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A Context-Sensitive Help Provider in Wpf

  • 아티클

Here's an example of a way to add context-sensitive help to your application. 

The main idea is to simply use the built-in ApplicationCommands.Help command.  This command is already tied to the F1 key, and so executes when you hit F1, and tells your command handler what element the user was on when it was hit.

First, start with this little application:

<Window x:Class="ContextSensitiveHelp.Window1"

    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300" >

  <Grid>

    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='auto'/>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='*'/>

    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

    <Grid.RowDefinitions>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto'/>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto' />

    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='0' >Name:</TextBlock>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='1' >Address</TextBlock>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='0' Name='NameField' />

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='1' Name='AddressField' />

  </Grid>

</Window>

... which looks like this:

image

Now add some help text.  I'll add specific help text to the NameField text box, and general help text to the Window, but nothing to the AddressField, just to show how that behaves:

<Window x:Class="ContextSensitiveHelp.Window1"

    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300"

    xmlns:h="clr-namespace:ContextSensitiveHelp"

    h:HelpProvider.HelpString='This form is for your name and address'  >

  <Grid>

    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='auto'/>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='*'/>

    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

    <Grid.RowDefinitions>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto'/>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto' />

    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='0' >Name:</TextBlock>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='1' >Address</TextBlock>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='0' Name='NameField'

               h:HelpProvider.HelpString="Enter your name here"/>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='1' Name='AddressField' />

  </Grid>

</Window>

So you see here that the help text is being provided by attached properties defined by a class named HelpProvider.  Here's the attached property definition:

static class HelpProvider

{

    public static string GetHelpString(DependencyObject obj)

    {

        return (string)obj.GetValue(HelpStringProperty);

    }

    public static void SetHelpString(DependencyObject obj, string value)

    {

        obj.SetValue(HelpStringProperty, value);

    }

    public static readonly DependencyProperty HelpStringProperty =

        DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(

                       "HelpString", typeof(string), typeof(HelpProvider));

}

I made this a help string property, but you could have a HelpKeyword property that held a help topic ID, or a HelpURI property that referenced online documentation, etc.

Now we just need to respond to the command.  The way you respond to commands is with event listeners registered to handle the command.  You can simply set up a command handler on a particular element by setting a CommandBinding like this:

<Window x:Class="ContextSensitiveHelp.Window1"

    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300"

    xmlns:h="clr-namespace:ContextSensitiveHelp"

    h:HelpProvider.HelpString='This form is for your name and address' >

  <Window.CommandBindings>

    <CommandBinding Command='ApplicationCommands.Help' Executed='Window_Help_Executed' />

  </Window.CommandBindings>

  <Grid>

    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='auto'/>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='*'/>

    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

    <Grid.RowDefinitions>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto'/>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto' />

    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='0' >Name:</TextBlock>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='1' >Address</TextBlock>

   <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='0' Name='NameField'

               h:HelpProvider.HelpString="Enter your name here"/>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='1' Name='AddressField' />

  </Grid>

</Window>

... and then respond to the command like this:

private void Window_Help_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

{

    FrameworkElement source = e.Source as FrameworkElement;

    if (source != null)

    {

        string helpString = HelpProvider.GetHelpString(source);

        if (helpString != null)

        {

            System.Windows.MessageBox.Show("Help: " + helpString);

        }

    }

}

The problem with that is that you'd really rather not implement the handling as part of your application, but rather as part of the HelpProvider (following the WinForms model).  Also, the code above finds the HelpString on NameField, which has a HelpString set, but it doesn't find anything for the AddressField, because it doesn't have a good way to find the more general HelpString set on the Window.

So instead of putting the command handler in the Window, we'll put it in the HelpProvider itself.  We can do this by registering a command handler directly against the FrameworkElement class; now we'll get called for any FrameworkElement instance in the application.  We'll also register for the command's CanExecute handler.  This allows us to decide if we should handle a command at an element, or let it bubble up to a higher handler.  That is, this will allow the Help command to bubble up from AddressField, which has no HelpString, to Window which does.

The HelpProvider class is then updated with these new members:

static class HelpProvider

{

    static HelpProvider()

    {

        CommandManager.RegisterClassCommandBinding(

            typeof(FrameworkElement),

            new CommandBinding(

                ApplicationCommands.Help,

                new ExecutedRoutedEventHandler(Executed),

                new CanExecuteRoutedEventHandler(CanExecute)));

    }

    static private void CanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        FrameworkElement senderElement = sender as FrameworkElement;

        if (HelpProvider.GetHelpString(senderElement) != null)

            e.CanExecute = true;

    }

    static private void Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        MessageBox.Show("Help: " + HelpProvider.GetHelpString(sender as FrameworkElement));

    }

    ...

... and we can remove the CommandBindings from the Window:

<Window x:Class="ContextSensitiveHelp.Window1"

    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300"

    xmlns:h="clr-namespace:ContextSensitiveHelp"

    h:HelpProvider.HelpString='This form is for your name and address' >

  <Window.CommandBindings>

    <CommandBinding Command='ApplicationCommands.Help' Executed='Window_Help_Executed' />

  </Window.CommandBindings>

  <Grid>

    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='auto'/>

      <ColumnDefinition Width='*'/>

    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

    <Grid.RowDefinitions>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto'/>

      <RowDefinition Height='auto' />

    </Grid.RowDefinitions>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='0' >Name:</TextBlock>

    <TextBlock Grid.Column='0' Grid.Row='1' >Address</TextBlock>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='0' Name='NameField'

               h:HelpProvider.HelpString="Enter your name here"/>

    <TextBox Grid.Column='1' Grid.Row='1' Name='AddressField' />

  </Grid>

</Window>

... and now F1 on NameField displays "Enter your name here", and F1 on the AddressField displays "This form is for your name and address".

Finally, note that you can also do more exciting things in the help handler, like load a chm file with the System.Windows.Forms.Help class:

static private void Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

{

    System.Windows.Forms.Help.ShowHelp(null, @"MyHelp.chm");

}

 

ContextSensitiveHelp.zip

Comments

  • Anonymous
    July 29, 2007
    Dr Tim Sneath gives a overview of what is new in WPF 3.5 http://blogs.msdn.com/tims/archive/2007/07/27

  • Anonymous
    August 13, 2007
    Any ideas on how to make this appear based on mouseover and not just focus? Attempting to create office 2007 style super tooltips with the F1 for more help. Andreas

  • Anonymous
    August 14, 2007
    I found the answer. Use CommandBinding in the custom toolTip contructor. Andreas

  • Anonymous
    August 30, 2007
    I've created a full code for HelpProvider: using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; namespace Diginesis.Presentation.Controls {    public static class DiginesisHelpProvider    {        #region Fields        private static string mHelpNamespace = null;        private static bool mShowHelp = false;        private static string mNotFoundTopic;        public static readonly DependencyProperty HelpKeywordProperty =            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("HelpKeyword", typeof (string), typeof (DiginesisHelpProvider));        public static readonly DependencyProperty HelpNavigatorProperty =            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("HelpNavigator", typeof (HelpNavigator), typeof (DiginesisHelpProvider),                                                new PropertyMetadata(HelpNavigator.TableOfContents));        public static readonly DependencyProperty ShowHelpProperty =            DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("ShowHelp", typeof (bool), typeof (DiginesisHelpProvider));        #endregion        #region Constructors        static DiginesisHelpProvider()        {            CommandManager.RegisterClassCommandBinding(                typeof (FrameworkElement),                new CommandBinding(ApplicationCommands.Help, OnHelpExecuted, OnHelpCanExecute));        }        #endregion        #region Public Properties        public static string HelpNamespace        {            get { return mHelpNamespace; }            set { mHelpNamespace = value; }        }        public static bool ShowHelp        {            get { return mShowHelp; }            set { mShowHelp = value; }        }        public static string NotFoundTopic        {            get { return mNotFoundTopic; }            set { mNotFoundTopic = value; }        }        #endregion        #region Public Methods        #region HelpKeyword        public static string GetHelpKeyword(DependencyObject obj)        {            return (string) obj.GetValue(HelpKeywordProperty);        }        public static void SetHelpKeyword(DependencyObject obj, string value)        {            obj.SetValue(HelpKeywordProperty, value);        }        #endregion        #region HelpNavigator        public static HelpNavigator GetHelpNavigator(DependencyObject obj)        {            return (HelpNavigator) obj.GetValue(HelpNavigatorProperty);        }        public static void SetHelpNavigator(DependencyObject obj, HelpNavigator value)        {            obj.SetValue(HelpNavigatorProperty, value);        }        #endregion        #region ShowHelp        public static bool GetShowHelp(DependencyObject obj)        {            return (bool) obj.GetValue(ShowHelpProperty);        }        public static void SetShowHelp(DependencyObject obj, bool value)        {            obj.SetValue(ShowHelpProperty, value);        }        #endregion        #endregion        #region Private Members        private static void OnHelpCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)        {            e.CanExecute = CanExecuteHelp((DependencyObject) sender) || ShowHelp;        }        private static bool CanExecuteHelp(DependencyObject sender)        {            if (sender != null)            {                if (GetShowHelp(sender))                    return true;                return CanExecuteHelp(VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(sender));            }            return false;        }        private static DependencyObject GetHelp(DependencyObject sender)        {            if (sender != null)            {                if (GetShowHelp(sender))                    return sender;                return GetHelp(VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(sender));            }            return null;        }        private static void OnHelpExecuted(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)        {            DependencyObject ctl = GetHelp(sender as DependencyObject);            if (ctl != null && GetShowHelp(ctl))            {                string parameter = GetHelpKeyword(ctl);                HelpNavigator command = GetHelpNavigator(ctl);                if (!e.Handled && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(HelpNamespace))                {                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(parameter))                    {                        Help.ShowHelp(null, HelpNamespace, command, parameter);                        e.Handled = true;                    }                    if (!e.Handled)                    {                        Help.ShowHelp(null, HelpNamespace, command);                        e.Handled = true;                    }                }                if (!e.Handled && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(HelpNamespace))                {                    Help.ShowHelp(null, HelpNamespace);                    e.Handled = true;                }            }            else if (ShowHelp)            {                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(NotFoundTopic))                    Help.ShowHelp(null, HelpNamespace, NotFoundTopic);                else                    Help.ShowHelp(null, HelpNamespace);                e.Handled = true;            }        }        #endregion    } }

  • Anonymous
    August 30, 2007
    How to use it!?!?! Add this to the App startup or constructor DiginesisHelpProvider.HelpNamespace = "Help.chm";            DiginesisHelpProvider.ShowHelp = true; And set on a control the properties: c:DiginesisHelpProvider.ShowHelp="True"                   c:DiginesisHelpProvider.HelpKeyword="HelpTest2.htm"                   c:DiginesisHelpProvider.HelpNavigator="Topic"

  • Anonymous
    April 18, 2008
    The comment has been removed

  • Anonymous
    April 18, 2008
    The comment has been removed

  • Anonymous
    May 28, 2008
    clr-namespace:ContextSensitiveHelp not available in my WPF project. Do I need to added some reference assembly?

  • Anonymous
    May 29, 2008
    Sorry, ContextSensitiveHelp is the namespace that the HelpProvider class lives in.  E.g. namespace ContextSensitiveHelp {    static class HelpProvider    {        ...    } }

  • Anonymous
    June 10, 2008
    I found thie following interesting post where is well described how to provide your windows presentation

  • Anonymous
    May 12, 2009
    I think something's missing from the first example and the below would help it work. <TextBox.CommandBindings><CommandBinding Command='ApplicationCommands.Help' Executed='Window_Help_Executed' /></TextBox.CommandBindings> [[This is covered by the addition of the CommandBinding in the second example -Mike]]  

  • Anonymous
    August 13, 2009
    Hi Mike (or anyone that can help), I have to implement context-sensitive help using WPF for a new project I'm involved with at work and your code looks a perfect solution. However I spotted something when I was stepping through the code in debug. When the 'HelpStringProperty' dependency property is created and after the command binding is created in the constructor, if you then drill down to inspect the various attributes of the property, it seems to throw InvalidOperationExceptions against both 'OwnerType' and 'PropertyType' with the message 'Method may only be called on a type for which Type.IsGenericParameters is true'. The code works fine even with the exceptions, but I'd like to understand why this is happening and try and resolve it if possible. Hope this all makes sense! Regards, Neil

  • Anonymous
    December 16, 2009
    You'll see this too if you do something simple in the debugger like    typeof(Button).GenericParameterAttributes What's happening is you're making an attempt here to look at a property on System.Type that isn't relevant to non-generic types.

  • Anonymous
    December 17, 2009
    The comment has been removed

  • Anonymous
    January 12, 2010
    Here's a VB version of HelpProvider.cs: Imports System Imports System.Collections.Generic Imports System.Linq Imports System.Text Imports System.Windows Imports System.Windows.Input Module HelpProvider    Sub New()        CommandManager.RegisterClassCommandBinding(GetType(FrameworkElement), New CommandBinding(ApplicationCommands.Help, New ExecutedRoutedEventHandler(AddressOf Executed), New CanExecuteRoutedEventHandler(AddressOf CanExecute)))    End Sub    Private Sub CanExecute(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs)        Dim senderElement As FrameworkElement = TryCast(sender, FrameworkElement)        If HelpProvider.GetHelpString(senderElement) IsNot Nothing Then            e.CanExecute = True        End If    End Sub    Private Sub Executed(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ExecutedRoutedEventArgs)        'Help.ShowHelp(null, @"E:WindowsIMEimekr8helpimkr.chm");        System.Windows.MessageBox.Show("Help: " & HelpProvider.GetHelpString(TryCast(sender, FrameworkElement)))    End Sub    Public Function GetHelpString(ByVal obj As DependencyObject) As String        Return DirectCast(obj.GetValue(HelpStringProperty), String)    End Function    Public Sub SetHelpString(ByVal obj As DependencyObject, ByVal value As String)        obj.SetValue(HelpStringProperty, value)    End Sub    Public ReadOnly HelpStringProperty As DependencyProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("HelpString", GetType(String), GetType(HelpProvider)) End Module

  • Anonymous
    December 29, 2010
    For the program by MikeHillberg, how do I goto the desired topic in the chm file by pressing the F1 key from my wpf application?

  • Anonymous
    December 31, 2010
    To go to a particular topic in a chm file, the Help.ShowHelp method has some overloads that let you select a specific topic.

  • Anonymous
    January 12, 2011
    Mike - I can't believe I've only just found this post, you could have saved me a lot of time when I wrote my own version. 10 out of 10 from me, and a kick to myself that I didn't search further.

  • Anonymous
    April 05, 2011
    This is a nice feature we are looking for. I replaced the HelpString with KeyWord. static private void Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)        {            //System.Windows.MessageBox.Show("Help: " + HelpProvider.GetHelpString(sender as FrameworkElement));                        System.Windows.Forms.Help.ShowHelp(null, @"MyHelp.chm", HelpProvider.GetKeyword(sender as FrameworkElement));        } When I press F1, the chm was opened,but the right panel shows that "Page can't be displayed". Any help is appreciated.

  • Anonymous
    September 25, 2011
    Hi, This is very helpfull. Is there a possibility to use a non-static class? If yes, could you provide some example?