gmtime, _gmtime32, _gmtime64

Article
04/22/2008

Convert a time value to a structure. More secure versions of these functions are available; see _gmtime_s, _gmtime32_s, _gmtime64_s.

struct tm *gmtime( 
   const time_t *timer 
);
struct tm *_gmtime32( 
   const time32_t *timer 
);
struct tm *_gmtime64( 
   const __time64_t *timer 
);

Parameters

timer
Pointer to stored time. The time is represented as seconds elapsed since midnight (00:00:00), January 1, 1970, coordinated universal time (UTC).

Return Value

Return a pointer to a structure of type tm. The fields of the returned structure hold the evaluated value of the timer argument in UTC rather than in local time. Each of the structure fields is of type int, as follows:

tm_sec
Seconds after minute (0 – 59).
tm_min
Minutes after hour (0 – 59).
tm_hour
Hours since midnight (0 – 23).
tm_mday
Day of month (1 – 31).
tm_mon
Month (0 – 11; January = 0).
tm_year
Year (current year minus 1900).
tm_wday
Day of week (0 – 6; Sunday = 0).
tm_yday
Day of year (0 – 365; January 1 = 0).
tm_isdst
Always 0 for gmtime.

Both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of gmtime, mktime, mkgmtime, and localtimeall use a single tm structure per thread for the conversion. Each call to one of these functions destroys the result of any previous call. If timer represents a date before midnight, January 1, 1970, gmtime returns NULL. There is no error return.

_gmtime64, which uses the __time64_t structure, allows dates to be expressed up through 23:59:59, December 31, 3000, UTC, whereas _gmtime32 only represent dates through 03:14:07 January 19, 2038, UTC. Midnight, January 1, 1970, is the lower bound of the date range for both these functions.

In Visual C++ 2005, gmtime is an inline function which evaluates to _gmtime64 and time_t is equivalent to __time64_t. If you need to force the compiler to interpret time_t as the old 32-bit time_t, you can define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T. Doing this will cause gmtime to be in-lined to _gmtime32. This is not recommended because your application may fail after January 18, 2038, and it is not allowed on 64-bit platforms.

These functions validate their parameter. If timer is a null pointer, or if the timer value is negative, these functions invoke an invalid parameter handler, as described in Parameter Validation. If execution is allowed to continue, the functions return NULL and set errno to EINVAL.

Remarks

The _gmtime32 function breaks down the timer value and stores it in a statically allocated structure of type tm, defined in TIME.H. The value of timer is usually obtained from a call to the time function.

Notes

The target environment should try to determine whether daylight savings time is in effect. The C run-time library assumes the United States rules for implementing the calculation of Daylight Saving Time (DST).

Requirements

Routine	Required header
gmtime	<time.h>
_gmtime32	<time.h>
_gmtime64	<time.h>

For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.

Example

// crt_gmtime.c
// compile with: /W3
// This program uses _gmtime64 to convert a long-
// integer representation of coordinated universal time
// to a structure named newtime, then uses asctime to
// convert this structure to an output string.
 
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )
{
   struct tm *newtime;
   __int64 ltime;
   char buff[80];

   _time64( &ltime );

   // Obtain coordinated universal time:
   newtime = _gmtime64( &ltime ); // C4996
   // Note: _gmtime64 is deprecated; consider using _gmtime64_s
   asctime_s( buff, sizeof(buff), newtime );
   printf( "Coordinated universal time is %s\n", buff );
}

Coordinated universal time is Tue Feb 12 23:11:31 2002

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gmtime, _gmtime32, _gmtime64

Parameters

Return Value

Remarks

Requirements

Example

.NET Framework Equivalent

See Also

Concepts

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