チュートリアル: タスクおよび XML HTTP 要求を使用した接続
この例では、IXMLHTTPRequest2 および IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback インターフェイスをタスクと合わせて使って、HTTP GET および POST 要求をユニバーサル Windows プラットフォーム (UWP) アプリの Web サービスに送信する方法を示しています。 タスクと IXMLHTTPRequest2
を組み合わせることによって、他のタスクと共に構成するコードを記述できます。 たとえば、タスクのチェーンの一部としてダウンロード タスクを使用できます。 ダウンロード タスクは、処理が取り消された場合にも応答できます。
ヒント
また、C++ REST SDK を使って、C++ による UWP アプリ、またはデスクトップの C++ アプリから HTTP 要求を実行できます。 詳細については、「C++ REST SDK (コードネーム "Casablanca")」を参照してください。
タスクの詳細については、「タスクの並列化」を参照してください。 UWP アプリでタスクを使用する方法の詳細については、「C++ での非同期プログラミング」と「C++ における UWP アプリ用の非同期操作の作成」を参照してください。
このドキュメントでは、最初に HttpRequest
およびそのサポート クラスを作成する方法を示します。 次に、C++ および XAML を使用する UWP アプリからこのクラスを使用する方法を示します。
IXMLHTTPRequest2
を使用するが、タスクを使用しない例については、「クイックスタート: XML HTTP 要求 (IXMLHTTPRequest2) を使用した接続」を参照してください。
ヒント
IXMLHTTPRequest2
および IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback
は、UWP アプリで使用することをお勧めするインターフェイスです。 また、この例をデスクトップ アプリケーションでの使用に適用することもできます。
前提条件
UWP サポートは Visual Studio 2017 以降ではオプションです。 インストールするには、Windows の [スタート] メニューから Visual Studio インストーラーを開き、使用している Visual Studio のバージョンを選択します。 [変更] ボタンをクリックし、[UWP 開発] タイルがオンになっていることを確認します。 [オプション コンポーネント] で、[C++ UWP ツール] がオンになっていることを確認します。 Visual Studio 2017 には v141 を使用し、Visual Studio 2019 には v142 を使用します。
HttpRequest、HttpRequestBuffersCallback、および HttpRequestStringCallback クラスを定義する
IXMLHTTPRequest2
インターフェイスを使用して HTTP を通じた Web 要求を作成する場合、IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback
インターフェイスを実装して、サーバーの応答を受け取り、他のイベントに対応します。 この例では HttpRequest
クラスを定義して Web 要求を作成し、HttpRequestBuffersCallback
と HttpRequestStringCallback
クラスを定義して応答を処理しています。 HttpRequestBuffersCallback
および HttpRequestStringCallback
クラスは HttpRequest
クラスをサポートします。HttpRequest
クラスはアプリケーション コードからのみ使用できます。
GetAsync
クラスの PostAsync
および HttpRequest
メソッドを使うと、HTTP GET および POST のそれぞれの操作を開始することができます。 これらのメソッドは、HttpRequestStringCallback
クラスを使用して、サーバー応答を文字列として読み取ります。 SendAsync
と ReadAsync
のメソッドは、大きなコンテンツをストリーム転送することができます。 これらの各メソッドは、操作を表す concurrency::task を返します。 and メソッドはGetAsync
値を生成task<std::wstring>
します。この値はwstring
、パーツがサーバーの応答を表PostAsync
します。 SendAsync
および ReadAsync
のメソッドは task<void>
の値を生成します。これらのタスクは、送信と読み取り操作が完了すると、完了します。
IXMLHTTPRequest2
インターフェイスは非同期に動作するため、この例では concurrency::task_completion_event を使用して、コールバック オブジェクトがダウンロード操作を完了するか、取り消した後に、タスクを作成します。 HttpRequest
クラスは、このタスクからタスク ベースの継続を作成し、最終結果を設定します。 HttpRequest
クラスは、タスク ベースの継続を使って、前のタスクがエラーを生成したり取り消された場合でも、継続タスクが実行されるようにします。 タスク ベースの継続の詳細については、「タスクの並列化」を参照してください。
取り消し操作をサポートするため、HttpRequest
、HttpRequestBuffersCallback
、および HttpRequestStringCallback
のクラスは、キャンセル トークンを使用します。 HttpRequestBuffersCallback
と HttpRequestStringCallback
クラスは、concurrency::cancellation_token::register_callback メソッドを使用して、タスクの完了イベントが取り消しに応答できるようにします。 この取り消しのコールバックは、ダウンロードを中止します。 取り消しの詳細については、「キャンセル」を参照してください。
HttpRequest クラスを定義するには
メイン メニューから [ファイル]>[新規]>[プロジェクト] を選択します。
空の XAML アプリ プロジェクトを作成するには、C++ の空のアプリ (ユニバーサル Windows) テンプレートを使用します。 この例では、プロジェクトの名前を
UsingIXMLHTTPRequest2
とします。プロジェクトに HttpRequest.h という名前のヘッダー ファイルと HttpRequest.cpp という名前のソース ファイルを追加します。
次のコードを pch.h に追加します。
#include <ppltasks.h> #include <string> #include <sstream> #include <wrl.h> #include <msxml6.h>
次のコードを HttpRequest.h に追加します。
#pragma once #include "pch.h" inline void CheckHResult(HRESULT hResult) { if (hResult == E_ABORT) { concurrency::cancel_current_task(); } else if (FAILED(hResult)) { throw Platform::Exception::CreateException(hResult); } } namespace Web { namespace Details { // Implementation of IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback used when partial buffers are needed from the response. // When only the complete response is needed, use HttpRequestStringCallback instead. class HttpRequestBuffersCallback : public Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClass< Microsoft::WRL::RuntimeClassFlags<Microsoft::WRL::ClassicCom>, IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback, Microsoft::WRL::FtmBase> { public: HttpRequestBuffersCallback(IXMLHTTPRequest2* httpRequest, concurrency::cancellation_token ct = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) : request(httpRequest), cancellationToken(ct), responseReceived(false), dataHResult(S_OK), statusCode(200) { // Register a callback function that aborts the HTTP operation when // the cancellation token is canceled. if (cancellationToken != concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) { registrationToken = cancellationToken.register_callback([this]() { if (request != nullptr) { request->Abort(); } }); } dataEvent = concurrency::task_completion_event<void>(); } // Called when the HTTP request is being redirected to a new URL. IFACEMETHODIMP OnRedirect(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, PCWSTR) { return S_OK; } // Called when HTTP headers have been received and processed. IFACEMETHODIMP OnHeadersAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, DWORD statusCode, PCWSTR reasonPhrase) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { this->statusCode = statusCode; this->reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase; concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock); dataEvent.set(); } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Called when a portion of the entity body has been received. IFACEMETHODIMP OnDataAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream* stream) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { // Store a reference on the stream so it can be accessed by the task. dataStream = stream; // The work must be done as fast as possible, and must not block this thread, // for example, waiting on another event object. Here we simply set an event // that can be processed by another thread. concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock); dataEvent.set(); } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Called when the entire entity response has been received. IFACEMETHODIMP OnResponseReceived(IXMLHTTPRequest2* xhr, ISequentialStream* responseStream) { responseReceived = true; return OnDataAvailable(xhr, responseStream); } // Called when an error occurs during the HTTP request. IFACEMETHODIMP OnError(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, HRESULT hrError) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock); dataHResult = hrError; dataEvent.set(); } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Create a task that completes when data is available, in an exception-safe way. concurrency::task<void> CreateDataTask(); HRESULT GetError() const { return dataHResult; } int GetStatusCode() const { return statusCode; } std::wstring const& GetReasonPhrase() const { return reasonPhrase; } bool IsResponseReceived() const { return responseReceived; } // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until // we reach the end of one or the other. unsigned int ReadData( _Out_writes_(outputBufferSize) byte* outputBuffer, unsigned int outputBufferSize); private: ~HttpRequestBuffersCallback() { // Unregister the callback. if (cancellationToken != concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) { cancellationToken.deregister_callback(registrationToken); } } // Signals that the download operation was canceled. concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken; // Used to unregister the cancellation token callback. concurrency::cancellation_token_registration registrationToken; // The IXMLHTTPRequest2 that processes the HTTP request. Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> request; // Task completion event that is set when data is available or error is triggered. concurrency::task_completion_event<void> dataEvent; concurrency::critical_section dataEventLock; // We cannot store the error obtained from IXHR2 in the dataEvent since any value there is first-writer-wins, // whereas we want a subsequent error to override an initial success. HRESULT dataHResult; // Referenced pointer to the data stream. Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ISequentialStream> dataStream; // HTTP status code and reason returned by the server. int statusCode; std::wstring reasonPhrase; // Whether the response has been completely received. bool responseReceived; }; }; // Utility class for performing asynchronous HTTP requests. // This class only supports one outstanding request at a time. class HttpRequest { public: HttpRequest(); int GetStatusCode() const { return statusCode; } std::wstring const& GetReasonPhrase() const { return reasonPhrase; } // Whether the response has been completely received, if using ReadAsync(). bool IsResponseComplete() const { return responseComplete; } // Start an HTTP GET on the specified URI. The returned task completes once the entire response // has been received, and the task produces the HTTP response text. The status code and reason // can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). concurrency::task<std::wstring> GetAsync( Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri, concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()); // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a string body. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). concurrency::task<std::wstring> PostAsync( Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri, PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream, uint64 postStreamSizeToSend, concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()); // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a stream body. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). concurrency::task<std::wstring> PostAsync( Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri, const std::wstring& str, concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()); // Send a request but don't return the response. Instead, let the caller read it with ReadAsync(). concurrency::task<void> SendAsync( const std::wstring& httpMethod, Windows::Foundation::Uri^ uri, concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()); // Read a chunk of data from the HTTP response, up to a specified length or until we reach the end // of the response, and store the value in the provided buffer. This is useful for large content, // enabling the streaming of the result. concurrency::task<void> ReadAsync( Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer^ readBuffer, unsigned int offsetInBuffer, unsigned int requestedBytesToRead); static void CreateMemoryStream(IStream **stream); private: // Start a download of the specified URI using the specified method. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). concurrency::task<std::wstring> DownloadAsync( PCWSTR httpMethod, PCWSTR uri, concurrency::cancellation_token cancellationToken, PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream, uint64 postStreamBytesToSend); // Referenced pointer to the callback, if using SendAsync/ReadAsync. Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback> buffersCallback; int statusCode; std::wstring reasonPhrase; // Whether the response has been completely received, if using ReadAsync(). bool responseComplete; }; };
次のコードを HttpRequest.cpp に追加します。
#include "pch.h" #include "HttpRequest.h" #include <robuffer.h> #include <shcore.h> using namespace concurrency; using namespace Microsoft::WRL; using namespace Platform; using namespace std; using namespace Web; using namespace Windows::Foundation; using namespace Windows::Storage::Streams; // Implementation of IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback used when only the complete response is needed. // When processing chunks of response data as they are received, use HttpRequestBuffersCallback instead. class HttpRequestStringCallback : public RuntimeClass<RuntimeClassFlags<ClassicCom>, IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback, FtmBase> { public: HttpRequestStringCallback(IXMLHTTPRequest2* httpRequest, cancellation_token ct = concurrency::cancellation_token::none()) : request(httpRequest), cancellationToken(ct) { // Register a callback function that aborts the HTTP operation when // the cancellation token is canceled. if (cancellationToken != cancellation_token::none()) { registrationToken = cancellationToken.register_callback([this]() { if (request != nullptr) { request->Abort(); } }); } } // Called when the HTTP request is being redirected to a new URL. IFACEMETHODIMP OnRedirect(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, PCWSTR) { return S_OK; } // Called when HTTP headers have been received and processed. IFACEMETHODIMP OnHeadersAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, DWORD statusCode, PCWSTR reasonPhrase) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { this->statusCode = statusCode; this->reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase; } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Called when a portion of the entity body has been received. IFACEMETHODIMP OnDataAvailable(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream*) { return S_OK; } // Called when the entire entity response has been received. IFACEMETHODIMP OnResponseReceived(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, ISequentialStream* responseStream) { wstring wstr; HRESULT hr = ReadUtf8StringFromSequentialStream(responseStream, wstr); // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { completionEvent.set(make_tuple<HRESULT, wstring>(move(hr), move(wstr))); } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Simulate the functionality of DataReader.ReadString(). // This is needed because DataReader requires IRandomAccessStream and this // code has an ISequentialStream that does not have a conversion to IRandomAccessStream like IStream does. HRESULT ReadUtf8StringFromSequentialStream(ISequentialStream* readStream, wstring& str) { // Convert the response to Unicode wstring. HRESULT hr; // Holds the response as a Unicode string. wstringstream ss; while (true) { ULONG cb; char buffer[4096]; // Read the response as a UTF-8 string. Since UTF-8 characters are 1-4 bytes long, // we need to make sure we only read an integral number of characters. So we'll // start with 4093 bytes. hr = readStream->Read(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 3, &cb); if (FAILED(hr) || (cb == 0)) { break; // Error or no more data to process, exit loop. } if (cb == sizeof(buffer) - 3) { ULONG subsequentBytesRead; unsigned int i, cl; // Find the first byte of the last UTF-8 character in the buffer. for (i = cb - 1; (i >= 0) && ((buffer[i] & 0xC0) == 0x80); i--); // Calculate the number of subsequent bytes in the UTF-8 character. if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0x80) { cl = 1; } else if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0xE0) { cl = 2; } else if (((unsigned char)buffer[i]) < 0xF0) { cl = 3; } else { cl = 4; } // Read any remaining bytes. if (cb < i + cl) { hr = readStream->Read(buffer + cb, i + cl - cb, &subsequentBytesRead); if (FAILED(hr)) { break; // Error, exit loop. } cb += subsequentBytesRead; } } // First determine the size required to store the Unicode string. int const sizeRequired = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, cb, nullptr, 0); if (sizeRequired == 0) { // Invalid UTF-8. hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()); break; } unique_ptr<char16[]> wstr(new(std::nothrow) char16[sizeRequired + 1]); if (wstr.get() == nullptr) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; break; } // Convert the string from UTF-8 to UTF-16LE. This can never fail, since // the previous call above succeeded. MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, cb, wstr.get(), sizeRequired); wstr[sizeRequired] = L'\0'; // Terminate the string. ss << wstr.get(); // Write the string to the stream. } str = SUCCEEDED(hr) ? ss.str() : wstring(); return (SUCCEEDED(hr)) ? S_OK : hr; // Don't return S_FALSE. } // Called when an error occurs during the HTTP request. IFACEMETHODIMP OnError(IXMLHTTPRequest2*, HRESULT hrError) { HRESULT hr = S_OK; // We must not propagate exceptions back to IXHR2. try { completionEvent.set(make_tuple<HRESULT, wstring>(move(hrError), wstring())); } catch (std::bad_alloc&) { hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY; } return hr; } // Retrieves the completion event for the HTTP operation. task_completion_event<tuple<HRESULT, wstring>> const& GetCompletionEvent() const { return completionEvent; } int GetStatusCode() const { return statusCode; } wstring GetReasonPhrase() const { return reasonPhrase; } private: ~HttpRequestStringCallback() { // Unregister the callback. if (cancellationToken != cancellation_token::none()) { cancellationToken.deregister_callback(registrationToken); } } // Signals that the download operation was canceled. cancellation_token cancellationToken; // Used to unregister the cancellation token callback. cancellation_token_registration registrationToken; // The IXMLHTTPRequest2 that processes the HTTP request. ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> request; // Task completion event that is set when the // download operation completes. task_completion_event<tuple<HRESULT, wstring>> completionEvent; int statusCode; wstring reasonPhrase; }; // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until // we reach the end of one or the other. unsigned int Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback::ReadData( _Out_writes_(outputBufferSize) byte* outputBuffer, unsigned int outputBufferSize) { // Lock the data event while doing the read, to ensure that any bytes we don't read will // result in the correct event getting triggered. concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock); ULONG bytesRead; CheckHResult(dataStream.Get()->Read(outputBuffer, outputBufferSize, &bytesRead)); if (bytesRead < outputBufferSize) { // We need to reset the data event, which we can only do by creating a new one. dataEvent = task_completion_event<void>(); } return bytesRead; } // Create a task that completes when data is available, in an exception-safe way. task<void> Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback::CreateDataTask() { concurrency::critical_section::scoped_lock lock(dataEventLock); return create_task(dataEvent, cancellationToken); } HttpRequest::HttpRequest() : responseComplete(true), statusCode(200) { } // Start a download of the specified URI using the specified method. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). task<wstring> HttpRequest::DownloadAsync(PCWSTR httpMethod, PCWSTR uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken, PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream, uint64 postStreamSizeToSend) { // Create an IXMLHTTPRequest2 object. ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> xhr; CheckHResult(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_XmlHttpRequest, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC, IID_PPV_ARGS(&xhr))); // Create callback. auto stringCallback = Make<HttpRequestStringCallback>(xhr.Get(), cancellationToken); CheckHResult(stringCallback ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY); auto completionTask = create_task(stringCallback->GetCompletionEvent()); // Create a request. CheckHResult(xhr->Open(httpMethod, uri, stringCallback.Get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)); if (postStream != nullptr && contentType != nullptr) { CheckHResult(xhr->SetRequestHeader(L"Content-Type", contentType)); } // Send the request. CheckHResult(xhr->Send(postStream, postStreamSizeToSend)); // Return a task that completes when the HTTP operation completes. // We pass the callback to the continuation because the lifetime of the // callback must exceed the operation to ensure that cancellation // works correctly. return completionTask.then([this, stringCallback](tuple<HRESULT, wstring> resultTuple) { // If the GET operation failed, throw an Exception. CheckHResult(std::get<0>(resultTuple)); statusCode = stringCallback->GetStatusCode(); reasonPhrase = stringCallback->GetReasonPhrase(); return std::get<1>(resultTuple); }); } // Start an HTTP GET on the specified URI. The returned task completes once the entire response // has been received, and the task produces the HTTP response text. The status code and reason // can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). task<wstring> HttpRequest::GetAsync(Uri^ uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken) { return DownloadAsync(L"GET", uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(), cancellationToken, nullptr, nullptr, 0); } void HttpRequest::CreateMemoryStream(IStream **stream) { auto randomAccessStream = ref new Windows::Storage::Streams::InMemoryRandomAccessStream(); CheckHResult(CreateStreamOverRandomAccessStream(randomAccessStream, IID_PPV_ARGS(stream))); } // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a string body. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). task<wstring> HttpRequest::PostAsync(Uri^ uri, const wstring& body, cancellation_token cancellationToken) { int length = 0; ComPtr<IStream> postStream; CreateMemoryStream(&postStream); if (body.length() > 0) { // Get the required buffer size. int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, // UTF-8 0, // Conversion type body.c_str(), // Unicode string to convert static_cast<int>(body.length()), // Size nullptr, // Output buffer 0, // Output buffer size nullptr, nullptr); CheckHResult((size != 0) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError())); std::unique_ptr<char[]> tempData(new char[size]); length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, // UTF-8 0, // Conversion type body.c_str(), // Unicode string to convert static_cast<int>(body.length()), // Size tempData.get(), // Output buffer size, // Output buffer size nullptr, nullptr); CheckHResult((length != 0) ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError())); CheckHResult(postStream->Write(tempData.get(), length, nullptr)); } return DownloadAsync(L"POST", uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(), cancellationToken, L"text/plain;charset=utf-8", postStream.Get(), length); } // Start an HTTP POST on the specified URI, using a stream body. The returned task produces the // HTTP response text. The status code and reason can be read with GetStatusCode() and GetReasonPhrase(). task<wstring> HttpRequest::PostAsync(Uri^ uri, PCWSTR contentType, IStream* postStream, uint64 postStreamSizeToSend, cancellation_token cancellationToken) { return DownloadAsync(L"POST", uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(), cancellationToken, contentType, postStream, postStreamSizeToSend); } // Send a request but don't return the response. Instead, let the caller read it with ReadAsync(). task<void> HttpRequest::SendAsync(const wstring& httpMethod, Uri^ uri, cancellation_token cancellationToken) { // Create an IXMLHTTPRequest2 object. ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2> xhr; CheckHResult(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_XmlHttpRequest, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC, IID_PPV_ARGS(&xhr))); // Create callback. buffersCallback = Make<Web::Details::HttpRequestBuffersCallback>(xhr.Get(), cancellationToken); CheckHResult(buffersCallback ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY); ComPtr<IXMLHTTPRequest2Callback> xhrCallback; CheckHResult(buffersCallback.As(&xhrCallback)); // Open and send the request. CheckHResult(xhr->Open(httpMethod.c_str(), uri->AbsoluteUri->Data(), xhrCallback.Get(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)); responseComplete = false; CheckHResult(xhr->Send(nullptr, 0)); // Return a task that completes when the HTTP operation completes. // Since buffersCallback holds a reference on the callback, the lifetime of the callback will exceed // the operation and ensure that cancellation works correctly. return buffersCallback->CreateDataTask().then([this]() { CheckHResult(buffersCallback->GetError()); statusCode = buffersCallback->GetStatusCode(); reasonPhrase = buffersCallback->GetReasonPhrase(); }); } // Read a chunk of data from the HTTP response, up to a specified length or until we reach the end // of the response, and store the value in the provided buffer. This is useful for large content, // enabling the streaming of the result. task<void> HttpRequest::ReadAsync(Windows::Storage::Streams::IBuffer^ readBuffer, unsigned int offsetInBuffer, unsigned int requestedBytesToRead) { if (offsetInBuffer + requestedBytesToRead > readBuffer->Capacity) { throw ref new InvalidArgumentException(); } // Return a task that completes when a read completes. // We pass the callback to the continuation because the lifetime of the // callback must exceed the operation to ensure that cancellation // works correctly. return buffersCallback->CreateDataTask().then([this, readBuffer, offsetInBuffer, requestedBytesToRead]() { CheckHResult(buffersCallback->GetError()); // Get a pointer to the location to copy data into. ComPtr<IBufferByteAccess> bufferByteAccess; CheckHResult(reinterpret_cast<IUnknown*>(readBuffer)->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&bufferByteAccess))); byte* outputBuffer; // Returned internal pointer, do not free this value. CheckHResult(bufferByteAccess->Buffer(&outputBuffer)); // Copy bytes from the sequential stream into the buffer provided until // we reach the end of one or the other. readBuffer->Length = buffersCallback->ReadData(outputBuffer + offsetInBuffer, requestedBytesToRead); if (buffersCallback->IsResponseReceived() && (readBuffer->Length < requestedBytesToRead)) { responseComplete = true; } }); }
UWP アプリで HttpRequest クラスを使用する
このセクションでは、UWP アプリで HttpRequest
クラスを使用する方法を示します。 このアプリケーションは、URL リソースを定義する入力ボックス、GET と POST の操作を実行するボタン コマンド、現在の操作を取り消すボタン コマンドを提供します。
HttpRequest クラスを使用するには
MainPage.xaml で、StackPanel 要素を次のように定義します。
<StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="440" Background="{StaticResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}"> <TextBox x:Name="InputTextBox" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="http://www.fourthcoffee.com/"/> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <Button x:Name="GetButton" Content="Get" Background="Green" Click="GetButton_Click"/> <Button x:Name="PostButton" Content="Post" Background="Blue" Click="PostButton_Click"/> <Button x:Name="CancelButton" Content="Cancel" Background="Red" IsEnabled="False" Click="CancelButton_Click"/> <ProgressRing x:Name="ResponseProgressRing" /> </StackPanel> <TextBlock x:Name="ResponseTextBlock" TextWrapping="Wrap"/> </StackPanel>
MainPage.xaml.h で、この
#include
ディレクティブを追加します。#include "HttpRequest.h"
MainPage.xaml.h で、これらの
private
メンバー変数をMainPage
クラスに追加します。// Produces HTTP requets. Web::HttpRequest m_httpRequest; // Enables us to cancel the active HTTP request. concurrency::cancellation_token_source m_cancelHttpRequestSource;
MainPage.xaml.h で
private
メソッドProcessHttpRequest
を宣言します。// Displays the result of the provided HTTP request on the UI. void ProcessHttpRequest(concurrency::task<std::wstring> httpRequest);
MainPage.xaml.cpp で、これらの
using
ステートメントを追加します。using namespace concurrency; using namespace std; using namespace Web;
MainPage.xaml.cpp で、
GetButton_Click
クラスのPostButton_Click
、CancelButton_Click
、MainPage
メソッドを実装します。void MainPage::GetButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e) { // Create a new cancellation token source for the web request. m_cancelHttpRequestSource = cancellation_token_source(); // Set up the GET request parameters. auto uri = ref new Uri(InputTextBox->Text); auto token = m_cancelHttpRequestSource.get_token(); // Send the request and then update the UI. ProcessHttpRequest(m_httpRequest.GetAsync(uri, token)); } void MainPage::PostButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e) { // Create a new cancellation token source for the web request. m_cancelHttpRequestSource = cancellation_token_source(); // Set up the POST request parameters. auto uri = ref new Uri(InputTextBox->Text); wstring postData(L"This is sample POST data."); auto token = m_cancelHttpRequestSource.get_token(); // Send the request and then update the UI. ProcessHttpRequest(m_httpRequest.PostAsync(uri, postData, token)); } void MainPage::CancelButton_Click(Object^ sender, RoutedEventArgs^ e) { // Disable the Cancel button. // It will be re-enabled during the next web request. CancelButton->IsEnabled = false; // Initiate cancellation. m_cancelHttpRequestSource.cancel(); }
ヒント
アプリが取り消しのサポートを必要としない場合は、
HttpRequest::GetAsync
とHttpRequest::PostAsync
のメソッドに concurrency::cancellation_token::none を渡します。MainPage.xaml.cpp で
MainPage::ProcessHttpRequest
メソッドを実装します。// Displays the result of the provided HTTP request on the UI. void MainPage::ProcessHttpRequest(task<wstring> httpRequest) { // Enable only the Cancel button. GetButton->IsEnabled = false; PostButton->IsEnabled = false; CancelButton->IsEnabled = true; // Clear the previous response and start the progress ring. ResponseTextBlock->Text = ""; ResponseProgressRing->IsActive = true; // Create a continuation that shows the results on the UI. // The UI must be updated on the ASTA thread. // Therefore, schedule the continuation to run on the current context. httpRequest.then([this](task<wstring> previousTask) { try { // // Show the result on the UI. wstring response = previousTask.get(); if (m_httpRequest.GetStatusCode() == 200) { // The request succeeded. Show the response. ResponseTextBlock->Text = ref new String(response.c_str()); } else { // The request failed. Show the status code and reason. wstringstream ss; ss << L"The server returned " << m_httpRequest.GetStatusCode() << L" (" << m_httpRequest.GetReasonPhrase() << L')'; ResponseTextBlock->Text = ref new String(ss.str().c_str()); } } catch (const task_canceled&) { // Indicate that the operation was canceled. ResponseTextBlock->Text = "The operation was canceled"; } catch (Exception^ e) { // Indicate that the operation failed. ResponseTextBlock->Text = "The operation failed"; // TODO: Handle the error further. (void)e; } // Enable the Get and Post buttons. GetButton->IsEnabled = true; PostButton->IsEnabled = true; CancelButton->IsEnabled = false; // Stop the progress ring. ResponseProgressRing->IsActive = false; }, task_continuation_context::use_current()); }
プロジェクトのプロパティで、[リンカー] の下の [入力] で、
shcore.lib
とmsxml6.lib
を指定します。
実行中のアプリケーションを次に示します。
次のステップ
関連項目
タスクの並列処理
PPL における取り消し処理
C++ での非同期プログラミング
C++ における UWP アプリ用の非同期操作の作成
クイックスタート: XML HTTP 要求 (IXMLHTTPRequest2) を使用した接続task クラス (同時実行ランタイム)
task_completion_event クラス