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Math Class

Microsoft Silverlight will reach end of support after October 2021. Learn more.

Provides constants and static methods for trigonometric, logarithmic, and other common mathematical functions.

Inheritance Hierarchy

System.Object
  System.Math

Namespace:  System
Assembly:  mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
Public NotInheritable Class Math
public static class Math

The Math type exposes the following members.

Methods

  Name Description
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Decimal) Returns the absolute value of a Decimal number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Double) Returns the absolute value of a double-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Int16) Returns the absolute value of a 16-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Int32) Returns the absolute value of a 32-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Int64) Returns the absolute value of a 64-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(SByte) Returns the absolute value of an 8-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Abs(Single) Returns the absolute value of a single-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Acos Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Asin Returns the angle whose sine is the specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Atan Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Atan2 Returns the angle whose tangent is the quotient of two specified numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Ceiling Returns the smallest integral value greater than or equal to the specified double-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Cos Returns the cosine of the specified angle.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Cosh Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the specified angle.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Exp Returns e raised to the specified power.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Floor Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the specified double-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 IEEERemainder Returns the remainder resulting from the division of a specified number by another specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Log(Double) Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of a specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Log(Double, Double) Returns the logarithm of a specified number in a specified base.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Log10 Returns the base 10 logarithm of a specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Byte, Byte) Returns the larger of two 8-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Decimal, Decimal) Returns the larger of two decimal numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Double, Double) Returns the larger of two double-precision floating-point numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Int16, Int16) Returns the larger of two 16-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Int32, Int32) Returns the larger of two 32-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Int64, Int64) Returns the larger of two 64-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(SByte, SByte) Returns the larger of two 8-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(Single, Single) Returns the larger of two single-precision floating-point numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(UInt16, UInt16) Returns the larger of two 16-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(UInt32, UInt32) Returns the larger of two 32-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Max(UInt64, UInt64) Returns the larger of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Byte, Byte) Returns the smaller of two 8-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Decimal, Decimal) Returns the smaller of two decimal numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Double, Double) Returns the smaller of two double-precision floating-point numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Int16, Int16) Returns the smaller of two 16-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Int32, Int32) Returns the smaller of two 32-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Int64, Int64) Returns the smaller of two 64-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(SByte, SByte) Returns the smaller of two 8-bit signed integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(Single, Single) Returns the smaller of two single-precision floating-point numbers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(UInt16, UInt16) Returns the smaller of two 16-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(UInt32, UInt32) Returns the smaller of two 32-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Min(UInt64, UInt64) Returns the smaller of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Pow Returns a specified number raised to the specified power.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Round(Decimal) Rounds a decimal value to the nearest integral value.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Round(Double) Rounds a double-precision floating-point value to the nearest integral value.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Round(Decimal, Int32) Rounds a decimal value to a specified number of fractional digits.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Round(Double, Int32) Rounds a double-precision floating-point value to a specified number of fractional digits.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Decimal) Returns a value indicating the sign of a decimal number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Double) Returns a value indicating the sign of a double-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Int16) Returns a value indicating the sign of a 16-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Int32) Returns a value indicating the sign of a 32-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Int64) Returns a value indicating the sign of a 64-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(SByte) Returns a value indicating the sign of an 8-bit signed integer.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sign(Single) Returns a value indicating the sign of a single-precision floating-point number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sin Returns the sine of the specified angle.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sinh Returns the hyperbolic sine of the specified angle.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Sqrt Returns the square root of a specified number.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Tan Returns the tangent of the specified angle.
Public methodStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 Tanh Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the specified angle.

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Fields

  Name Description
Public fieldStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 E Represents the natural logarithmic base, specified by the constant, e.
Public fieldStatic memberSupported by Silverlight for Windows PhoneSupported by Xbox 360 PI Represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, specified by the constant, π.

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Examples

The following code sample uses several mathematical and trigonometric functions from the Math class to calculate the inner angles of a trapezoid.

'The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
Class Example

   Private m_longBase As Double
   Private m_shortBase As Double
   Private m_leftLeg As Double
   Private m_rightLeg As Double

   Public Sub New(ByVal longbase As Double, ByVal shortbase As Double, ByVal leftLeg As Double, ByVal rightLeg As Double)
      m_longBase = Math.Abs(longbase)
      m_shortBase = Math.Abs(shortbase)
      m_leftLeg = Math.Abs(leftLeg)
      m_rightLeg = Math.Abs(rightLeg)
   End Sub

   Private Function GetRightSmallBase() As Double
      GetRightSmallBase = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) - Math.Pow(m_leftLeg, 2) + Math.Pow(m_longBase, 2) + Math.Pow(m_shortBase, 2) - 2 * m_shortBase * m_longBase) / (2 * (m_longBase - m_shortBase))
   End Function

   Public Function GetHeight() As Double
      Dim x As Double = GetRightSmallBase()
      GetHeight = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) - Math.Pow(x, 2))
   End Function

   Public Function GetSquare() As Double
      GetSquare = GetHeight() * m_longBase / 2
   End Function

   Public Function GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() As Double
      Dim sinX As Double = GetHeight() / m_leftLeg
      GetLeftBaseRadianAngle = Math.Round(Math.Asin(sinX), 2)
   End Function

   Public Function GetRightBaseRadianAngle() As Double
      Dim x As Double = GetRightSmallBase()
      Dim cosX As Double = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) + Math.Pow(x, 2) - Math.Pow(GetHeight(), 2)) / (2 * x * m_rightLeg)
      GetRightBaseRadianAngle = Math.Round(Math.Acos(cosX), 2)
   End Function

   Public Function GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle() As Double
      Dim x As Double = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI
      GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle = Math.Round(x, 2)
   End Function

   Public Function GetRightBaseDegreeAngle() As Double
      Dim x As Double = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI
      GetRightBaseDegreeAngle = Math.Round(x, 2)
   End Function

   Public Shared Sub Demo(ByVal outputBlock As System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock)
      Dim trpz As Example = New Example(20, 10, 8, 6)
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0, the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0") & vbCrLf
      Dim h As Double = trpz.GetHeight()
      outputBlock.Text &= "Trapezoid height is: " + h.ToString() & vbCrLf
      Dim dxR As Double = trpz.GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
      outputBlock.Text &= "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxR.ToString() + " Radians" & vbCrLf
      Dim dyR As Double = trpz.GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
      outputBlock.Text &= "Trapezoid right base angle is: " + dyR.ToString() + " Radians" & vbCrLf
      Dim dxD As Double = trpz.GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
      outputBlock.Text &= "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxD.ToString() + " Degrees" & vbCrLf
      Dim dyD As Double = trpz.GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
      outputBlock.Text &= "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dyD.ToString() + " Degrees" & vbCrLf
   End Sub

End Class

/// <summary>
/// The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
/// </summary>
class Example
{
   private double m_longBase;
   private double m_shortBase;
   private double m_leftLeg;
   private double m_rightLeg;

   public Example(double longbase, double shortbase, double leftLeg, double rightLeg)
   {
      m_longBase = Math.Abs(longbase);
      m_shortBase = Math.Abs(shortbase);
      m_leftLeg = Math.Abs(leftLeg);
      m_rightLeg = Math.Abs(rightLeg);
   }

   private double GetRightSmallBase()
   {
      return (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2.0) - Math.Pow(m_leftLeg, 2.0) + Math.Pow(m_longBase, 2.0) + Math.Pow(m_shortBase, 2.0) - 2 * m_shortBase * m_longBase) / (2 * (m_longBase - m_shortBase));
   }

   public double GetHeight()
   {
      double x = GetRightSmallBase();
      return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2.0) - Math.Pow(x, 2.0));
   }

   public double GetSquare()
   {
      return GetHeight() * m_longBase / 2.0;
   }

   public double GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
   {
      double sinX = GetHeight() / m_leftLeg;
      return Math.Round(Math.Asin(sinX), 2);
   }

   public double GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
   {
      double x = GetRightSmallBase();
      double cosX = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2.0) + Math.Pow(x, 2.0) - Math.Pow(GetHeight(), 2.0)) / (2 * x * m_rightLeg);
      return Math.Round(Math.Acos(cosX), 2);
   }

   public double GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
   {
      double x = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI;
      return Math.Round(x, 2);
   }

   public double GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
   {
      double x = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI;
      return Math.Round(x, 2);
   }

   public static void Demo(System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock outputBlock)
   {
      Example trpz = new Example(20.0, 10.0, 8.0, 6.0);
      outputBlock.Text += String.Format("The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0, the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0") + "\n";
      double h = trpz.GetHeight();
      outputBlock.Text += "Trapezoid height is: " + h.ToString() + "\n";
      double dxR = trpz.GetLeftBaseRadianAngle();
      outputBlock.Text += "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxR.ToString() + " Radians" + "\n";
      double dyR = trpz.GetRightBaseRadianAngle();
      outputBlock.Text += "Trapezoid right base angle is: " + dyR.ToString() + " Radians" + "\n";
      double dxD = trpz.GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle();
      outputBlock.Text += "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxD.ToString() + " Degrees" + "\n";
      double dyD = trpz.GetRightBaseDegreeAngle();
      outputBlock.Text += "Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dyD.ToString() + " Degrees" + "\n";
   }
}

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0

XNA Framework

Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

Thread Safety

Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

See Also

Reference