Introduction to HID over SPI
Learn how to utilize Human Interface Device (HID) class devices over a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). This guide covers the benefits of using SPI for HID devices, including increased bandwidth, low latency, and ease of hardware implementation. Discover how to integrate various HID devices such as keyboards, mice, and sensors using the HID miniport driver provided by Microsoft.
Microsoft created a HID miniport driver that allows devices to communicate over a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus.
SPI offers the following features:
- Faster than I2C – more bandwidth, higher clock rates
- Low latency
- Easy and inexpensive to implement in hardware
- Works well for devices that are integrated into the platform and not removable
This article describes how to use Human Interface Device (HID) class devices over a simple peripheral bus transport, with an immediate focus on SPI. The HID class consists primarily of devices that are used by humans to control the operation of computer systems. Typical examples of HID class devices include:
- Keyboards and pointing devices such as standard mouse devices, trackballs, and joysticks
- Front-panel controls like knobs, switches, buttons, and sliders
- Controls that might be found on devices like telephones, remote controls, games, or simulation devices. For example, data gloves, steering wheels, keypads, and rudder pedals.
- Devices that might not require human interaction but provide data in a similar format to HID class devices, for example, bar-code readers, thermometers, or other forms of sensors
The HID protocol was originally targeted at human interface devices. However, the HID protocol is useful for any application that requires low-latency input-output operations to an external interface and the ability for that device to describe itself. Typical HID class devices include indicators, specialized displays, audio feedback, and force or tactile feedback.
The HID protocol is asymmetric and identifies roles for the host and the device. The protocol defines a format (descriptors) for the device to describe its capabilities to the host. Once the host understands the format of communication with the device, it programs the device for sending data back to the host. The HID protocol also identifies ways of sending data to the device and status checks for identifying the current state of the device.
Class extension
You can add to the functionality of the included HIDSPI Windows driver by using the HIDSPICx class extension. For more information, see the HIDSPICx API.
HID over SPI specification
The full HID over SPI protocol specification is available for download from the Microsoft Download Center.