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TreeExtensions.FastForest 메서드

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정의

네임스페이스:
Microsoft.ML
어셈블리:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree.dll
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v3.0.1
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.0.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.1.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.2.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.3.1
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.4.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.5.5
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.6.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v1.7.0
패키지:
Microsoft.ML.FastTree v2.0.0

오버로드

FastForest(BinaryClassificationCatalog+BinaryClassificationTrainers, FastForestBinaryTrainer+Options)

의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측하는 고급 옵션을 사용하여 만듭니 FastForestBinaryTrainer 다.
FastForest(RegressionCatalog+RegressionTrainers, FastForestRegressionTrainer+Options)

의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측하는 고급 옵션을 사용하여 만듭니 FastForestRegressionTrainer 다.
FastForest(BinaryClassificationCatalog+BinaryClassificationTrainers, String, String, String, Int32, Int32, Int32)

만들기 FastForestBinaryTrainer- 의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측합니다.
FastForest(RegressionCatalog+RegressionTrainers, String, String, String, Int32, Int32, Int32)

만들기 FastForestRegressionTrainer- 의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측합니다.

FastForest(BinaryClassificationCatalog+BinaryClassificationTrainers, FastForestBinaryTrainer+Options)

의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측하는 고급 옵션을 사용하여 만듭니 FastForestBinaryTrainer 다.

public static Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer FastForest (this Microsoft.ML.BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers catalog, Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer.Options options);
static member FastForest : Microsoft.ML.BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers * Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer.Options -> Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer
<Extension()>
Public Function FastForest (catalog As BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers, options As FastForestBinaryTrainer.Options) As FastForestBinaryTrainer

매개 변수

catalog
BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers

BinaryClassificationCatalog

options
FastForestBinaryTrainer.Options

트레이너 옵션.

반환

FastForestBinaryTrainer

예제

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
using Microsoft.ML.Data;
using Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree;

namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.BinaryClassification
{
    public static class FastForestWithOptions
    {
        // This example requires installation of additional NuGet package for 
        // Microsoft.ML.FastTree at
        // https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.FastTree/
        public static void Example()
        {
            // Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
            // exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
            // and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
            // in this example to make outputs deterministic.
            var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

            // Create a list of training data points.
            var dataPoints = GenerateRandomDataPoints(1000);

            // Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
            // consumable by ML.NET API.
            var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

            // Define trainer options.
            var options = new FastForestBinaryTrainer.Options
            {
                // Only use 80% of features to reduce over-fitting.
                FeatureFraction = 0.8,
                // Create a simpler model by penalizing usage of new features.
                FeatureFirstUsePenalty = 0.1,
                // Reduce the number of trees to 50.
                NumberOfTrees = 50
            };

            // Define the trainer.
            var pipeline = mlContext.BinaryClassification.Trainers
                .FastForest(options);

            // Train the model.
            var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);

            // Create testing data. Use different random seed to make it different
            // from training data.
            var testData = mlContext.Data
                .LoadFromEnumerable(GenerateRandomDataPoints(500, seed: 123));

            // Run the model on test data set.
            var transformedTestData = model.Transform(testData);

            // Convert IDataView object to a list.
            var predictions = mlContext.Data
                .CreateEnumerable<Prediction>(transformedTestData,
                reuseRowObject: false).ToList();

            // Print 5 predictions.
            foreach (var p in predictions.Take(5))
                Console.WriteLine($"Label: {p.Label}, "
                    + $"Prediction: {p.PredictedLabel}");

            // Expected output:
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: False, Prediction: False
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: False, Prediction: True

            // Evaluate the overall metrics.
            var metrics = mlContext.BinaryClassification
                .EvaluateNonCalibrated(transformedTestData);

            PrintMetrics(metrics);

            // Expected output:
            //   Accuracy: 0.73
            //   AUC: 0.81
            //   F1 Score: 0.73
            //   Negative Precision: 0.77
            //   Negative Recall: 0.68
            //   Positive Precision: 0.69
            //   Positive Recall: 0.78
            //
            //   TEST POSITIVE RATIO:    0.4760 (238.0/(238.0+262.0))
            //   Confusion table
            //             ||======================
            //   PREDICTED || positive | negative | Recall
            //   TRUTH     ||======================
            //    positive ||      186 |       52 | 0.7815
            //    negative ||       77 |      185 | 0.7061
            //             ||======================
            //   Precision ||   0.7072 |   0.7806 |
        }

        private static IEnumerable<DataPoint> GenerateRandomDataPoints(int count,
            int seed = 0)

        {
            var random = new Random(seed);
            float randomFloat() => (float)random.NextDouble();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                var label = randomFloat() > 0.5f;
                yield return new DataPoint
                {
                    Label = label,
                    // Create random features that are correlated with the label.
                    // For data points with false label, the feature values are
                    // slightly increased by adding a constant.
                    Features = Enumerable.Repeat(label, 50)
                        .Select(x => x ? randomFloat() : randomFloat() +
                        0.03f).ToArray()

                };
            }
        }

        // Example with label and 50 feature values. A data set is a collection of
        // such examples.
        private class DataPoint
        {
            public bool Label { get; set; }
            [VectorType(50)]
            public float[] Features { get; set; }
        }

        // Class used to capture predictions.
        private class Prediction
        {
            // Original label.
            public bool Label { get; set; }
            // Predicted label from the trainer.
            public bool PredictedLabel { get; set; }
        }

        // Pretty-print BinaryClassificationMetrics objects.
        private static void PrintMetrics(BinaryClassificationMetrics metrics)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Accuracy: {metrics.Accuracy:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"AUC: {metrics.AreaUnderRocCurve:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"F1 Score: {metrics.F1Score:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Negative Precision: " +
                $"{metrics.NegativePrecision:F2}");

            Console.WriteLine($"Negative Recall: {metrics.NegativeRecall:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Positive Precision: " +
                $"{metrics.PositivePrecision:F2}");

            Console.WriteLine($"Positive Recall: {metrics.PositiveRecall:F2}\n");
            Console.WriteLine(metrics.ConfusionMatrix.GetFormattedConfusionTable());
        }
    }
}

적용 대상

FastForest(RegressionCatalog+RegressionTrainers, FastForestRegressionTrainer+Options)

의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측하는 고급 옵션을 사용하여 만듭니 FastForestRegressionTrainer 다.

public static Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer FastForest (this Microsoft.ML.RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers catalog, Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer.Options options);
static member FastForest : Microsoft.ML.RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers * Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer.Options -> Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer
<Extension()>
Public Function FastForest (catalog As RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers, options As FastForestRegressionTrainer.Options) As FastForestRegressionTrainer

매개 변수

catalog
RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers

RegressionCatalog

options
FastForestRegressionTrainer.Options

트레이너 옵션.

반환

FastForestRegressionTrainer

예제

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
using Microsoft.ML.Data;
using Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree;

namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Regression
{
    public static class FastForestWithOptionsRegression
    {
        // This example requires installation of additional NuGet
        // package for Microsoft.ML.FastTree found at
        // https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.FastTree/
        public static void Example()
        {
            // Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
            // exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
            // and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
            // in this example to make outputs deterministic.
            var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

            // Create a list of training data points.
            var dataPoints = GenerateRandomDataPoints(1000);

            // Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
            // consumable by ML.NET API.
            var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

            // Define trainer options.
            var options = new FastForestRegressionTrainer.Options
            {
                LabelColumnName = nameof(DataPoint.Label),
                FeatureColumnName = nameof(DataPoint.Features),
                // Only use 80% of features to reduce over-fitting.
                FeatureFraction = 0.8,
                // Create a simpler model by penalizing usage of new features.
                FeatureFirstUsePenalty = 0.1,
                // Reduce the number of trees to 50.
                NumberOfTrees = 50
            };

            // Define the trainer.
            var pipeline =
                mlContext.Regression.Trainers.FastForest(options);

            // Train the model.
            var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);

            // Create testing data. Use different random seed to make it different
            // from training data.
            var testData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(
                GenerateRandomDataPoints(5, seed: 123));

            // Run the model on test data set.
            var transformedTestData = model.Transform(testData);

            // Convert IDataView object to a list.
            var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<Prediction>(
                transformedTestData, reuseRowObject: false).ToList();

            // Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
            // Label for comparison.
            foreach (var p in predictions)
                Console.WriteLine($"Label: {p.Label:F3}, Prediction: {p.Score:F3}");

            // Expected output:
            //   Label: 0.985, Prediction: 0.866
            //   Label: 0.155, Prediction: 0.171
            //   Label: 0.515, Prediction: 0.470
            //   Label: 0.566, Prediction: 0.476
            //   Label: 0.096, Prediction: 0.140

            // Evaluate the overall metrics
            var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedTestData);
            PrintMetrics(metrics);

            // Expected output:
            //   Mean Absolute Error: 0.06
            //   Mean Squared Error: 0.01
            //   Root Mean Squared Error: 0.07
            //   RSquared: 0.95 (closer to 1 is better. The worst case is 0)
        }

        private static IEnumerable<DataPoint> GenerateRandomDataPoints(int count,
            int seed = 0)
        {
            var random = new Random(seed);
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                float label = (float)random.NextDouble();
                yield return new DataPoint
                {
                    Label = label,
                    // Create random features that are correlated with the label.
                    Features = Enumerable.Repeat(label, 50).Select(
                        x => x + (float)random.NextDouble()).ToArray()
                };
            }
        }

        // Example with label and 50 feature values. A data set is a collection of
        // such examples.
        private class DataPoint
        {
            public float Label { get; set; }
            [VectorType(50)]
            public float[] Features { get; set; }
        }

        // Class used to capture predictions.
        private class Prediction
        {
            // Original label.
            public float Label { get; set; }
            // Predicted score from the trainer.
            public float Score { get; set; }
        }

        // Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
        private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
            Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Root Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

            Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
        }
    }
}

적용 대상

FastForest(BinaryClassificationCatalog+BinaryClassificationTrainers, String, String, String, Int32, Int32, Int32)

만들기 FastForestBinaryTrainer- 의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측합니다.

public static Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer FastForest (this Microsoft.ML.BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers catalog, string labelColumnName = "Label", string featureColumnName = "Features", string exampleWeightColumnName = default, int numberOfLeaves = 20, int numberOfTrees = 100, int minimumExampleCountPerLeaf = 10);
static member FastForest : Microsoft.ML.BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers * string * string * string * int * int * int -> Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestBinaryTrainer
<Extension()>
Public Function FastForest (catalog As BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers, Optional labelColumnName As String = "Label", Optional featureColumnName As String = "Features", Optional exampleWeightColumnName As String = Nothing, Optional numberOfLeaves As Integer = 20, Optional numberOfTrees As Integer = 100, Optional minimumExampleCountPerLeaf As Integer = 10) As FastForestBinaryTrainer

매개 변수

catalog
BinaryClassificationCatalog.BinaryClassificationTrainers

BinaryClassificationCatalog

labelColumnName
String

레이블 열의 이름입니다. 열 데이터는 .이어야 Boolean합니다.

featureColumnName
String

기능 열의 이름입니다. 열 데이터는 알려진 크기의 벡터 Single여야 합니다.

exampleWeightColumnName
String

예제 가중치 열의 이름(선택 사항)입니다.

numberOfLeaves
Int32

의사 결정 트리당 최대 리프 수입니다.

numberOfTrees
Int32

앙상블에서 만들 의사 결정 트리의 총 수입니다.

minimumExampleCountPerLeaf
Int32

새 트리 리프를 구성하는 데 필요한 최소 데이터 요소 수입니다.

반환

FastForestBinaryTrainer

예제

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
using Microsoft.ML.Data;

namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.BinaryClassification
{
    public static class FastForest
    {
        // This example requires installation of additional NuGet package for 
        // Microsoft.ML.FastTree at
        // https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.FastTree/
        public static void Example()
        {
            // Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
            // exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
            // and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
            // in this example to make outputs deterministic.
            var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

            // Create a list of training data points.
            var dataPoints = GenerateRandomDataPoints(1000);

            // Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
            // consumable by ML.NET API.
            var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

            // Define the trainer.
            var pipeline = mlContext.BinaryClassification.Trainers
                .FastForest();

            // Train the model.
            var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);

            // Create testing data. Use different random seed to make it different
            // from training data.
            var testData = mlContext.Data
                .LoadFromEnumerable(GenerateRandomDataPoints(500, seed: 123));

            // Run the model on test data set.
            var transformedTestData = model.Transform(testData);

            // Convert IDataView object to a list.
            var predictions = mlContext.Data
                .CreateEnumerable<Prediction>(transformedTestData,
                reuseRowObject: false).ToList();

            // Print 5 predictions.
            foreach (var p in predictions.Take(5))
                Console.WriteLine($"Label: {p.Label}, "
                    + $"Prediction: {p.PredictedLabel}");

            // Expected output:
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: False, Prediction: False
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: True, Prediction: True
            //   Label: False, Prediction: False

            // Evaluate the overall metrics.
            var metrics = mlContext.BinaryClassification
                .EvaluateNonCalibrated(transformedTestData);

            PrintMetrics(metrics);

            // Expected output:
            //   Accuracy: 0.74
            //   AUC: 0.83
            //   F1 Score: 0.74
            //   Negative Precision: 0.78
            //   Negative Recall: 0.71
            //   Positive Precision: 0.71
            //   Positive Recall: 0.78
            //
            //   TEST POSITIVE RATIO:    0.4760 (238.0/(238.0+262.0))
            //   Confusion table
            //             ||======================
            //   PREDICTED || positive | negative | Recall
            //   TRUTH     ||======================
            //    positive ||       34 |      204 | 0.1429
            //    negative ||       21 |      241 | 0.9198
            //             ||======================
            //   Precision ||   0.6182 |   0.5416 |
        }

        private static IEnumerable<DataPoint> GenerateRandomDataPoints(int count,
            int seed = 0)

        {
            var random = new Random(seed);
            float randomFloat() => (float)random.NextDouble();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                var label = randomFloat() > 0.5f;
                yield return new DataPoint
                {
                    Label = label,
                    // Create random features that are correlated with the label.
                    // For data points with false label, the feature values are
                    // slightly increased by adding a constant.
                    Features = Enumerable.Repeat(label, 50)
                        .Select(x => x ? randomFloat() : randomFloat() +
                        0.03f).ToArray()

                };
            }
        }

        // Example with label and 50 feature values. A data set is a collection of
        // such examples.
        private class DataPoint
        {
            public bool Label { get; set; }
            [VectorType(50)]
            public float[] Features { get; set; }
        }

        // Class used to capture predictions.
        private class Prediction
        {
            // Original label.
            public bool Label { get; set; }
            // Predicted label from the trainer.
            public bool PredictedLabel { get; set; }
        }

        // Pretty-print BinaryClassificationMetrics objects.
        private static void PrintMetrics(BinaryClassificationMetrics metrics)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Accuracy: {metrics.Accuracy:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"AUC: {metrics.AreaUnderRocCurve:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"F1 Score: {metrics.F1Score:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Negative Precision: " +
                $"{metrics.NegativePrecision:F2}");

            Console.WriteLine($"Negative Recall: {metrics.NegativeRecall:F2}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Positive Precision: " +
                $"{metrics.PositivePrecision:F2}");

            Console.WriteLine($"Positive Recall: {metrics.PositiveRecall:F2}\n");
            Console.WriteLine(metrics.ConfusionMatrix.GetFormattedConfusionTable());
        }
    }
}

적용 대상

FastForest(RegressionCatalog+RegressionTrainers, String, String, String, Int32, Int32, Int32)

만들기 FastForestRegressionTrainer- 의사 결정 트리 회귀 모델을 사용하여 대상을 예측합니다.

public static Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer FastForest (this Microsoft.ML.RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers catalog, string labelColumnName = "Label", string featureColumnName = "Features", string exampleWeightColumnName = default, int numberOfLeaves = 20, int numberOfTrees = 100, int minimumExampleCountPerLeaf = 10);
static member FastForest : Microsoft.ML.RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers * string * string * string * int * int * int -> Microsoft.ML.Trainers.FastTree.FastForestRegressionTrainer
<Extension()>
Public Function FastForest (catalog As RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers, Optional labelColumnName As String = "Label", Optional featureColumnName As String = "Features", Optional exampleWeightColumnName As String = Nothing, Optional numberOfLeaves As Integer = 20, Optional numberOfTrees As Integer = 100, Optional minimumExampleCountPerLeaf As Integer = 10) As FastForestRegressionTrainer

매개 변수

catalog
RegressionCatalog.RegressionTrainers

RegressionCatalog

labelColumnName
String

레이블 열의 이름입니다. 열 데이터는 Single

featureColumnName
String

기능 열의 이름입니다. 열 데이터는 의 알려진 크기 벡터여야 합니다. Single

exampleWeightColumnName
String

예제 가중치 열의 이름(선택 사항)입니다.

numberOfLeaves
Int32

의사 결정 트리당 최대 리프 수입니다.

numberOfTrees
Int32

앙상블에서 만들 의사 결정 트리의 총 수입니다.

minimumExampleCountPerLeaf
Int32

새 트리 리프를 구성하는 데 필요한 최소 데이터 요소 수입니다.

반환

FastForestRegressionTrainer

예제

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
using Microsoft.ML.Data;

namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Regression
{
    public static class FastForestRegression
    {
        // This example requires installation of additional NuGet
        // package for Microsoft.ML.FastTree found at
        // https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.FastTree/
        public static void Example()
        {
            // Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
            // exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
            // and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
            // in this example to make outputs deterministic.
            var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

            // Create a list of training data points.
            var dataPoints = GenerateRandomDataPoints(1000);

            // Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
            // consumable by ML.NET API.
            var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

            // Define the trainer.
            var pipeline = mlContext.Regression.Trainers.FastForest(
                labelColumnName: nameof(DataPoint.Label),
                featureColumnName: nameof(DataPoint.Features));

            // Train the model.
            var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);

            // Create testing data. Use different random seed to make it different
            // from training data.
            var testData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(
                GenerateRandomDataPoints(5, seed: 123));

            // Run the model on test data set.
            var transformedTestData = model.Transform(testData);

            // Convert IDataView object to a list.
            var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<Prediction>(
                transformedTestData, reuseRowObject: false).ToList();

            // Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
            // Label for comparison.
            foreach (var p in predictions)
                Console.WriteLine($"Label: {p.Label:F3}, Prediction: {p.Score:F3}");

            // Expected output:
            //   Label: 0.985, Prediction: 0.864
            //   Label: 0.155, Prediction: 0.164
            //   Label: 0.515, Prediction: 0.470
            //   Label: 0.566, Prediction: 0.501
            //   Label: 0.096, Prediction: 0.138

            // Evaluate the overall metrics
            var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedTestData);
            PrintMetrics(metrics);

            // Expected output:
            //   Mean Absolute Error: 0.06
            //   Mean Squared Error: 0.00
            //   Root Mean Squared Error: 0.07
            //   RSquared: 0.96 (closer to 1 is better. The worst case is 0)
        }

        private static IEnumerable<DataPoint> GenerateRandomDataPoints(int count,
            int seed = 0)
        {
            var random = new Random(seed);
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                float label = (float)random.NextDouble();
                yield return new DataPoint
                {
                    Label = label,
                    // Create random features that are correlated with the label.
                    Features = Enumerable.Repeat(label, 50).Select(
                        x => x + (float)random.NextDouble()).ToArray()
                };
            }
        }

        // Example with label and 50 feature values. A data set is a collection of
        // such examples.
        private class DataPoint
        {
            public float Label { get; set; }
            [VectorType(50)]
            public float[] Features { get; set; }
        }

        // Class used to capture predictions.
        private class Prediction
        {
            // Original label.
            public float Label { get; set; }
            // Predicted score from the trainer.
            public float Score { get; set; }
        }

        // Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
        private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
            Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Root Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

            Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
        }
    }
}

적용 대상