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Command Targets

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The command dispatch interface IOleCommandTarget defines a simple and extensible mechanism to query and execute commands. This mechanism is simpler than Automation’s IDispatch because it relies entirely on a standard set of commands; commands rarely have arguments, and no type information is involved (type safety is diminished for command arguments as well).

In the command dispatch interface design, each command belongs to a “command group” which is itself identified with a GUID. Therefore, anyone can define a new group and define all the commands within that group without any need to coordinate with Microsoft or any other vendor. (This is essentially the same means of definition as a dispinterface plus dispIDs in Automation. There is overlap here, although this command routing mechanism is only for command routing and not for scripting/programmability on a large scale as Automation handles.)

IOleCommandTarget handles the following scenarios:

  • When an object is in-place activated, only the object’s toolbars are typically displayed and the object’s toolbars may have buttons for some of the container commands like Print, PrintPreview, Save, New, Zoom, etc. (In-place activation standards recommend that objects remove such buttons from their toolbars, or at least disable them. This design allows those commands to be enabled and yet routed to the right handler.) Currently, there is no mechanism for the object to dispatch these commands to the container.

  • When an active document is embedded in an active document container (such as Binder), the container may need to send commands such Print, PageSetup, Properties, etc. to the contained Active document.

Obviously this simple command routing could be handled through existing Automation standards and IDispatch. However, the overhead involved with IDispatch is more than is necessary here, so IOleCommandTarget provides a simpler means to achieve the same ends:

interface IOleCommandTarget : IUnknown
    {
    HRESULT QueryStatus([in] GUID *pguidCmdGroup, [in] ULONG cCmds
        , [in,out][size_is(cCmds)] OLECMD *prgCmds, [in,out] OLECMDTEXT *pCmdText);
    HRESULT Exec([in] GUID *pguidCmdGroup, [in] DWORD nCmdID, [in] DWORD nCmdExecOpt
        , [in] VARIANTARG *pvaIn, [in,out] VARIANTARG *pvaOut);
    }

The QueryStatus method here tests whether a particular set of commands, the set being identified with a GUID, is supported. This call fills an array of OLECMD values (structures) with the supported list of commands as well as returning text describing the name of a command and/or status information. When the caller wishes to invoke a command, it can pass the command (and the set GUID) to Exec along with options and arguments, getting back a return value.