Queryable.GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement> Method (IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>, Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>)
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Groups the elements of a sequence according to a specified key selector function and projects the elements for each group by using a specified function.
Namespace: System.Linq
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
Syntax
'Declaration
<ExtensionAttribute> _
Public Shared Function GroupBy(Of TSource, TKey, TElement) ( _
source As IQueryable(Of TSource), _
keySelector As Expression(Of Func(Of TSource, TKey)), _
elementSelector As Expression(Of Func(Of TSource, TElement)) _
) As IQueryable(Of IGrouping(Of TKey, TElement))
public static IQueryable<IGrouping<TKey, TElement>> GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement>(
this IQueryable<TSource> source,
Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>> keySelector,
Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>> elementSelector
)
Type Parameters
- TSource
The type of the elements of source.
- TKey
The type of the key returned by the function represented in keySelector.
- TElement
The type of the elements in each IGrouping<TKey, TElement>.
Parameters
- source
Type: System.Linq.IQueryable<TSource>
An IQueryable<T> whose elements to group.
- keySelector
Type: System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>
A function to extract the key for each element.
- elementSelector
Type: System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>
A function to map each source element to an element in an IGrouping<TKey, TElement>.
Return Value
Type: System.Linq.IQueryable<IGrouping<TKey, TElement>>
An IQueryable<IGrouping<TKey, TElement>> in C# or IQueryable(Of IGrouping(Of TKey, TElement)) in Visual Basic where each IGrouping<TKey, TElement> contains a sequence of objects of type TElement and a key.
Usage Note
In Visual Basic and C#, you can call this method as an instance method on any object of type IQueryable<TSource>. When you use instance method syntax to call this method, omit the first parameter.
Exceptions
| Exception | Condition |
|---|---|
| ArgumentNullException | source or keySelector or elementSelector is nulla null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic). |
Remarks
This method has at least one parameter of type Expression<TDelegate> whose type argument is one of the Func<T, TResult> types. For these parameters, you can pass in a lambda expression and it will be compiled to an Expression<TDelegate>.
The GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>, Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>) method generates a MethodCallExpression that represents calling GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>, Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>) itself as a constructed generic method. It then passes the MethodCallExpression to the CreateQuery<TElement>(Expression) method of the IQueryProvider represented by the Provider property of the source parameter.
The query behavior that occurs as a result of executing an expression tree that represents calling GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>, Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>) depends on the implementation of the type of the source parameter. The expected behavior is that it groups the elements of source by a key value that is obtained by invoking keySelector on each element. It invokes elementSelector on each element to obtain a result element.
Examples
The following code example demonstrates how to use GroupBy<TSource, TKey, TElement>(IQueryable<TSource>, Expression<Func<TSource, TKey>>, Expression<Func<TSource, TElement>>) to group the elements of a sequence.
Structure Pet
Public Name As String
Public Age As Integer
End Structure
Shared Sub GroupByEx2()
' Create a list of Pet objects.
Dim pets As New List(Of Pet)(New Pet() { _
New Pet With {.Name = "Barley", .Age = 8}, _
New Pet With {.Name = "Boots", .Age = 4}, _
New Pet With {.Name = "Whiskers", .Age = 1}, _
New Pet With {.Name = "Daisy", .Age = 4}})
' Group the pets using Pet.Age as the key.
' Use Pet.Name as the value for each entry.
Dim query As IEnumerable(Of IGrouping(Of Integer, String)) = _
pets.AsQueryable().GroupBy(Function(pet) pet.Age, Function(pet) pet.Name)
Dim output As New System.Text.StringBuilder
' Iterate over each IGrouping in the collection.
For Each petGroup As IGrouping(Of Integer, String) In query
' Print the key value of the IGrouping.
output.AppendLine(petGroup.Key)
' Iterate over each value in the
' IGrouping and print the value.
For Each name As String In petGroup
output.AppendLine(String.Format(" {0}", name))
Next
Next
' Display the output.
outputBlock.Text &= output.ToString() & vbCrLf
End Sub
' This code produces the following output:
'
' 8
' Barley
' 4
' Boots
' Daisy
' 1
' Whiskers
class Pet
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
}
public static void GroupByEx2()
{
// Create a list of Pet objects.
List<Pet> pets =
new List<Pet>{ new Pet { Name="Barley", Age=8 },
new Pet { Name="Boots", Age=4 },
new Pet { Name="Whiskers", Age=1 },
new Pet { Name="Daisy", Age=4 } };
// Group the pets using Pet.Age as the key.
// Use Pet.Name as the value for each entry.
IEnumerable<IGrouping<int, string>> query =
pets.AsQueryable().GroupBy(pet => pet.Age, pet => pet.Name);
// Iterate over each IGrouping in the collection.
foreach (IGrouping<int, string> petGroup in query)
{
// Print the key value of the IGrouping.
outputBlock.Text += petGroup.Key + "\n";
// Iterate over each value in the
// IGrouping and print the value.
foreach (string name in petGroup)
outputBlock.Text += String.Format(" {0}", name) + "\n";
}
}
/*
This code produces the following output:
8
Barley
4
Boots
Daisy
1
Whiskers
*/
Version Information
Silverlight
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1
Platforms
For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.