Grammar Validator Error Messages and Format

Grammar Validator outputs a set of error and warning messages relevant to the contents of an input grammar. The tool generates errors for conditions that prevent the grammar from being loaded and used by the Microsoft Speech Platform Runtime 11. Grammar Validator generates warnings for conditions that might cause undesired runtime behavior when the grammar is used. Warnings do not prevent the grammar from being used, but indicate conditions that the grammar author might want to evaluate.

Error messages for errors detected within input files contain the following information:

File name (if applicable)
Line number within the file of the error (if applicable)
Message type: Error, Warning, or Info
Error code (if applicable)
Error description

The following examples demonstrate the types of error and warning messages produced by Grammar Validator. See the next section, Error Types, for further discussion of each error type.

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(57): Error: A rule name was duplicated.

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(83): Warning: Ambiguous Normalization

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml: Error: Problem opening file

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(113): Error: Can't have 'continue' out of loop

Execution continues until all available errors and warnings are identified. If errors are encountered the tool returns EXIT_FAILURE (1). Upon successful completion, with no errors, the tool returns EXIT_SUCCESS (0).

Error Types

Grammar Validator reports the following types of errors.

Tool-specific errors
Speech API (SAPI) errors
JScript syntax errors

Tool-Specific Errors

Grammar Validator will throw an error if it encounters any of the following conditions:

The grammar file specified by the /In option cannot be found, or cannot be opened.
The grammar file specified by the /In option is not properly formed and cannot be compiled.
The grammar file specified by the /In option includes the name of a rule, for example: /In MyGrammar.grxml#MyRule.
The file specified by the /RecoConfig option cannot be found, or cannot be opened.
There is no file specified by the /RecoConfig option and there is no file named "RecoConfig.xml" in the current directory or in the directory that contains GrammarValidator.exe.

Remarks

Grammar Validator will attempt to load external grammars or rules specified by the uri attribute of a ruleref element to validate their contents. If an externally referenced grammar or rule cannot be loaded (for example, it is behind a firewall or the URI cannot be found), then the tool will emit a warning. If an internally referenced grammar or rule cannot be loaded, then the tool will emit an error.

If a referenced grammar defines a root rule and does not have any publicly scoped rules, then a warning will be emitted. Note that the scope for rule elements is private by default in a grammar. Rules must be declared public explicitly, using the optional attribute setting scope=”public”.

Additional warnings include:

A rule that cannot be reached.
Recursion with no outlet (for example, Rule 1 references Rule 2 which references Rule 1).
A GRXML-format grammar file in which the encoding element is NOT specified. This is important if characters (for example, “á”) are found in the grammar that are not UTF-8 format.

You must either specify a recognition engine configuration file using the /RecoConfig option, or create a default configuration file named "RecoConfig.xml" in the current directory (the directory for the command line), or in the directory that contains GrammarValidator.exe. The tool will generate an error if you do not supply it with a configuration file.

SAPI Errors

Grammar Validator produces a subset of SAPI errors that describe incorrect logic or syntax found in a grammar document. The following table lists and describes the SAPI errors produced by Grammar Validator.

Error Name	Hexadecimal	Description
SPERR_UNDEFINED_FORWARD_RULE_REF	0x8004501c	A rule reference in a grammar was made to a named rule that was never defined.
SPERR_EMPTY_RULE	0x8004501d	A non-dynamic grammar rule that has no body.
SPERR_GRAMMAR_COMPILER_INTERNAL_ERROR	0x8004501e	The grammar compiler failed due to an internal state error.
SPERR_RULE_NOT_DYNAMIC	0x8004501f	An attempt was made to modify a non-dynamic rule.
SPERR_DUPLICATE_RULE_NAME	0x80045020	A rule name was duplicated.
SPERR_DUPLICATE_RESOURCE_NAME	0x80045021	A resource name was duplicated for a given rule.
SPERR_TOO_MANY_GRAMMARS	0x80045022	Too many grammars have been loaded.
SPERR_CIRCULAR_REFERENCE	0x80045023	Circular reference in import rules of grammars.
SPERR_INVALID_IMPORT	0x80045024	A rule reference to an imported grammar that could not be resolved.
SPERR_ALL_WORDS_OPTIONAL	0x80045027	A grammar rule was defined with a null path through the rule. That is, it is possible to satisfy the rule conditions with no words. Note This is an old error code, which will not be raised in newer versions of SAPI.
SPERR_RULE_NAME_ID_CONFLICT	0x80045029	A rule exists with matching IDs (names) but different names (IDs).
SPERR_NO_RULES	0x8004502a	A grammar contains no top-level, dynamic, or exported rules. There is no possible way to activate or otherwise use any rule in this grammar.
SPERR_CIRCULAR_RULE_REF	0x8004502b	Rule 'A' refers to a second rule 'B' which, in turn, refers to rule 'A'.
SP_NO_PARSE_FOUND	0x0004502c	Parse path cannot be parsed given the currently active rules.
SPERR_NO_PARSE_FOUND	0x8004502d	Parse path cannot be parsed given the currently active rules.
SPERR_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING	0x80045033	The XML format string for this RULEREF is invalid, e.g. not a GUID or REFCLSID.
SPERR_NO_TERMINATING_RULE_PATH	0x80045036	No Terminating Rule Path.

JScript Syntax Errors

Grammar Validator reports the errors produced as a result of incorrect EcmaScript in tag elements. These errors are shown in the following table.

Error number	Description
1002	Syntax error
1003	Expected ':'
1004	Expected ';'
1005	Expected '('
1006	Expected ')'
1007	Expected ']'
1008	Expected '{'
1009	Expected '}'
1010	Expected identifier
1011	Expected '='
1012	Expected '/'
1014	Invalid character
1015	Unterminated string constant
1016	Unterminated comment
1018	'return' statement outside of function
1019	Can't have 'break' outside of loop
1020	Can't have 'continue' outside of loop
1023	Expected hexadecimal digit
1024	Expected 'while'
1025	Label redefined
1026	Label not found
1027	'default' can only appear once in a 'switch' statement
1028	Expected identifier, string or number
1029	Expected '@end'
1030	Conditional compilation is turned off
1031	Expected constant
1032	Expected '@'
1033	Expected 'catch'
1035	Throw must be followed by an expression on the same source line

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