Enumerare file e cartelle ed eseguire query su di essi

Articolo
10/05/2023

Puoi accedere a file e cartelle che si trovano in una cartella, una raccolta, un dispositivo o un percorso di rete. È anche possibile eseguire query su file e cartelle in una posizione costruendo query di file e cartelle.

Per indicazioni su come archiviare i dati di un'app UWP (Universal Windows Platform), vedi la classe ApplicationData.

Nota

Per un esempio completo, vedere l'esempio di enumerazione delle cartelle.

Prerequisiti

Familiarità con la programmazione asincrona per le app UWP (Universal Windows Platform)

Per informazioni su come scrivere app asincrone in C# o Visual Basic, vedere Chiamare API asincrone in C# o Visual Basic. Per informazioni su come scrivere app asincrone in C++/WinRT, vedi Concorrenza e operazioni asincrone con C++/WinRT. Per informazioni su come scrivere app asincrone in C++/CX, vedi Programmazione asincrona in C++/CX.
Autorizzazioni di accesso al percorso

Ad esempio, per il codice di questi esempi è necessaria la funzionalità picturesLibrary. Per il percorso file, tuttavia, può essere necessaria una funzionalità diversa o nessuna funzionalità. Per scoprire di più, vedere Autorizzazioni accesso file.

Enumerare file e cartelle in una posizione

Nota

Ricorda di dichiarare la funzionalità picturesLibrary.

In questo esempio usiamo prima di tutto il metodo StorageFolder.GetFilesAsync per recuperare tutti i file nella cartella radice di KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary (non nelle sottocartelle) ed elencare il nome di ogni file. Usiamo poi il metodo StorageFolder.GetFoldersAsync per recuperare tutte le sottocartelle di PicturesLibrary ed elencare il nome di ogni sottocartella.

StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;
StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();

IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> fileList = await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync();

outputText.AppendLine("Files:");
foreach (StorageFile file in fileList)
{
    outputText.Append(file.Name + "\n");
}

IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList = await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync();
           
outputText.AppendLine("Folders:");
foreach (StorageFolder folder in folderList)
{
    outputText.Append(folder.DisplayName + "\n");
}

// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
    // Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
    Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
        Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
    };

    std::wstringstream outputString;
    outputString << L"Files:" << std::endl;

    for (auto const& file : co_await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync())
    {
        outputString << file.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
    }

    outputString << L"Folders:" << std::endl;
    for (auto const& folder : co_await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync())
    {
        outputString << folder.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
    }

    OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
}

#include <ppltasks.h>
#include <string>
#include <memory>

using namespace Windows::Storage;
using namespace Platform::Collections;
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace std;

// Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in the appxmanifext file.
StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;

// Use a shared_ptr so that the string stays in memory
// until the last task is complete.
auto outputString = make_shared<wstring>();
*outputString += L"Files:\n";

// Get a read-only vector of the file objects
// and pass it to the continuation.
create_task(picturesFolder->GetFilesAsync())        
   // outputString is captured by value, which creates a copy
   // of the shared_ptr and increments its reference count.
   .then ([outputString] (IVectorView\<StorageFile^>^ files)
   {        
       for ( unsigned int i = 0 ; i < files->Size; i++)
       {
           *outputString += files->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
           *outputString += L"\n";
      }
   })
   // We need to explicitly state the return type
   // here: -IAsyncOperation<...>
   .then([picturesFolder]() -IAsyncOperation\<IVectorView\<StorageFolder^>^>^
   {
       return picturesFolder->GetFoldersAsync();
   })
   // Capture "this" to access m_OutputTextBlock from within the lambda.
   .then([this, outputString](IVectorView/<StorageFolder^>^ folders)
   {        
       *outputString += L"Folders:\n";

       for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < folders->Size; i++)
       {
          *outputString += folders->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
          *outputString += L"\n";
       }

       // Assume m_OutputTextBlock is a TextBlock defined in the XAML.
       m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
    });

Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder

Dim fileList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFile) =
    Await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync()

outputText.AppendLine("Files:")
For Each file As StorageFile In fileList

    outputText.Append(file.Name & vbLf)

Next file

Dim folderList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFolder) =
    Await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync()

outputText.AppendLine("Folders:")
For Each folder As StorageFolder In folderList

    outputText.Append(folder.DisplayName & vbLf)

Next folder

Nota

In C# o Visual Basic ricorda di inserire la parola chiave async nella dichiarazione di tutti i metodi in cui usi l'operatore await.

In alternativa, puoi usare il metodo StorageFolder.GetItemsAsync per ottenere tutti gli elementi (sia file che sottocartelle) in una determinata posizione. L'esempio seguente usa il metodo GetItemsAsync per recuperare tutti i file e le sottocartelle della cartella radice di KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary (non delle sottocartelle). Quindi l'esempio elenca i nomi di ogni file e sottocartella. Se l'elemento è una sottocartella, l'esempio aggiunge "folder" al nome.

StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;
StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();

IReadOnlyList<IStorageItem> itemsList = await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync();

foreach (var item in itemsList)
{
    if (item is StorageFolder)
    {
        outputText.Append(item.Name + " folder\n");

    }
    else
    {
        outputText.Append(item.Name + "\n");
    }
}

// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
    // Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
    Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
        Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
    };

    std::wstringstream outputString;

    for (Windows::Storage::IStorageItem const& item : co_await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync())
    {
        outputString << item.Name().c_str();

        if (item.IsOfType(Windows::Storage::StorageItemTypes::Folder))
        {
            outputString << L" folder" << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            outputString << std::endl;
        }

        OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
    }
}

// See previous example for comments, namespace and #include info.
StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;
auto outputString = make_shared<wstring>();

create_task(picturesFolder->GetItemsAsync())        
    .then ([this, outputString] (IVectorView<IStorageItem^>^ items)
{        
    for ( unsigned int i = 0 ; i < items->Size; i++)
    {
        *outputString += items->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
        if(items->GetAt(i)->IsOfType(StorageItemTypes::Folder))
        {
            *outputString += L"  folder\n";
        }
        else
        {
            *outputString += L"\n";
        }
        m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
    }
});

Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder

Dim itemsList As IReadOnlyList(Of IStorageItem) =
    Await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync()

For Each item In itemsList

    If TypeOf item Is StorageFolder Then

        outputText.Append(item.Name & " folder" & vbLf)

    Else

        outputText.Append(item.Name & vbLf)

    End If

Next item

Effettuare query sui file in una posizione ed enumerare i file corrispondenti

In questo esempio eseguiamo una query per tutti i file in KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary raggruppati in base al mese e questa volta l'esempio prevede la ricorsione nelle sottocartelle. Per prima cosa, viene chiamato StorageFolder.CreateFolderQuery e passato il valore CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth al metodo. Questo fornisce l'oggetto StorageFolderQueryResult.

Quindi viene chiamato StorageFolderQueryResult.GetFoldersAsync che restituisce oggetti StorageFolder che rappresentano cartelle virtuali. In questo caso, viene effettuato un raggruppamento per mese, quindi le cartelle virtuali rappresentano ognuna un gruppo di file con lo stesso mese.

StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;

StorageFolderQueryResult queryResult =
    picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth);
        
IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList =
    await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync();

StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();

foreach (StorageFolder folder in folderList)
{
    IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> fileList = await folder.GetFilesAsync();

    // Print the month and number of files in this group.
    outputText.AppendLine(folder.Name + " (" + fileList.Count + ")");

    foreach (StorageFile file in fileList)
    {
        // Print the name of the file.
        outputText.AppendLine("   " + file.Name);
    }
}

// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.Search.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
    // Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
    Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
        Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
    };

    Windows::Storage::Search::StorageFolderQueryResult queryResult{
        picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(Windows::Storage::Search::CommonFolderQuery::GroupByMonth)
    };

    std::wstringstream outputString;

    for (Windows::Storage::StorageFolder const& folder : co_await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync())
    {
        auto files{ co_await folder.GetFilesAsync() };
        outputString << folder.Name().c_str() << L" (" << files.Size() << L")" << std::endl;

        for (Windows::Storage::StorageFile const& file : files)
        {
            outputString << L"    " << file.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
}

#include <ppltasks.h>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
using namespace Windows::Storage;
using namespace Windows::Storage::Search;
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Platform::Collections;
using namespace Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace std;

StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;

StorageFolderQueryResult^ queryResult =
    picturesFolder->CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery::GroupByMonth);

// Use shared_ptr so that outputString remains in memory
// until the task completes, which is after the function goes out of scope.
auto outputString = std::make_shared<wstring>();

create_task( queryResult->GetFoldersAsync()).then([this, outputString] (IVectorView<StorageFolder^>^ view)
{        
    for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < view->Size; i++)
    {
        create_task(view->GetAt(i)->GetFilesAsync()).then([this, i, view, outputString](IVectorView<StorageFile^>^ files)
        {
            *outputString += view->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
            *outputString += L" (";
            *outputString += to_wstring(files->Size);
            *outputString += L")\r\n";
            for (unsigned int j = 0; j < files->Size; j++)
            {
                *outputString += L"     ";
                *outputString += files->GetAt(j)->Name->Data();
                *outputString += L"\r\n";
            }
        }).then([this, outputString]()
        {
            m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
        });
    }    
});

Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder

Dim queryResult As StorageFolderQueryResult =
    picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth)

Dim folderList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFolder) =
    Await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync()

For Each folder As StorageFolder In folderList

    Dim fileList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFile) =
        Await folder.GetFilesAsync()

    ' Print the month and number of files in this group.
    outputText.AppendLine(folder.Name & " (" & fileList.Count & ")")

    For Each file As StorageFile In fileList

        ' Print the name of the file.
        outputText.AppendLine("   " & file.Name)

    Next file

Next folder

L'output dell'esempio assomiglia a quanto segue.

July ‎2015 (2)
   MyImage3.png
   MyImage4.png
‎December ‎2014 (2)
   MyImage1.png
   MyImage2.png

Condividi tramite

Enumerare file e cartelle ed eseguire query su di essi

Prerequisiti

Enumerare file e cartelle in una posizione

Effettuare query sui file in una posizione ed enumerare i file corrispondenti

Commenti e suggerimenti

Risorse aggiuntive