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CA2240: Implementare ISerializable in modo corretto

TypeName

ImplementISerializableCorrectly

CheckId

CA2240

Category

Microsoft.Usage

Breaking Change

Non sostanziale

Causa

Un tipo visibile esternamente può essere assegnato all'interfaccia System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable e viene soddisfatta una delle seguenti condizioni:

Descrizione della regola

I campi di istanza dichiarati in un tipo che eredita l'interfaccia System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable non sono inclusi automaticamente nel processo di serializzazione.Per includere i campi, il tipo deve implementare il metodo GetObjectData e il costruttore di serializzazione.Se i campi non devono essere serializzati, applicare a essi l'attributo NonSerializedAttribute per indicare esplicitamente la decisione.

In tipi non sealed, le implementazioni del metodo GetObjectData devono essere visibili esternamente.Pertanto, il metodo può essere chiamato dai tipi derivati ed è sottoponibile a override.

Come correggere le violazioni

Per correggere una violazione di questa regola, rendere visibile e sottoponibile a override il metodo GetObjectData e accertarsi che tutti i campi di istanza siano inclusi nel processo di serializzazione o contrassegnati esplicitamente con l'attributo NonSerializedAttribute.

Esclusione di avvisi

Non escludere un avviso da questa regola.

Esempio

Nell'esempio riportato di seguito vengono illustrati due tipi serializzabili che violano la regola.


Imports System
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization

Namespace Samples1

    ' Violates this rule
    <Serializable()> _
    Public Class Book
        Implements ISerializable

        Private ReadOnly _Title As String

        Public Sub New(ByVal title As String)
            If (title Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("title")
            _Title = title
        End Sub

        Protected Sub New(ByVal info As SerializationInfo, ByVal context As StreamingContext)
            If (info Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("info")

            _Title = info.GetString("Title")
        End Sub

        Public ReadOnly Property Title() As String
            Get
                Return _Title
            End Get
        End Property

        <SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags:=SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)> _
        Public Sub GetObjectData(ByVal info As SerializationInfo, ByVal context As StreamingContext) _
            Implements ISerializable.GetObjectData

            If (info Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("info")

            info.AddValue("Title", _Title)
        End Sub
    End Class

    ' Violates this rule
    <Serializable()> _
    Public Class LibraryBook
        Inherits Book

        Private ReadOnly _CheckedOut As Date

        Public Sub New(ByVal text As String, ByVal checkedOut As Date)
            MyBase.New(text)
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut
        End Sub

        Public ReadOnly Property CheckedOut() As Date
            Get
                Return _CheckedOut
            End Get
        End Property

    End Class
End Namespace
using System;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace Samples1
{
    // Violates this rule
    [Serializable]
    public class Book : ISerializable
    {
        private readonly string _Text;

        public Book(string text)
        {
            if (text == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("text");

            _Text = text;
        }

        protected Book(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");

            _Text = info.GetString("Text");
        }

        public string Text
        {
            get { return _Text; }
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");

            info.AddValue("Text", _Text);
        }
    }

    // Violates this rule
    [Serializable]
    public class LibraryBook : Book
    {
        private readonly DateTime _CheckedOut;

        public LibraryBook(string text, DateTime checkedOut)
            : base(text)
        {
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut;
        }

        public DateTime CheckedOut
        {
            get { return _CheckedOut; }
        }
    }
}
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;
using namespace System::Runtime::Serialization;

namespace Samples1 
{
    // Violates this rule
    [Serializable]
    public ref class Book : ISerializable
    {
    private:
        initonly String^ _Title;

    public: 
        Book(String^ title)
        {
            if (title == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("title");

            _Title = title;
        }

        property String^ Title
        {
            String^ get()
            {
                return _Title;
            }
        }

    protected: 
        Book(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("info");

            _Title = info->GetString("Title");
        }

    private:
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::LinkDemand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag::SerializationFormatter)]
        void virtual GetObjectData(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context) sealed = ISerializable::GetObjectData
        {
            if (info == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("info");

            info->AddValue("Title", _Title);
        }
    };

    // Violates this rule
    [Serializable]
    public ref class LibraryBook : Book
    {
        initonly DateTime _CheckedOut;

    public:
        LibraryBook(String^ title, DateTime checkedOut) : Book(title)
        {
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut;
        }

        property DateTime CheckedOut
        {
            DateTime get()
            {
                return _CheckedOut;
            }
        }
    };
}

Nell'esempio seguente vengono risolte le due violazioni precedenti tramite un'implementazione sottoponibile a override di [ISerializable.GetObjectData] nella classe Book e un'implementazione di [ISerializable.GetObjectData] nella classe Library.

Imports System
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization

Namespace Samples2

    <Serializable()> _
    Public Class Book
        Implements ISerializable

        Private ReadOnly _Title As String

        Public Sub New(ByVal title As String)
            If (title Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("title")
            _Title = title
        End Sub

        Protected Sub New(ByVal info As SerializationInfo, ByVal context As StreamingContext)
            If (info Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("info")

            _Title = info.GetString("Title")
        End Sub

        Public ReadOnly Property Title() As String
            Get
                Return _Title
            End Get
        End Property

        <SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags:=SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)> _
        Protected Overridable Sub GetObjectData(ByVal info As SerializationInfo, ByVal context As StreamingContext) _
            Implements ISerializable.GetObjectData

            If (info Is Nothing) Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("info")

            info.AddValue("Title", _Title)
        End Sub
    End Class


    <Serializable()> _
    Public Class LibraryBook
        Inherits Book

        Private ReadOnly _CheckedOut As Date

        Public Sub New(ByVal text As String, ByVal checkedOut As Date)
            MyBase.New(text)
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut
        End Sub

        Protected Sub New(ByVal info As SerializationInfo, ByVal context As StreamingContext)
            MyBase.New(info, context)

            _CheckedOut = info.GetDateTime("CheckedOut")
        End Sub

        Public ReadOnly Property CheckedOut() As Date
            Get
                Return _CheckedOut
            End Get
        End Property

        <SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags:=SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)> _
        Protected Overrides Sub GetObjectData(ByVal info As System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo, _
                                              ByVal context As System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext)

            MyBase.GetObjectData(info, context)

            info.AddValue("CheckedOut", _CheckedOut)
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace
using System;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace Samples2
{
    [Serializable]
    public class Book : ISerializable
    {
        private readonly string _Title;

        public Book(string title)
        {
            if (title == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("title");

            _Title = title;
        }

        protected Book(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");

            _Title = info.GetString("Title");
        }

        public string Title
        {
            get { return _Title; }
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        protected virtual void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            info.AddValue("Title", _Title);
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.SerializationFormatter)]
        void ISerializable.GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("info");

            GetObjectData(info, context);
        }
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class LibraryBook : Book
    {
        private readonly DateTime _CheckedOut;

        public LibraryBook(string title, DateTime checkedOut)
            : base(title)
        {
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut;
        }

        protected LibraryBook(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
            : base(info, context)
        {
            _CheckedOut = info.GetDateTime("CheckedOut");
        }

        public DateTime CheckedOut
        {
            get { return _CheckedOut; }
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, SerializationFormatter = true)]
        protected override void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            base.GetObjectData(info, context);

            info.AddValue("CheckedOut", _CheckedOut);
        }
    }
}
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;
using namespace System::Runtime::Serialization;

namespace Samples2 
{
    [Serializable]
    public ref class Book : ISerializable
    {
    private:
        initonly String^ _Title;

    public: 
        Book(String^ title)
        {
            if (title == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("title");

            _Title = title;
        }

        property String^ Title
        {
            String^ get()
            {
                return _Title;
            }
        }

    protected: 
        Book(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            if (info == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("info");

            _Title = info->GetString("Title");
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::LinkDemand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag::SerializationFormatter)]
        void virtual GetObjectData(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context) = ISerializable::GetObjectData
        {
            if (info == nullptr)
                throw gcnew ArgumentNullException("info");

            info->AddValue("Title", _Title);
        }
    };

    [Serializable]
    public ref class LibraryBook : Book
    {
        initonly DateTime _CheckedOut;

    public:
        LibraryBook(String^ title, DateTime checkedOut) 
            : Book(title)
        {
            _CheckedOut = checkedOut;
        }

        property DateTime CheckedOut
        {
            DateTime get()
            {
                return _CheckedOut;
            }
        }

    protected: 
        LibraryBook(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context) : Book(info, context)
        {
            _CheckedOut = info->GetDateTime("CheckedOut");
        }

        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::LinkDemand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag::SerializationFormatter)]
        void virtual GetObjectData(SerializationInfo^ info, StreamingContext context) override
        {
            Book::GetObjectData(info, context);
            info->AddValue("CheckedOut", _CheckedOut);
        }
    };
}

Regole correlate

CA2236: Chiamare metodi della classe base su tipi ISerializable

CA2229: Implementare costruttori di serializzazione

CA2238: Implementare correttamente i metodi di serializzazione

CA2235: Contrassegnare tutti i campi non serializzabili

CA2237: Contrassegnare i tipi ISerializable con SerializableAttribute

CA2239: Fornire metodi di deserializzazione per i campi facoltativi

CA2120: Proteggere i costruttori di serializzazione