How to: Marshal ANSI Strings for ADO.NET (C++/CLI)

 

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Demonstrates how to add a native string (char *) to a database and how to marshal a System.String from a database to a native string.

Example

In this example, the class DatabaseClass is created to interact with an ADO.NET DataTable object. Note that this class is a native C++ class (as compared to a ref class or value class). This is necessary because we want to use this class from native code, and you cannot use managed types in native code. This class will be compiled to target the CLR, as is indicated by the #pragma managed directive preceding the class declaration. For more information on this directive, see managed, unmanaged.

Note the private member of the DatabaseClass class: gcroot<DataTable ^> table. Since native types cannot contain managed types, the gcroot keyword is necessary. For more information on gcroot, see How to: Declare Handles in Native Types.

The rest of the code in this example is native C++ code, as is indicated by the #pragma unmanaged directive preceding main. In this example, we are creating a new instance of DatabaseClass and calling its methods to create a table and populate some rows in the table. Note that native C++ strings are being passed as values for the database column StringCol. Inside DatabaseClass, these strings are marshaled to managed strings using the marshaling functionality found in the System.Runtime.InteropServices namespace. Specifically, the method PtrToStringAnsi is used to marshal a char * to a String, and the method StringToHGlobalAnsi is used to marshal a String to a char *.

Note

The memory allocated by StringToHGlobalAnsi must be deallocated by calling either FreeHGlobal or GlobalFree.

// adonet_marshal_string_native.cpp  
// compile with: /clr /FU System.dll /FU System.Data.dll /FU System.Xml.dll  
#include <comdef.h>  
#include <gcroot.h>  
#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
  
#using <System.Data.dll>  
using namespace System;  
using namespace System::Data;  
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;  
  
#define MAXCOLS 100  
  
#pragma managed  
class DatabaseClass  
{  
public:  
    DatabaseClass() : table(nullptr) { }  
  
    void AddRow(char *stringColValue)  
    {  
        // Add a row to the table.  
        DataRow ^row = table->NewRow();  
        row["StringCol"] = Marshal::PtrToStringAnsi(  
            (IntPtr)stringColValue);  
        table->Rows->Add(row);  
    }  
  
    void CreateAndPopulateTable()  
    {  
        // Create a simple DataTable.  
        table = gcnew DataTable("SampleTable");  
  
        // Add a column of type String to the table.  
        DataColumn ^column1 = gcnew DataColumn("StringCol",  
            Type::GetType("System.String"));  
        table->Columns->Add(column1);  
    }  
  
    int GetValuesForColumn(char *dataColumn, char **values,  
        int valuesLength)  
    {  
        // Marshal the name of the column to a managed  
        // String.  
        String ^columnStr = Marshal::PtrToStringAnsi(  
                (IntPtr)dataColumn);  
  
        // Get all rows in the table.  
        array<DataRow ^> ^rows = table->Select();  
        int len = rows->Length;  
        len = (len > valuesLength) ? valuesLength : len;  
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)  
        {  
            // Marshal each column value from a managed string  
            // to a char *.  
            values[i] = (char *)Marshal::StringToHGlobalAnsi(  
                (String ^)rows[i][columnStr]).ToPointer();  
        }  
  
        return len;  
    }  
  
private:  
    // Using gcroot, you can use a managed type in  
    // a native class.  
    gcroot<DataTable ^> table;  
};  
  
#pragma unmanaged  
int main()  
{  
    // Create a table and add a few rows to it.  
    DatabaseClass *db = new DatabaseClass();  
    db->CreateAndPopulateTable();  
    db->AddRow("This is string 1.");  
    db->AddRow("This is string 2.");  
  
    // Now retrieve the rows and display their contents.  
    char *values[MAXCOLS];  
    int len = db->GetValuesForColumn(  
        "StringCol", values, MAXCOLS);  
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)  
    {  
        cout << "StringCol: " << values[i] << endl;  
  
        // Deallocate the memory allocated using  
        // Marshal::StringToHGlobalAnsi.  
        GlobalFree(values[i]);  
    }  
  
    delete db;  
  
    return 0;  
}  

StringCol: This is string 1.  
StringCol: This is string 2.  

Compiling the Code

• To compile the code from the command line, save the code example in a file named adonet_marshal_string_native.cpp and enter the following statement:

  cl /clr /FU System.dll /FU System.Data.dll /FU System.Xml.dll adonet_marshal_string_native.cpp  
  

.NET Framework Security

For information on security issues involving ADO.NET, see Securing ADO.NET Applications.

See Also

System.Runtime.InteropServices
Data Access Using ADO.NET (C++/CLI)
ADO.NET
Interoperability
Native and .NET Interoperability