Articolo
11/18/2011

WaitHandle Class

Microsoft Silverlight will reach end of support after October 2021. Learn more.

Encapsulates operating system–specific objects that wait for exclusive access to shared resources.

Inheritance Hierarchy

System.Object
System.Threading.WaitHandle
System.Threading.EventWaitHandle

Namespace: System.Threading
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public MustInherit Class WaitHandle _
    Implements IDisposable

[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public abstract class WaitHandle : IDisposable

The WaitHandle type exposes the following members.

Constructors

	Name	Description
	WaitHandle	Initializes a new instance of the WaitHandle class.

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Properties

	Name	Description
	SafeWaitHandle	Gets or sets the native operating-system handle.

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Methods

	Name	Description
	Close	When overridden in a derived class, releases all resources held by the current WaitHandle.
	Dispose()	Releases all resources used by the current instance of the WaitHandle class.
	Dispose(Boolean)	When overridden in a derived class, releases the unmanaged resources used by the WaitHandle, and optionally releases the managed resources.
	Equals(Object)	Determines whether the specified Object is equal to the current Object. (Inherited from Object.)
	Finalize	Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from Object.)
	GetHashCode	Serves as a hash function for a particular type. (Inherited from Object.)
	GetType	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object.)
	MemberwiseClone	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object.)
	ToString	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object.)
	WaitAll(array<WaitHandle[])	Waits for all the elements in the specified array to receive a signal.
	WaitAll(array<WaitHandle[], Int32)	Waits for all the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using an Int32 value to specify the time interval.
	WaitAll(array<WaitHandle[], TimeSpan)	Waits for all the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a TimeSpan value to specify the time interval.
	WaitAny(array<WaitHandle[])	Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal.
	WaitAny(array<WaitHandle[], Int32)	Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a 32-bit signed integer to specify the time interval.
	WaitAny(array<WaitHandle[], TimeSpan)	Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a TimeSpan to specify the time interval.
	WaitOne()	Blocks the current thread until the current WaitHandle receives a signal.
	WaitOne(Int32)	Blocks the current thread until the current WaitHandle receives a signal, using 32-bit signed integer to specify the time interval.
	WaitOne(TimeSpan)	Blocks the current thread until the current instance receives a signal, using a TimeSpan to specify the time interval.

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Fields

	Name	Description
	InvalidHandle	Represents an invalid native operating-system handle. This field is read-only.
	WaitTimeout	Indicates that a WaitAny operation timed out before any of the wait handles were signaled. This field is constant.

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Remarks

This class is typically used as a base class for synchronization objects. Classes that are derived from WaitHandle define a signaling mechanism to indicate taking or releasing access to a shared resource, but they use the inherited WaitHandle methods to block while waiting for access to shared resources. In Silverlight, the AutoResetEvent and ManualResetEvent classes, along with their base class, EventWaitHandle, derive from WaitHandle.

Use the static methods of this class to block a thread until one or more synchronization objects receive a signal.

Examples

The following example shows how to divide work among three thread pool threads, and how to use the static WaitAny and WaitAll methods to wait until the subtasks are finished.

The example creates a BackgroundWorker that reports progress to the user interface. By using a BackgroundWorker, the example insulates the user interface thread from the effects of the WaitAny and WaitAll methods, and thus allows the user interface to remain responsive.

The BackgroundWorker runs a DoWork method that creates three tasks by using the ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem method, and assigns each task a random amount of work. The example defines a Subtask class to hold the data and thread procedure for each task. Each task has a ManualResetEvent, which it signals when its work is complete.

After starting the tasks, the DoWork method uses the WaitAny(array<WaitHandle[], Int32) method overload to wait for the shortest subtask to finish, with a 250-millisecond time-out to report progress to the user interface. The BackgroundWorker then uses the WaitAll(array<WaitHandle[], Int32) method overload to wait until the rest of the tasks are complete, once again with a time-out to show progress. The DoWork method then produces a report using the results from all three tasks.

Note:
The shortest task is not necessarily the first to complete. The thread pool threads may not all start immediately and may not be treated equally by the scheduler.

After you start the example, it changes the mouse button event to show user clicks, demonstrating that the user interface remains responsive during the execution of the background tasks.

Note:
To run this example, see Building Examples That Use a Demo Method and a TextBlock Control.

Imports System.Threading

' The following imports simplify the supporting code; they are not required for 
' WaitHandle:
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Input
Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Class Example

   Private Shared outputBlock As TextBlock

   Public Shared Sub Demo(ByVal outputBlock As TextBlock)

      Example.outputBlock = outputBlock
      Example.outputBlock.Text = "Click to start the demo."

      AddHandler outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp, AddressOf MouseUpStart

   End Sub

   Private Shared Sub MouseUpStart(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As MouseEventArgs)

      ' Replace the startup mouse button handler with a handler that 
      ' displays a message.
      RemoveHandler outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp, AddressOf MouseUpStart
      AddHandler outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp, AddressOf MouseUp

      outputBlock.Text = _
         "Demo is running. The BackgroundWorker waits for the first subtask to complete," & vbLf _
         & "then waits for all subtasks to complete and produces a report." & vbLf _
         & "Click here at any time to show that the user interface is responsive." & vbLf

      Dim worker As New System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker
      AddHandler worker.DoWork, AddressOf DoWork
      worker.WorkerReportsProgress = True
      AddHandler worker.ProgressChanged, AddressOf Progress
      AddHandler worker.RunWorkerCompleted, AddressOf Completed
      worker.RunWorkerAsync()

   End Sub

   ' The only purpose of this mouse button handler is to show that the user
   ' interface is responsive while the background tasks are running.
   '
   Private Shared Sub MouseUp(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As MouseEventArgs)
      outputBlock.Text &= vbLf & "Mouse clicked." & vbLf
   End Sub

   Private Shared Sub DoWork(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs)

      Dim worker As BackgroundWorker = CType(sender, BackgroundWorker)

      ' Divide the "work" into three parts, and queue three tasks to run on
      ' threadpool threads. Provide random data for each task.

      Dim r As New Random()
      ' Keep a list of subtasks and a list of their ManualResetEvent objects.
      Dim subtasks As New System.Collections.Generic.List(Of Subtask)
      Dim finished As New System.Collections.Generic.List(Of WaitHandle)

      For i As Integer = 1 To 3
         Dim task As New Subtask(i, 3000 + r.Next(4000))
         subtasks.Add(task)
         finished.Add(task.Finished)
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(AddressOf task.DoSubtask)
      Next


      ' Wait for ANY subtask to complete, and show progress.

      ' Create an array of ManualResetEvent wait handles. Each subtask will
      ' signal its ManualResetEvent when it is finished.
      Dim waitHandles() As WaitHandle = finished.ToArray()
      Dim index As Integer = WaitHandle.WaitTimeout

      While index = WaitHandle.WaitTimeout

         ' Wait for any WaitHandle to be signaled. Use a timeout of 250 milliseconds 
         ' to send progress reports. If a timeout occurs, WaitTimeout is returned;
         ' if a WaitHandle signals, the array index of the WaitHandle is returned.
         '
         index = WaitHandle.WaitAny(waitHandles, 250)
         worker.ReportProgress(1)

      End While


      ' In an actual application, the result of the first subtask could be 
      ' processed now. Instead, signal the user interface that the first
      ' subtask is done.
      worker.ReportProgress(2)


      ' Wait for ALL subtasks to complete, and show progress every 1/4 second if
      ' the WaitAll times out.

      While Not WaitHandle.WaitAll(waitHandles, 250)

         ' If the WaitAll timed out, show progress.
         worker.ReportProgress(3)

      End While


      ' Generate a report and return it as the result.
      Dim first As Subtask = subtasks(index)
      Dim total As Double = 0.0

      For Each task As Subtask In subtasks
         total += task.Result.TotalMilliseconds
      Next task

      e.Result = String.Format( _
         "Task {0} was the first to complete, with a duration of {1} seconds." _
            & vbLf & "The total duration of all tasks was {2} seconds." & vbLf, _
         first.SubtaskNumber, _
         first.Result.TotalMilliseconds / 1000, _
         total / 1000)

   End Sub 

   Private Shared Sub Progress(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ProgressChangedEventArgs)

      If e.ProgressPercentage = 2 Then
         outputBlock.Text &= vbLf & "First subtask is complete." & vbLf
      Else
         outputBlock.Text &= "."
      End If
   End Sub

   Private Shared Sub Completed(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs)

      Dim worker As BackgroundWorker = CType(sender, BackgroundWorker)
      RemoveHandler worker.DoWork, AddressOf DoWork
      RemoveHandler worker.ProgressChanged, AddressOf Progress
      RemoveHandler worker.RunWorkerCompleted, AddressOf Completed

      outputBlock.Text &= vbLf & e.Result & vbLf & "To repeat the demo, refresh the page."
   End Sub

End Class 

Class Subtask

   ' Signal this ManualResetEvent when the task is finished.
   Friend Finished As New ManualResetEvent(False)
   Friend SubtaskNumber As Integer
   Friend Result As TimeSpan
   Private data As Integer

   Friend Sub New(ByVal number As Integer, data As Integer)
      SubtaskNumber = number
      Me.data = data
   End Sub

   Friend Sub DoSubTask(ByVal state As Object)

      Dim start As DateTime = DateTime.Now
      Thread.Sleep(data)
      ' Return a TimeSpan that represents the duration of the task.
      Result = DateTime.Now - start
      Finished.Set()

   End Sub 

End Class

' This code produces output similar to the following:
'
'Demo is running. The BackgroundWorker waits for the first subtask to complete,
'then waits for all subtasks to complete and produces a report.
'Click here at any time to show that the user interface is responsive.
'.....
'Mouse clicked.
'...........
'First subtask is complete.
'............
'Task 3 was the first to complete, with a duration of 3.178 seconds.
'The total duration of all tasks was 15.3553943 seconds.
'
'To repeat the demo, refresh the page.

using System;
using System.Threading;

// The following using statements simplify the supporting code; they are not required 
// for WaitHandle:
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.ComponentModel;

public class Example
{
   private static TextBlock outputBlock;

   public static void Demo(TextBlock outputBlock)
   {
      Example.outputBlock = outputBlock;
      Example.outputBlock.Text = "Click to start the demo.";

      outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(MouseUpStart);
   }

   private static void MouseUpStart(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
   {
      // Replace the startup mouse button handler with a handler that 
      // displays a message.
      outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp -= new MouseButtonEventHandler(MouseUpStart);
      outputBlock.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(MouseUp);

      outputBlock.Text = 
         "Demo is running. The BackgroundWorker waits for the first subtask to complete,\n" +
         "then waits for all subtasks to complete and produces a report.\n" +
         "Click here at any time to show that the user interface is responsive.\n";

      System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker worker = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
      worker.DoWork += DoWork;
      worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
      worker.ProgressChanged += Progress;
      worker.RunWorkerCompleted += Completed;
      worker.RunWorkerAsync();
   }

   // The only purpose of this mouse button handler is to show that the user
   // interface is responsive while the background tasks are running.
   //
   private static void MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
   {
      outputBlock.Text += "\nMouse clicked.\n";
   }

   private static void DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
   {
      BackgroundWorker worker = (BackgroundWorker) sender;

      // Divide the "work" into three parts, and queue three tasks to run on
      // threadpool threads. Provide random data for each task.

      Random r = new Random();
      // Keep a list of subtasks and a list of their ManualResetEvent objects.
      System.Collections.Generic.List<Subtask> subtasks = 
                                 new System.Collections.Generic.List<Subtask>();
      System.Collections.Generic.List<WaitHandle> finished = 
                                 new System.Collections.Generic.List<WaitHandle>();

      for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
      {
         Subtask task = new Subtask(i, 3000 + r.Next(4000));
         subtasks.Add(task);
         finished.Add(task.Finished);
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(task.DoSubtask);
      }


      // Wait for ANY subtask to complete, and show progress.

      // Create an array of ManualResetEvent wait handles. Each subtask will
      // signal its ManualResetEvent when it is finished.
      WaitHandle[] waitHandles = finished.ToArray();
      int index = WaitHandle.WaitTimeout;

      while (index == WaitHandle.WaitTimeout)
      {
         // Wait for any WaitHandle to be signaled. Use a timeout of 250 milliseconds 
         // to send progress reports. If a timeout occurs, WaitTimeout is returned;
         // if a WaitHandle signals, the array index of the WaitHandle is returned.
         //
         index = WaitHandle.WaitAny(waitHandles, 250);
         worker.ReportProgress(1);
      }


      // In an actual application, the result of the first subtask could be 
      // processed now. Instead, signal the user interface that the first
      // subtask is done.
      worker.ReportProgress(2);


      // Wait for ALL subtasks to complete, and show progress every 1/4 second if
      // the WaitAll times out.

      while (!WaitHandle.WaitAll(waitHandles, 250))
      {
         // If the WaitAll timed out, show progress.
         worker.ReportProgress(3);
      }


      // Generate a report and return it as the result.
      Subtask first = subtasks[index];
      double total = 0.0;

      foreach( Subtask task in subtasks )
      {
         total += task.Result.TotalMilliseconds;
      }

      e.Result = String.Format(
         "Task {0} was the first to complete, with a duration of {1} seconds.\n"
            + "The total duration of all tasks was {2} seconds.\n", 
         first.SubtaskNumber, 
         first.Result.TotalMilliseconds/1000, 
         total/1000);
   }

   private static void Progress(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
   {
      if (e.ProgressPercentage == 2)
      {
         outputBlock.Text += "\nFirst subtask is complete.\n";
      }
      else
      {
         outputBlock.Text += ".";
      }
   }

   private static void Completed(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
   {
      BackgroundWorker worker = (BackgroundWorker) sender;
      worker.DoWork -= DoWork;
      worker.ProgressChanged -= Progress;
      worker.RunWorkerCompleted -= Completed;

      outputBlock.Text += 
         String.Format("\n{0}\nTo repeat the demo, refresh the page.", e.Result);
   }
}

class Subtask
{
   // Signal this ManualResetEvent when the task is finished.
   internal ManualResetEvent Finished = new ManualResetEvent(false);
   internal int SubtaskNumber;
   internal TimeSpan Result;
   private int data;

   internal Subtask(int number, int data)
   {
      SubtaskNumber = number;
      this.data = data;
   }

   internal void DoSubtask(object state)
   {
      DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
      Thread.Sleep(data);
      // Return a TimeSpan that represents the duration of the task.
      Result = DateTime.Now-start;
      Finished.Set();
   }
}

/* This code produces output similar to the following:

Demo is running. The BackgroundWorker waits for the first subtask to complete,
then waits for all subtasks to complete and produces a report.
Click here at any time to show that the user interface is responsive.
.....
Mouse clicked.
...........
First subtask is complete.
............
Task 3 was the first to complete, with a duration of 3.178 seconds.
The total duration of all tasks was 15.3553943 seconds.

To repeat the demo, refresh the page.
 */

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0

XNA Framework

Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

Thread Safety

This type is thread safe.

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