Chiamata di funzioni di aggregazione CLR definite dall'utente
Nelle istruzioni Transact-SQL SELECT è possibile richiamare aggregazioni definite dall'utente (CLR), soggette a tutte le regole applicabili alle funzioni di aggregazione di sistema.
Sono valide le regole aggiuntive seguenti:
L'utente corrente deve disporre dell'autorizzazione
EXECUTE
per la funzione di aggregazione definita dall'utente.Le aggregazioni definite dall'utente devono essere richiamate usando un nome a due parti sotto forma di schema_name.udagg_name.
Il tipo di argomento dell'aggregazione definita dall'utente deve corrispondere o essere convertibile in modo implicito nella input_type dell'aggregazione, come definito nell'istruzione
CREATE AGGREGATE
.Il tipo restituito dell'aggregazione definita dall'utente deve corrispondere al return_type nell'istruzione
CREATE AGGREGATE
.
Esempio 1
Di seguito è riportato un esempio di funzione di aggregazione definita dall'utente che concatena un set di valori di stringa di una colonna in una tabella:
[C#]
using System;
using System.Data;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
[Serializable]
[SqlUserDefinedAggregate(
Format.UserDefined, //use clr serialization to serialize the intermediate result
IsInvariantToNulls = true, //optimizer property
IsInvariantToDuplicates = false, //optimizer property
IsInvariantToOrder = false, //optimizer property
MaxByteSize = 8000) //maximum size in bytes of persisted value
]
public class Concatenate : IBinarySerialize
{
/// <summary>
/// The variable that holds the intermediate result of the concatenation
/// </summary>
private StringBuilder intermediateResult;
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the internal data structures
/// </summary>
public void Init()
{
this.intermediateResult = new StringBuilder();
}
/// <summary>
/// Accumulate the next value, not if the value is null
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value"></param>
public void Accumulate(SqlString value)
{
if (value.IsNull)
{
return;
}
this.intermediateResult.Append(value.Value).Append(',');
}
/// <summary>
/// Merge the partially computed aggregate with this aggregate.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="other"></param>
public void Merge(Concatenate other)
{
this.intermediateResult.Append(other.intermediateResult);
}
/// <summary>
/// Called at the end of aggregation, to return the results of the aggregation.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public SqlString Terminate()
{
string output = string.Empty;
//delete the trailing comma, if any
if (this.intermediateResult != null
&& this.intermediateResult.Length > 0)
{
output = this.intermediateResult.ToString(0, this.intermediateResult.Length - 1);
}
return new SqlString(output);
}
public void Read(BinaryReader r)
{
intermediateResult = new StringBuilder(r.ReadString());
}
public void Write(BinaryWriter w)
{
w.Write(this.intermediateResult.ToString());
}
}
[Visual Basic]
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
<Serializable(), SqlUserDefinedAggregate(Format.UserDefined, IsInvariantToNulls:=True, IsInvariantToDuplicates:=False, IsInvariantToOrder:=False, MaxByteSize:=8000)> _
Public Class Concatenate
Implements IBinarySerialize
''' <summary>
''' The variable that holds the intermediate result of the concatenation
''' </summary>
Private intermediateResult As StringBuilder
''' <summary>
''' Initialize the internal data structures
''' </summary>
Public Sub Init()
Me.intermediateResult = New StringBuilder()
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Accumulate the next value, not if the value is null
''' </summary>
''' <param name="value"></param>
Public Sub Accumulate(ByVal value As SqlString)
If value.IsNull Then
Return
End If
Me.intermediateResult.Append(value.Value).Append(","c)
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Merge the partially computed aggregate with this aggregate.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="other"></param>
Public Sub Merge(ByVal other As Concatenate)
Me.intermediateResult.Append(other.intermediateResult)
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Called at the end of aggregation, to return the results of the aggregation.
''' </summary>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function Terminate() As SqlString
Dim output As String = String.Empty
'delete the trailing comma, if any
If Not (Me.intermediateResult Is Nothing) AndAlso Me.intermediateResult.Length > 0 Then
output = Me.intermediateResult.ToString(0, Me.intermediateResult.Length - 1)
End If
Return New SqlString(output)
End Function
Public Sub Read(ByVal r As BinaryReader) Implements IBinarySerialize.Read
intermediateResult = New StringBuilder(r.ReadString())
End Sub
Public Sub Write(ByVal w As BinaryWriter) Implements IBinarySerialize.Write
w.Write(Me.intermediateResult.ToString())
End Sub
End Class
Dopo aver compilato il codice inMyAgg.dll, è possibile registrare l'aggregazione in SQL Server come indicato di seguito:
CREATE ASSEMBLY MyAgg FROM 'C:\MyAgg.dll';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE MyAgg (@input nvarchar(200)) RETURNS nvarchar(max)
EXTERNAL NAME MyAgg.Concatenate;
Nota
Gli oggetti di database Visual C++, ad esempio funzioni con valori scalari, compilati con l'opzione del compilatore /clr:pure non sono supportati per l'esecuzione in SQL Server.
Come per la maggior parte delle funzioni di aggregazione, il bulk della logica è incluso nel metodo Accumulate
. La stringa passata come parametro al metodo Accumulate
viene aggiunta all'oggetto StringBuilder
inizializzato nel metodo Init
. Supponendo che questa non sia la prima chiamata effettuata al metodo Accumulate
, viene aggiunta anche una virgola all'oggetto StringBuilder
prima di aggiungere la stringa passata. Al termine delle attività di calcolo, viene chiamato il metodo Terminate
che restituisce l'oggetto StringBuilder
come stringa.
Si consideri, ad esempio, una tabella con lo schema seguente:
CREATE TABLE BookAuthors
(
BookID int NOT NULL,
AuthorName nvarchar(200) NOT NULL
);
Inserire quindi le righe seguenti:
INSERT BookAuthors VALUES(1, 'Johnson'),(2, 'Taylor'),(3, 'Steven'),(2, 'Mayler'),(3, 'Roberts'),(3, 'Michaels');
Tramite la query successiva verrebbe prodotto quindi il risultato seguente:
SELECT BookID, dbo.MyAgg(AuthorName)
FROM BookAuthors
GROUP BY BookID;
BookID | Author Names |
---|---|
1 | Johnson |
2 | Taylor, Mayler |
3 | Roberts, Michaels, Steven |
Esempio 2
Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrata una funzione di aggregazione con due parametri nel metodo Accumulate
.
[C#]
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
[Serializable]
[SqlUserDefinedAggregate(
Format.Native,
IsInvariantToDuplicates = false,
IsInvariantToNulls = true,
IsInvariantToOrder = true,
IsNullIfEmpty = true,
Name = "WeightedAvg")]
public struct WeightedAvg
{
/// <summary>
/// The variable that holds the intermediate sum of all values multiplied by their weight
/// </summary>
private long sum;
/// <summary>
/// The variable that holds the intermediate sum of all weights
/// </summary>
private int count;
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the internal data structures
/// </summary>
public void Init()
{
sum = 0;
count = 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Accumulate the next value, not if the value is null
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Value">Next value to be aggregated</param>
/// <param name="Weight">The weight of the value passed to Value parameter</param>
public void Accumulate(SqlInt32 Value, SqlInt32 Weight)
{
if (!Value.IsNull && !Weight.IsNull)
{
sum += (long)Value * (long)Weight;
count += (int)Weight;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Merge the partially computed aggregate with this aggregate
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Group">The other partial results to be merged</param>
public void Merge(WeightedAvg Group)
{
sum += Group.sum;
count += Group.count;
}
/// <summary>
/// Called at the end of aggregation, to return the results of the aggregation.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The weighted average of all inputed values</returns>
public SqlInt32 Terminate()
{
if (count > 0)
{
int value = (int)(sum / count);
return new SqlInt32(value);
}
else
{
return SqlInt32.Null;
}
}
}
[Visual Basic]
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _
<Serializable(), SqlUserDefinedAggregate(Format.Native, _
IsInvariantToDuplicates:=False, _
IsInvariantToNulls:=True, _
IsInvariantToOrder:=True, _
IsNullIfEmpty:=True, _
Name:="WeightedAvg")> _
Public Class WeightedAvg
''' <summary>
''' The variable that holds the intermediate sum of all values multiplied by their weight
''' </summary>
Private sum As Long
''' <summary>
''' The variable that holds the intermediate sum of all weights
''' </summary>
Private count As Integer
''' <summary>
''' The variable that holds the intermediate sum of all weights
''' </summary>
Public Sub Init()
sum = 0
count = 0
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Accumulate the next value, not if the value is null
''' </summary>
''' <param name="Value">Next value to be aggregated</param>
''' <param name="Weight">The weight of the value passed to Value parameter</param>
Public Sub Accumulate(ByVal Value As SqlInt32, ByVal Weight As SqlInt32)
If Not Value.IsNull AndAlso Not Weight.IsNull Then
sum += CType(Value, Long) * CType(Weight, Long)
count += CType(Weight, Integer)
End If
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Merge the partially computed aggregate with this aggregate.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="Group">The other partial results to be merged</param>
Public Sub Merge(ByVal Group As WeightedAvg)
sum = Group.sum
count = Group.count
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Called at the end of aggregation, to return the results of the aggregation.
''' </summary>
''' <returns>The weighted average of all inputed values</returns>
Public Function Terminate() As SqlInt32
If count > 0 Then
'' int value = (int)(sum / count);
'' return new SqlInt32(value);
Dim value As Integer = CType(sum / count, Integer)
Return New SqlInt32(value)
Else
Return SqlInt32.Null
End If
End Function
End Class
Dopo aver compilato il codice sorgente C# o Visual Basic, eseguire il codice sorgente Transact-SQL seguente. Lo script presuppone che la DLL sia denominata WghtAvg.dll e si trovi nella directory radice dell'unità C. Si presuppone inoltre la presenza di un database denominato test.
use test;
go
-- sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;
-- go
--- RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
-- go
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM systypes WHERE name = 'MyTableType')
DROP TYPE MyTableType;
go
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'WeightedAvg')
DROP AGGREGATE WeightedAvg;
go
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyClrCode')
DROP ASSEMBLY MyClrCode;
go
CREATE ASSEMBLY MyClrCode FROM 'C:\WghtAvg.dll';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE WeightedAvg (@value int, @weight int) RETURNS int
EXTERNAL NAME MyClrCode.WeightedAvg;
go
CREATE TYPE MyTableType AS table (ItemValue int, ItemWeight int);
go
DECLARE @myTable AS MyTableType;
INSERT INTO @myTable VALUES(1, 4), (6, 1);
SELECT dbo.WeightedAvg(ItemValue, ItemWeight) FROM @myTable;
go