Gestione di dati FILESTREAM mediante Win32
Per leggere e scrivere dati in un oggetto BLOB FILESTREAM, è possibile utilizzare Win32. È necessario effettuare le operazioni seguenti:
Leggere il percorso del file FILESTREAM.
Leggere il contesto di transazione corrente.
Ottenere un handle Win32 e utilizzarlo per leggere e scrivere dati in un oggetto BLOB FILESTREAM.
[!NOTA]
Gli esempi riportati in questo argomento richiedono la tabella e il database abilitati per FILESTREAM creati in Procedura: Creazione di un database abilitato per FILESTREAM e Procedura: Creazione di una tabella per archiviare dati FILESTREAM.
Lettura del percorso del file FILESTREAM
A ogni cella di una tabella FILESTREAM è associato un percorso del file. Per leggere il percorso, utilizzare la proprietà PathName di una colonna varbinary(max) in un'istruzione Transact-SQL. Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrato come leggere il percorso del file di una colonna varbinary(max).
DECLARE @filePath varchar(max)
SELECT @filePath = Chart.PathName()
FROM Archive.dbo.Records
WHERE SerialNumber = 3
PRINT @filepath
Lettura del contesto di transazione
Per ottenere il contesto di transazione corrente, utilizzare la funzione Transact-SQLGET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT(). Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrato come iniziare una transazione e come leggere il contesto di transazione corrente.
DECLARE @txContext varbinary(max)
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SELECT @txContext = GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()
PRINT @txContext
COMMIT
Ottenere un handle di file Win32
Per ottenere un handle di file Win32, chiamare l'API OpenSqlFilestream. Tale API viene esportata dal file sqlncli.dll. L'handle restituito può essere passato a una qualsiasi delle API Win32 seguenti: ReadFile, WriteFile, TransmitFile, SetFilePointer, SetEndOfFile o FlushFileBuffers. Negli esempi seguenti viene illustrato come ottenere un handle di file Win32 e come utilizzarlo per leggere e scrivere dati in un oggetto BLOB FILESTREAM.
using System.IO;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
namespace FILESTREAM
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(
"Integrated Security=true;server=(local)");
SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand();
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection;
try
{
sqlConnection.Open();
//The first task is to retrieve the file path
//of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
//access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT Chart.PathName()"
+ " FROM Archive.dbo.Records"
+ " WHERE SerialNumber = 3";
String filePath = null;
Object pathObj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
if (DBNull.Value != pathObj)
filePath = (string)pathObj;
else
{
throw new System.Exception(
"Chart.PathName() failed"
+ " to read the path name "
+ " for the Chart column.");
}
//The next task is to obtain a transaction
//context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
//occur within a transaction context to
//maintain data consistency.
//All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
//a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
//have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
//which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
//violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
//should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
//management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
SqlTransaction transaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction");
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction;
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()";
Object obj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
byte[] txContext = (byte[])obj;
//The next step is to obtain a handle that
//can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
SqlFileStream sqlFileStream = new SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite);
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int numBytes = 0;
//Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
//In your application this string would be replaced with
//the binary data that you want to write.
string someData = "EKG data.";
Encoding unicode = Encoding.GetEncoding(0);
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()),
0,
someData.Length);
//Read the data from the FILESTREAM
//BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string readData = unicode.GetString(buffer);
if (numBytes != 0)
Console.WriteLine(readData);
//Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
//must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
//but does not necessarily close the the underlying
//FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close();
//The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
//operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
sqlConnection.Close();
}
return;
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Module Module1
Public Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
' Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=(local)")
Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=kellyreyue\MSSQL1")
Dim sqlCommand As New SqlCommand()
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection
Try
sqlConnection.Open()
'The first task is to retrieve the file path
'of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
'access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT Chart.PathName()" + " FROM Archive.dbo.Records" + " WHERE SerialNumber = 3"
Dim filePath As String = Nothing
Dim pathObj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
If Not pathObj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
filePath = DirectCast(pathObj, String)
Else
Throw New System.Exception("Chart.PathName() failed" + " to read the path name " + " for the Chart column.")
End If
'The next task is to obtain a transaction
'context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
'occur within a transaction context to
'maintain data consistency.
'All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
'a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
'have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
'which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
'violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
'should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
'management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
Dim transaction As SqlTransaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction")
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()"
Dim obj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
Dim txContext As Byte() = Nothing
Dim contextLength As UInteger
If Not obj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
txContext = DirectCast(obj, Byte())
contextLength = txContext.Length()
Else
Dim message As String = "GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT() failed"
Throw New System.Exception(message)
End If
'The next step is to obtain a handle that
'can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
Dim sqlFileStream As New SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite)
Dim buffer As Byte() = New Byte(511) {}
Dim numBytes As Integer = 0
'Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
'In your application this string would be replaced with
'the binary data that you want to write.
Dim someData As String = "EKG data."
Dim unicode As Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(0)
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()), 0, someData.Length)
'Read the data from the FILESTREAM
'BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)
Dim readData As String = unicode.GetString(buffer)
If numBytes <> 0 Then
Console.WriteLine(readData)
End If
'Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
'must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
'but does not necessarily close the the underlying
'FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close()
'The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
'operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit()
Catch ex As System.Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString())
Finally
sqlConnection.Close()
End Try
Return
End Sub
End Module
#include <windows.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include<sqltypes.h>
#include<sqlext.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
#define COPYBUFFERSIZE 4096
/// <summary>
///This class iterates though the ODBC error queue and prints all of the
///accumulated error messages to the console.
/// </summary>
class ODBCErrors
{
private:
int m_iLine; //Source code line on which the error occurred
SQLSMALLINT m_type; //Type of handle on which the error occurred
SQLHANDLE m_handle; //ODBC handle on which the error occurred
public:
/// <summary>
///Default constructor for the ODBCErrors class
///</summary>
ODBCErrors()
{
m_iLine = -1;
m_type = 0;
m_handle = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
}
/// <summary>
///Constructor for the ODBCErrors class
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iLine">
/// This parameter is the source code line
/// at which the error occurred.
///</param>
/// <param name="type">
/// This parameter is the type of ODBC handle passed in
/// the next parameter.
///</param>
/// <param name="handle">
/// This parameter is the handle on which the error occurred.
///</param>
ODBCErrors(int iLine, SQLSMALLINT type, SQLHANDLE handle)
{
m_iLine = iLine;
m_type = type;
m_handle = handle;
}
///<summary>
/// This method iterates though the error stack for the handle passed
/// into the constructor and displays those errors on the console.
///</summary>
void Print()
{
SQLSMALLINT i = 0, len = 0;
SQLINTEGER native;
SQLTCHAR state[9], text[256];
SQLRETURN sqlReturn = SQL_SUCCESS;
if ( m_handle == SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
{
wprintf_s(TEXT("The error handle is not a valid handle.\n"), m_iLine);
return;
}
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error Line(%d)\n"), m_iLine);
while( sqlReturn == SQL_SUCCESS )
{
len = 0;
sqlReturn = SQLGetDiagRec(
m_type,
m_handle,
++i,
state,
&native,
text,
sizeof(text)/sizeof(SQLTCHAR),
&len);
if ( SQL_SUCCEEDED(sqlReturn) )
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error(%d, %ld, %s) : %s\n"), i, native, state, text);
}
}
};
BOOL CopyFileToSQL(LPTSTR srcFilePath, LPTSTR dstFilePath, LPBYTE transactionToken, SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken)
{
BOOL bRetCode = FALSE;
HANDLE srcHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE dstHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
BYTE buffer[COPYBUFFERSIZE] = { 0 };
TCHAR *szErrMsgSrc = TEXT("Error opening source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgDst = TEXT("Error opening destFile file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgRead = TEXT("Error reading source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgWrite = TEXT("Error writing SQL file.");
try
{
if ( (srcHandle = CreateFile(
srcFilePath,
GENERIC_READ,
FILE_SHARE_READ,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
NULL)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
throw szErrMsgSrc;
if ( (dstHandle = OpenSqlFilestream(
dstFilePath,
Write,
0,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken,
0)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
throw szErrMsgDst;
DWORD bytesRead = 0;
DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
do
{
if ( ReadFile(srcHandle, buffer, COPYBUFFERSIZE, &bytesRead, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgRead;
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
if ( WriteFile(dstHandle, buffer, bytesRead, &bytesWritten, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgWrite;
}
} while (bytesRead > 0);
bRetCode = TRUE;
}
catch( TCHAR *szErrMsg )
{
wprintf_s(szErrMsg);
bRetCode = FALSE;
}
if ( srcHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(srcHandle);
if ( dstHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(dstHandle);
return bRetCode;
}
void main()
{
TCHAR *sqlDBQuery =
TEXT("INSERT INTO Archive.dbo.Records(Id, SerialNumber, Chart)")
TEXT(" OUTPUT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT(), inserted.Chart.PathName()")
TEXT("VALUES (newid (), 5, CONVERT(VARBINARY, '**Temp**'))");
SQLCHAR transactionToken[32];
SQLHANDLE henv = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hdbc = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hstmt = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
try
{
//These statements Initialize ODBC for the client application and
//connect to the database.
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,(void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, NULL) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
//This code assumes that the dataset name "Sql Server FILESTREAM"
//has been previously created on the client computer system. An
//ODBC DSN is created with the ODBC Data Source item in
//the Windows Control Panel.
if ( SQLConnect(hdbc, TEXT("Sql Server FILESTREAM"),
SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, 0) <= 0 )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
//FILESTREAM requires that all read and write operations occur
//within a transaction.
if ( SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc,
SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
(SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF,
SQL_IS_UINTEGER) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLExecDirect(hstmt, sqlDBQuery, SQL_NTS) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the transaction token.
if ( SQLFetch(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken = sizeof(transactionToken);
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 1,
SQL_C_BINARY,
transactionToken,
sizeof(transactionToken),
&cbTransactionToken) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the file path for the inserted record.
TCHAR dstFilePath[1024];
SQLINTEGER cbDstFilePath;
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_TCHAR, dstFilePath, sizeof(dstFilePath), &cbDstFilePath) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( SQLCloseCursor(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLUSMALLINT mode = SQL_ROLLBACK;
if ( CopyFileToSQL(
TEXT("C:\\Users\\Data\\chart1.jpg"),
dstFilePath,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken) == TRUE )
mode = SQL_COMMIT;
SQLTransact(henv, hdbc, mode);
}
catch(ODBCErrors *pErrors)
{
pErrors->Print();
delete pErrors;
}
if ( hstmt != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( henv != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
}