Procedura: usare certificati X.509 separati per la firma e la crittografia
In questo argomento viene illustrato come configurare Windows Communication Foundation per utilizzare certificati diversi per la firma e la crittografia dei messaggi sul client e nel servizio.
Per consentire l'utilizzo di certificati separati per la firma e la crittografia, è necessario creare credenziali personalizzate del client o del servizio (o di entrambi) poiché in WCF non viene fornita alcuna API per impostare più certificati client o del servizio. È inoltre necessario specificare un gestore del token di sicurezza per utilizzare le informazioni di più certificati e creare un provider di token di sicurezza appropriato per l'utilizzo della chiave specificata e la direzione del messaggio.
Nel diagramma seguente vengono illustrate le principali classi utilizzate, le classi da cui ereditano (contrassegnate da una freccia rivolta verso l'alto) e i tipi restituiti di alcuni metodi e proprietà.
MyClientCredentials
è un'implementazione personalizzata di ClientCredentials.Tutte le relative proprietà illustrate nel diagramma restituiscono istanze di X509Certificate2.
Il relativo metodo CreateSecurityTokenManager restituisce un'istanza di
MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
.
MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager
è un'implementazione personalizzata di ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager.- Il relativo metodo CreateSecurityTokenProvider restituisce un'istanza di X509SecurityTokenProvider.
Per altre informazioni sulle credenziali personalizzate, vedere Procedura dettagliata: Creazione di credenziali client e servizio personalizzate.
Inoltre, è necessario creare un sistema di verifica dell'identità personalizzato e collegarlo a un elemento di associazione di sicurezza in un'associazione personalizzata. È inoltre necessario utilizzare le credenziali personalizzate anziché quelle predefinite.
Nel diagramma seguente vengono illustrate le classi coinvolte nell'associazione personalizzata e il modo in cui viene collegato il sistema di verifica dell'identità personalizzato. I diversi elementi di associazione coinvolti ereditano tutti da BindingElement. AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement dispone della proprietà LocalClientSecuritySettings che restituisce un'istanza di IdentityVerifier, da cui viene personalizzato MyIdentityVerifier
.
Per altre informazioni sulla creazione di un verificatore di identità personalizzato, vedere Procedura: Creare un verificatore di identità client personalizzato.
Per utilizzare certificati separati per la firma e la crittografia
Definire una nuova classe di credenziali client che eredita dalla classe ClientCredentials. Implementare quattro nuove proprietà per consentire di specificare più certificati:
ClientSigningCertificate
,ClientEncryptingCertificate
,ServiceSigningCertificate
eServiceEncryptingCertificate
. Eseguire inoltre l'override del metodo CreateSecurityTokenManager per restituire un'istanza della classe ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager personalizzata definita nel passaggio successivo.public class MyClientCredentials : ClientCredentials { X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert; X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert; X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert; X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert; public MyClientCredentials() { } protected MyClientCredentials(MyClientCredentials other) : base(other) { this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert; this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert; this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert; this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert; } public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate { get { return this.clientSigningCert; } set { this.clientSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.clientEncryptingCert; } set { this.clientEncryptingCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate { get { return this.serviceSigningCert; } set { this.serviceSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.serviceEncryptingCert; } set { this.serviceEncryptingCert = value; } } public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager() { return new MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this); } protected override ClientCredentials CloneCore() { return new MyClientCredentials(this); } }
Public Class MyClientCredentials Inherits ClientCredentials Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Public Sub New() End Sub Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyClientCredentials) MyBase.New(other) Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert End Sub Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager Return New MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me) End Function Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ClientCredentials Return New MyClientCredentials(Me) End Function End Class
Definire un nuovo gestore del token di sicurezza che eredita dalla classe ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager. Eseguire l'override del metodo CreateSecurityTokenProvider per creare un provider di token di sicurezza appropriato. Il parametro
requirement
(SecurityTokenRequirement) specifica la direzione del messaggio e l'utilizzo della chiave.internal class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager { MyClientCredentials credentials; public MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager( MyClientCredentials credentials): base(credentials) { this.credentials = credentials; } public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider( SecurityTokenRequirement requirement) { SecurityTokenProvider result = null; if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate) { MessageDirection direction = requirement.GetProperty <MessageDirection>(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement. MessageDirectionProperty); if (direction == MessageDirection.Output) { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( this.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this.credentials. ServiceEncryptingCertificate); } } else { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(this. credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials. ClientEncryptingCertificate); } } } else { result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement); } return result; } public override SecurityTokenAuthenticator CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(SecurityTokenRequirement tokenRequirement, out SecurityTokenResolver outOfBandTokenResolver) { return base.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, out outOfBandTokenResolver); } }
Friend Class MyClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Inherits ClientCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Private credentials As MyClientCredentials Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyClientCredentials) MyBase.New(credentials) Me.credentials = credentials End Sub Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty) If direction = MessageDirection.Output Then If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ClientSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate) End If Else If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(Me.credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate) End If End If Else result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement) End If Return result End Function Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(ByVal tokenRequirement As SecurityTokenRequirement, _ <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef outOfBandTokenResolver As SecurityTokenResolver) As SecurityTokenAuthenticator Return MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenAuthenticator(tokenRequirement, _ outOfBandTokenResolver) End Function End Class
Definire una nuova classe di credenziali del servizio che eredita dalla classe ServiceCredentials. Implementare quattro nuove proprietà per consentire di specificare più certificati:
ClientSigningCertificate
,ClientEncryptingCertificate
,ServiceSigningCertificate
eServiceEncryptingCertificate
. Eseguire inoltre l'override del metodo CreateSecurityTokenManager per restituire un'istanza della classe ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager personalizzata definita nel passaggio successivo.public class MyServiceCredentials : ServiceCredentials { X509Certificate2 clientSigningCert; X509Certificate2 clientEncryptingCert; X509Certificate2 serviceSigningCert; X509Certificate2 serviceEncryptingCert; public MyServiceCredentials() { } protected MyServiceCredentials(MyServiceCredentials other) : base(other) { this.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert; this.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert; this.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert; this.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert; } public X509Certificate2 ClientSigningCertificate { get { return this.clientSigningCert; } set { this.clientSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ClientEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.clientEncryptingCert; } set { this.clientEncryptingCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceSigningCertificate { get { return this.serviceSigningCert; } set { this.serviceSigningCert = value; } } public X509Certificate2 ServiceEncryptingCertificate { get { return this.serviceEncryptingCert; } set { this.serviceEncryptingCert = value; } } public override SecurityTokenManager CreateSecurityTokenManager() { return new MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(this); } protected override ServiceCredentials CloneCore() { return new MyServiceCredentials(this); } }
Public Class MyServiceCredentials Inherits ServiceCredentials Private clientSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private clientEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceSigningCert As X509Certificate2 Private serviceEncryptingCert As X509Certificate2 Public Sub New() End Sub Protected Sub New(ByVal other As MyServiceCredentials) MyBase.New(other) Me.clientEncryptingCert = other.clientEncryptingCert Me.clientSigningCert = other.clientSigningCert Me.serviceEncryptingCert = other.serviceEncryptingCert Me.serviceSigningCert = other.serviceSigningCert End Sub Public Property ClientSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ClientEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.clientEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.clientEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceSigningCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceSigningCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceSigningCert = value End Set End Property Public Property ServiceEncryptingCertificate() As X509Certificate2 Get Return Me.serviceEncryptingCert End Get Set(ByVal value As X509Certificate2) Me.serviceEncryptingCert = value End Set End Property Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenManager() As SecurityTokenManager Return New MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager(Me) End Function Protected Overrides Function CloneCore() As ServiceCredentials Return New MyServiceCredentials(Me) End Function End Class
Definire un nuovo gestore del token di sicurezza del servizio che eredita dalla classe ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager. Eseguire l'override del metodo CreateSecurityTokenProvider per creare un provider di token di sicurezza appropriato per la direzione del messaggio passato e l'utilizzo della chiave.
internal class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager : ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager { MyServiceCredentials credentials; public MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager( MyServiceCredentials credentials) : base(credentials) { this.credentials = credentials; } public override SecurityTokenProvider CreateSecurityTokenProvider( SecurityTokenRequirement requirement) { SecurityTokenProvider result = null; if (requirement.TokenType == SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate) { MessageDirection direction = requirement. GetProperty<MessageDirection>( ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement. MessageDirectionProperty); if (direction == MessageDirection.Input) { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ClientSigningCertificate); } } else { if (requirement.KeyUsage == SecurityKeyUsage.Signature) { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate); } else { result = new X509SecurityTokenProvider( credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate); } } } else { result = base.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement); } return result; } }
Friend Class MyServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Inherits ServiceCredentialsSecurityTokenManager Private credentials As MyServiceCredentials Public Sub New(ByVal credentials As MyServiceCredentials) MyBase.New(credentials) Me.credentials = credentials End Sub Public Overrides Function CreateSecurityTokenProvider(ByVal requirement As SecurityTokenRequirement) As SecurityTokenProvider Dim result As SecurityTokenProvider = Nothing If requirement.TokenType = SecurityTokenTypes.X509Certificate Then Dim direction = requirement.GetProperty(Of MessageDirection)(ServiceModelSecurityTokenRequirement.MessageDirectionProperty) If direction = MessageDirection.Input Then If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Exchange Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceEncryptingCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientSigningCertificate) End If Else If requirement.KeyUsage = SecurityKeyUsage.Signature Then result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ServiceSigningCertificate) Else result = New X509SecurityTokenProvider(credentials.ClientEncryptingCertificate) End If End If Else result = MyBase.CreateSecurityTokenProvider(requirement) End If Return result End Function End Class
Per utilizzare più certificati sul client
Creare un'associazione personalizzata. È necessario che l'elemento di associazione di sicurezza operi in modalità duplex per consentire ai provider di token di sicurezza diversi di essere presenti per le richieste e le risposte. A questo scopo, è possibile aggiungere un trasporto con funzionalità duplex o utilizzare la classe CompositeDuplexBindingElement come illustrato nel codice seguente. Collegare l'oggetto IdentityVerifier personalizzato definito nel passaggio successivo all'elemento di associazione di sicurezza. Sostituire le credenziali client predefinite con le credenziali client personalizzate create precedentemente.
EndpointAddress serviceEndpoint = new EndpointAddress(new Uri("http://localhost:6060/service")); CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding(); AsymmetricSecurityBindingElement securityBE = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement( MessageSecurityVersion. WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10); // Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates // (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that // contains a single identity claim. securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = new MyIdentityVerifier(); binding.Elements.Add(securityBE); CompositeDuplexBindingElement compositeDuplex = new CompositeDuplexBindingElement(); compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:6061/client"); binding.Elements.Add(compositeDuplex); binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement()); using (ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel> factory = new ChannelFactory<IMyServiceChannel>(binding, serviceEndpoint)) { MyClientCredentials credentials = new MyClientCredentials(); SetupCertificates(credentials); factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ClientCredentials)); factory.Endpoint.Behaviors.Add(credentials); IMyServiceChannel channel = factory.CreateChannel(); Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world")); channel.Close(); }
Dim serviceEndpoint As New EndpointAddress(New Uri("http://localhost:6060/service")) Dim binding As New CustomBinding() Dim securityBE = SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10) ' Add a custom IdentityVerifier because the service uses two certificates ' (one for signing and one for encryption) and an endpoint identity that ' contains a single identity claim. securityBE.LocalClientSettings.IdentityVerifier = New MyIdentityVerifier() binding.Elements.Add(securityBE) Dim compositeDuplex As New CompositeDuplexBindingElement() compositeDuplex.ClientBaseAddress = New Uri("http://localhost:6061/client") With binding.Elements .Add(compositeDuplex) .Add(New OneWayBindingElement()) .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement()) End With Using factory As New ChannelFactory(Of IMyServiceChannel)(binding, serviceEndpoint) Dim credentials As New MyClientCredentials() SetupCertificates(credentials) With factory.Endpoint.Behaviors .Remove(GetType(ClientCredentials)) .Add(credentials) End With Dim channel = factory.CreateChannel() Console.WriteLine(channel.Hello("world")) channel.Close() End Using
Definire un oggetto IdentityVerifier personalizzato. Il servizio possiede più identità poiché vengono utilizzati certificati diversi per crittografare la richiesta e firmare la risposta.
Nota
Nell'esempio seguente, il verificatore di identità personalizzato non esegue alcun controllo di identità dell'endpoint a scopo dimostrativo. Non è tuttavia una pratica consigliabile per il codice di produzione.
class MyIdentityVerifier : IdentityVerifier { IdentityVerifier defaultVerifier; public MyIdentityVerifier() { this.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault(); } public override bool CheckAccess(EndpointIdentity identity, AuthorizationContext authContext) { // The following implementation is for demonstration only, and // does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity. // Do not use this for production code. return true; } public override bool TryGetIdentity(EndpointAddress reference, out EndpointIdentity identity) { return this.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, out identity); } }
Friend Class MyIdentityVerifier Inherits IdentityVerifier Private defaultVerifier As IdentityVerifier Public Sub New() Me.defaultVerifier = IdentityVerifier.CreateDefault() End Sub Public Overrides Function CheckAccess(ByVal identity As EndpointIdentity, ByVal authContext As AuthorizationContext) As Boolean ' The following implementation is for demonstration only, and ' does not perform any checks regarding EndpointIdentity. ' Do not use this for production code. Return True End Function Public Overrides Function TryGetIdentity(ByVal reference As EndpointAddress, <System.Runtime.InteropServices.Out()> ByRef identity As EndpointIdentity) As Boolean Return Me.defaultVerifier.TryGetIdentity(reference, identity) End Function End Class
Per utilizzare più certificati nel servizio
Creare un'associazione personalizzata. È necessario che l'elemento di associazione di sicurezza operi in modalità duplex per consentire ai provider di token di sicurezza diversi di essere presenti per le richieste e le risposte. Come per il lato client, utilizzare un trasporto con funzionalità duplex o la classe CompositeDuplexBindingElement come illustrato nel codice seguente. Sostituire le credenziali del servizio predefinite con quelle personalizzate create precedentemente.
Uri serviceEndpoint = new Uri("http://localhost:6060/service"); using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(Service), serviceEndpoint)) { CustomBinding binding = new CustomBinding(); binding.Elements.Add(SecurityBindingElement. CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement( MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10)); binding.Elements.Add(new CompositeDuplexBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new OneWayBindingElement()); binding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement()); MyServiceCredentials credentials = new MyServiceCredentials(); SetupCertificates(credentials); host.Description.Behaviors.Remove(typeof(ServiceCredentials)); host.Description.Behaviors.Add(credentials); ServiceEndpoint endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint( typeof(IMyService), binding, ""); host.Open(); Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop..."); Console.ReadLine(); }
Dim serviceEndpoint As New Uri("http://localhost:6060/service") Using host As New ServiceHost(GetType(Service), serviceEndpoint) Dim binding As New CustomBinding() With binding.Elements .Add(SecurityBindingElement.CreateMutualCertificateDuplexBindingElement(MessageSecurityVersion.WSSecurity10WSTrustFebruary2005WSSecureConversationFebruary2005WSSecurityPolicy11BasicSecurityProfile10)) .Add(New CompositeDuplexBindingElement()) .Add(New OneWayBindingElement()) .Add(New HttpTransportBindingElement()) End With Dim credentials As New MyServiceCredentials() SetupCertificates(credentials) With host.Description.Behaviors .Remove(GetType(ServiceCredentials)) .Add(credentials) End With Dim endpoint = host.AddServiceEndpoint(GetType(IMyService), binding, "") host.Open() Console.WriteLine("Service started, press ENTER to stop...") Console.ReadLine() End Using