' calls on a Windows Forms control. 
'
' If the calling thread is different from the thread that
' created the TextBox control, this method creates a
' SetTextCallback and calls itself asynchronously using the
' Invoke method.
'
' If the calling thread is the same as the thread that created
 ' the TextBox control, the Text property is set directly. 

 Private Sub SetText(ByVal [text] As String)

     ' InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the
     ' calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.
     ' If these threads are different, it returns true.
     If Me.textBox1.InvokeRequired Then
         Dim d As New SetTextCallback(AddressOf SetText)
         Me.Invoke(d, New Object() {[text]})
     Else
         Me.textBox1.Text = [text]
     End If
 End Sub

     // This method demonstrates a pattern for making thread-safe
        // calls on a Windows Forms control. 
        //
        // If the calling thread is different from the thread that
        // created the TextBox control, this method creates a
        // SetTextCallback and calls itself asynchronously using the
        // Invoke method.
        //
        // If the calling thread is the same as the thread that created
        // the TextBox control, the Text property is set directly. 

        private void SetText(string text)
        {
            // InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the
            // calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.
            // If these threads are different, it returns true.
            if (this.textBox1.InvokeRequired)
            {   
                SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(SetText);
                this.Invoke(d, new object[] { text });
            }
            else
            {
                this.textBox1.Text = text;
            }
        }

BackgroundWorker를 사용하여 스레드로부터 안전한 방식으로 호출

응용 프로그램에서 다중 스레딩을 구현하는 기본 방법은 BackgroundWorker 구성 요소를 사용하는 것입니다. BackgroundWorker 구성 요소는 다중 스레딩의 이벤트 구동 모델을 사용합니다. 작업자 스레드는 DoWork 이벤트 처리기를 실행하고 컨트롤을 만드는 스레드는 ProgressChanged 및 RunWorkerCompleted 이벤트 처리기를 실행합니다. DoWork 이벤트 처리기에서 컨트롤을 호출하지 마십시오.

다음 코드 예제에는 비동기적으로 수행되는 작업이 없으므로 DoWork 이벤트 처리기 구현이 없습니다. TextBox 컨트롤의 Text 속성은 RunWorkerCompleted 이벤트 처리기에서 직접 설정됩니다.

' This event handler starts the form's 
' BackgroundWorker by calling RunWorkerAsync.
'
' The Text property of the TextBox control is set
' when the BackgroundWorker raises the RunWorkerCompleted
' event.
 Private Sub setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn_Click( _
 ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn.Click
     Me.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync()
 End Sub


' This event handler sets the Text property of the TextBox
' control. It is called on the thread that created the 
' TextBox control, so the call is thread-safe.
'
' BackgroundWorker is the preferred way to perform asynchronous
' operations.
 Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted( _
 ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) _
 Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted
     Me.textBox1.Text = _
     "This text was set safely by BackgroundWorker."
 End Sub

     // This event handler starts the form's 
        // BackgroundWorker by calling RunWorkerAsync.
        //
        // The Text property of the TextBox control is set
        // when the BackgroundWorker raises the RunWorkerCompleted
        // event.
        private void setTextBackgroundWorkerBtn_Click(
            object sender, 
            EventArgs e)
        {
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
        }
        
        // This event handler sets the Text property of the TextBox
        // control. It is called on the thread that created the 
        // TextBox control, so the call is thread-safe.
        //
        // BackgroundWorker is the preferred way to perform asynchronous
        // operations.

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
            object sender, 
            RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.textBox1.Text = 
                "This text was set safely by BackgroundWorker.";
        }

Windows Forms의 ActiveX 컨트롤

폼에서 ActiveX 컨트롤을 사용하는 경우 디버거에서 실행할 때 크로스 스레드 InvalidOperationException이 발생할 수 있습니다. 이런 경우에는 ActiveX 컨트롤에서 다중 스레딩을 지원하지 않습니다. Windows Forms에서의 ActiveX 컨트롤 사용에 대한 자세한 내용은 Windows Forms 및 관리되지 않는 응용 프로그램을 참조하십시오.

Visual Studio를 사용하는 경우에는 Visual Studio 호스팅 프로세스를 비활성화하여 이 예외가 발생하지 않도록 만들 수 있습니다.

강력한 프로그래밍

주의:
어떤 종류의 다중 스레딩을 사용하든지 코드가 매우 심각하고 복잡한 버그에 노출될 수 있습니다. 다중 스레딩을 사용하는 솔루션을 구현하기 전에 관리되는 스레딩을 구현하는 최선의 방법에서 자세한 내용을 참조하십시오.

참고 항목

작업

방법: 백그라운드에서 작업 실행

방법: 백그라운드 작업을 사용하는 폼 구현

참조

BackgroundWorker

기타 리소스

.NET Framework에서 사용자 지정 Windows Forms 컨트롤 개발

Windows Forms 및 관리되지 않는 응용 프로그램