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Scenarios for Installing AD DS

  • Articolo

Applies To: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2

The following installation scenarios for Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) are described in this guide. In these scenarios, the new domain controllers can be running Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 and existing domain controllers can be running Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 Server.

  • Install a new forest

  • Install a new domain in an existing forest

  • Install a new domain controller in an existing domain

  • Perform a staged RODC installation

  • Install AD DS from media

  • Verify AD DS installations

Install a new forest

When you install AD DS to create the first domain controller in a new forest, keep the following considerations in mind:

  • You must make forest and domain functional level decisions that determine whether your forest and domain can contain domain controllers that run Microsoft Windows® 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows Server 2008 R2.

  • Domain controllers running the Microsoft Windows NT® Server 4.0 operating system are not supported with Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

  • Servers running Windows NT Server 4.0 are not supported by domain controllers that are running Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

  • The first domain controller in a forest must be a global catalog server and it cannot be an RODC.

Install a new domain in an existing forest

When you install AD DS to create the first domain controller in a new domain, keep the following considerations in mind:

  • Before you create a new Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest, you must prepare the forest for Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 by extending the schema (that is, by running adprep /forestprep).

Note

In Windows Server 2008, Adprep.exe is available in the /sources/adprep folder of the installation DVD. In Windows Server 2008 R2, Adprep.exe is located in the /support/adprep folder.

  • You must make domain functional level decisions that determine whether your domain can contain domain controllers that run Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008.

We recommend that you host the primary domain controller (PDC) emulator operations master role in the forest root domain on a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008.

For procedures to install a new domain, see Installing a New Child Domain.

Install a new domain controller in an existing domain

When you install a new Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller in an existing Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 domain, keep the following considerations in mind:

  • If this domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller in the forest, you must prepare the forest for Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 by extending the schema (that is, by running adprep /forestprep) on the schema operations master if this has not already been done.

Note

In Windows Server 2008, Adprep.exe is available in the /sources/adprep folder of the installation DVD. In Windows Server 2008 R2, Adprep.exe is located in the /support/adprep folder.

  • If this domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller in a Windows 2000 Server domain, you must first prepare the domain by running adprep /domainprep /gpprep on the infrastructure master.

Note

If you prepare a Windows Server 2003 domain by running adprep /domainprep /gpprep, you can safely disregard the error message that indicates that domain updates were not necessary.

  • If this domain controller is the first Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller in a Windows Server 2003 domain, you must prepare the domain by running adprep /domainprep on the infrastructure master.

  • Before you can install an RODC in a Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest, you must prepare the forest by running adprep /rodcprep. You can run adprep /rodcprep on any computer in the forest. You can run it multiple times if necessary. If the operation is unable to reach all the application partitions that must be updated to allow RODC installation, you receive a message that says that not all application partitions have been updated. In this case, rerun the adprep /rodcprep command.

  • The first Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller in an existing Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 domain cannot be created as an RODC. After a Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller exists in the domain, additional Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controllers can be created as RODCs.

After you have prepared the forest and the domain, you can install AD DS to create a new Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller.

For procedures to install a new domain controller, see Installing an Additional Domain Controller.

Perform a staged RODC installation

AD DS provides a way for you to install an RODC in a branch office in two stages. First, you create an account for the RODC. When you create the account, you can choose who will install and administer the RODC. The delegated RODC administrator can complete the installation by attaching a server to the RODC account you created for it. This eliminates the need to use a staging site for building branch office domain controllers and also eliminates the need to use domain administrator credentials to build the RODC in the branch office.

When you install an RODC, keep the following considerations in mind:

  • The RODC must replicate domain data from a writeable domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2.

  • By default, the RODC does not cache the passwords of any domain users. This means that by default, user and computer authentications that are handled by an RODC still require connectivity to a writeable domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2. You must modify the default Password Replication Policy (PRP) for the RODC to allow the RODC to authenticate users and their computers when the wide area network (WAN) link to the writeable domain controller is offline.

    For more information about how the authentication process works with an RODC, see Appendix A: Technical Reference Topics (https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=128273). For more information about how to modify the PRP, see Administering the Password Replication Policy (https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=137087).

Install AD DS from media

You can use the install from media (IFM) option to install an additional domain controller in an existing domain and minimize replication traffic during the installation. Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 include an improved version of Ntdsutil.exe that you can use to create the installation media.

You can also create installation media by using the Windows Server Backup tool in Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2. In this case, you need to use the wbadmin command-line tool option to create the system state backup and then you need to restore system state backup to an alternate location.

However, you should use Ntdsutil.exe because the system state backup includes data, such as the registry, that is not required for AD DS installation.

For the procedure to install a new domain controller from media that is created by using Ntdsutil.exe, see Installing AD DS from Media.

Verify AD DS installations

After you install a domain controller, you can take the following steps to verify the AD DS installation:

  • Check the Directory Service log in Event Viewer for errors.

  • Make sure that the SYSVOL folder is accessible to clients.

  • Verify DNS functionality.

  • Verify replication.