Quickstart: Use .NET (C#) to connect and query data in Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
APPLIES TO: 
Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
Important
Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server is on the retirement path. We strongly recommend that you upgrade to Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Flexible Server. For more information about migrating to Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Flexible Server, see What's happening to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Single Server?.
This quickstart demonstrates how to connect to an Azure Database for PostgreSQL using a C# application. It shows how to use SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database. The steps in this article assume that you are familiar with developing using C#, and that you are new to working with Azure Database for PostgreSQL.
Prerequisites
For this quickstart you need:
An Azure account with an active subscription. Create an account for free.
Create an Azure Database for PostgreSQL single server using Azure portal
or Azure CLI if you do not have one.Based on whether you are using public or private access, complete ONE of the actions below to enable connectivity.
Action Connectivity method How-to guide Configure firewall rules Public Portal
CLIConfigure Service Endpoint Public Portal
CLIConfigure private link Private Portal
CLIInstall the .NET SDK for your platform (Windows, Ubuntu Linux, or macOS) for your platform.
Install Visual Studio to build your project.
Install Npgsql NuGet package in Visual Studio.
Get connection information
Get the connection information needed to connect to the Azure Database for PostgreSQL. You need the fully qualified server name and login credentials.
- Log in to the Azure portal.
- From the left-hand menu in Azure portal, select All resources, and then search for the server you have created (such as mydemoserver).
- Select the server name.
- From the server's Overview panel, make a note of the Server name and Server admin login name. If you forget your password, you can also reset the password from this panel.
Step 1: Connect and insert data
Use the following code to connect and load the data using CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO SQL statements. The code uses NpgsqlCommand class with method:
- Open() to establish a connection to the PostgreSQL database.
- CreateCommand() sets the CommandText property.
- ExecuteNonQuery() method to run the database commands.
Important
Replace the Host, DBName, User, and Password parameters with the values that you specified when you created the server and database.
using System;
using Npgsql;
namespace Driver
{
public class AzurePostgresCreate
{
// Obtain connection string information from the portal
//
private static string Host = "mydemoserver.postgres.database.azure.com";
private static string User = "mylogin@mydemoserver";
private static string DBname = "mypgsqldb";
private static string Password = "<server_admin_password>";
private static string Port = "5432";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Build connection string using parameters from portal
//
string connString =
String.Format(
"Server={0};Username={1};Database={2};Port={3};Password={4};SSLMode=Prefer",
Host,
User,
DBname,
Port,
Password);
using (var conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connString))
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Opening connection");
conn.Open();
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS inventory", conn))
{
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.Out.WriteLine("Finished dropping table (if existed)");
}
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("CREATE TABLE inventory(id serial PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), quantity INTEGER)", conn))
{
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.Out.WriteLine("Finished creating table");
}
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("INSERT INTO inventory (name, quantity) VALUES (@n1, @q1), (@n2, @q2), (@n3, @q3)", conn))
{
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("n1", "banana");
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("q1", 150);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("n2", "orange");
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("q2", 154);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("n3", "apple");
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("q3", 100);
int nRows = command.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.Out.WriteLine(String.Format("Number of rows inserted={0}", nRows));
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press RETURN to exit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Step 2: Read data
Use the following code to connect and read the data using a SELECT SQL statement. The code uses NpgsqlCommand class with method:
- Open() to establish a connection to PostgreSQL.
- CreateCommand() and ExecuteReader() to run the database commands.
- Read() to advance to the record in the results.
- GetInt32() and GetString() to parse the values in the record.
Important
Replace the Host, DBName, User, and Password parameters with the values that you specified when you created the server and database.
using System;
using Npgsql;
namespace Driver
{
public class AzurePostgresRead
{
// Obtain connection string information from the portal
//
private static string Host = "mydemoserver.postgres.database.azure.com";
private static string User = "mylogin@mydemoserver";
private static string DBname = "mypgsqldb";
private static string Password = "<server_admin_password>";
private static string Port = "5432";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Build connection string using parameters from portal
//
string connString =
String.Format(
"Server={0}; User Id={1}; Database={2}; Port={3}; Password={4};SSLMode=Prefer",
Host,
User,
DBname,
Port,
Password);
using (var conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connString))
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Opening connection");
conn.Open();
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("SELECT * FROM inventory", conn))
{
var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(
string.Format(
"Reading from table=({0}, {1}, {2})",
reader.GetInt32(0).ToString(),
reader.GetString(1),
reader.GetInt32(2).ToString()
)
);
}
reader.Close();
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press RETURN to exit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Step 3: Update data
Use the following code to connect and update the data using an UPDATE SQL statement. The code uses NpgsqlCommand class with method:
- Open() to establish a connection to PostgreSQL.
- CreateCommand(), sets the CommandText property.
- ExecuteNonQuery() method to run the database commands.
Important
Replace the Host, DBName, User, and Password parameters with the values that you specified when you created the server and database.
using System;
using Npgsql;
namespace Driver
{
public class AzurePostgresUpdate
{
// Obtain connection string information from the portal
//
private static string Host = "mydemoserver.postgres.database.azure.com";
private static string User = "mylogin@mydemoserver";
private static string DBname = "mypgsqldb";
private static string Password = "<server_admin_password>";
private static string Port = "5432";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Build connection string using parameters from portal
//
string connString =
String.Format(
"Server={0}; User Id={1}; Database={2}; Port={3}; Password={4};SSLMode=Prefer",
Host,
User,
DBname,
Port,
Password);
using (var conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connString))
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Opening connection");
conn.Open();
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("UPDATE inventory SET quantity = @q WHERE name = @n", conn))
{
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("n", "banana");
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("q", 200);
int nRows = command.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.Out.WriteLine(String.Format("Number of rows updated={0}", nRows));
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press RETURN to exit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Step 4: Delete data
Use the following code to connect and delete data using a DELETE SQL statement.
The code uses NpgsqlCommand class with method Open() to establish a connection to the PostgreSQL database. Then, the code uses the CreateCommand() method, sets the CommandText property, and calls the method ExecuteNonQuery() to run the database commands.
Important
Replace the Host, DBName, User, and Password parameters with the values that you specified when you created the server and database.
using System;
using Npgsql;
namespace Driver
{
public class AzurePostgresDelete
{
// Obtain connection string information from the portal
//
private static string Host = "mydemoserver.postgres.database.azure.com";
private static string User = "mylogin@mydemoserver";
private static string DBname = "mypgsqldb";
private static string Password = "<server_admin_password>";
private static string Port = "5432";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Build connection string using parameters from portal
//
string connString =
String.Format(
"Server={0}; User Id={1}; Database={2}; Port={3}; Password={4};SSLMode=Prefer",
Host,
User,
DBname,
Port,
Password);
using (var conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connString))
{
Console.Out.WriteLine("Opening connection");
conn.Open();
using (var command = new NpgsqlCommand("DELETE FROM inventory WHERE name = @n", conn))
{
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("n", "orange");
int nRows = command.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.Out.WriteLine(String.Format("Number of rows deleted={0}", nRows));
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Press RETURN to exit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
Clean up resources
To clean up all resources used during this quickstart, delete the resource group using the following command:
az group delete \
--name $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP \
--yes