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Create multi-project templates

  • Artikkeli

Multi-project templates act as containers for two or more Visual Studio projects. When you create a project that's based on a multi-project template, every project in the template is added to the solution.

Note

The templates discussed in this article are the ones used when you create projects in Visual Studio, not the ones that dotnet new creates.

A multi-project template has two or more project templates and a root template of type ProjectGroup.

Multi-project templates behave differently than single project templates. They have the following unique characteristics:

  • Individual projects in a multi-project template cannot be assigned names when the template is used to create a new project. Instead, use the ProjectName attribute on the ProjectTemplateLink element in the vstemplate file to specify a name for each project.

  • Multi-project templates can contain projects for different languages, but the entire template itself can only be put in one category. Specify the template category in the ProjectType element of the vstemplate file.

A multi-project template must include the following items, compressed into a .zip file:

  • A root vstemplate file for the entire multi-project template. This root vstemplate file contains metadata that's displayed in the dialog box where you create a new project. It also specifies where to find the vstemplate files for the projects in the template. This file must be located at the root of the .zip file.

  • Two or more folders that contain the files that are required for a complete project template. The folders include all code files for the project, and also a vstemplate file for the project.

For example, a multi-project template .zip file that has two projects could have the following files and directories:

  • MultiProjectTemplate.vstemplate
  • \Project1\MyTemplate.vstemplate
  • \Project1\Project1.vbproj
  • \Project1\Class.vb
  • \Project2\MyTemplate.vstemplate
  • \Project2\Project2.vbproj
  • \Project2\Class.vb

The root vstemplate file for a multi-project template differs from a single-project template in the following ways:

  • The Type attribute of the VSTemplate element has the value ProjectGroup instead of Project. For example:

    <VSTemplate Version="2.0.0" Type="ProjectGroup"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005">

  • The TemplateContent element contains a ProjectCollection element that has one or more ProjectTemplateLink elements that define the paths to the vstemplate files of the included projects. For example:

    <TemplateContent>
    <ProjectCollection>
        <ProjectTemplateLink>
            Project1\MyTemplate.vstemplate
        </ProjectTemplateLink>
        <ProjectTemplateLink>
            Project2\MyTemplate.vstemplate
        </ProjectTemplateLink>
    </ProjectCollection>
</TemplateContent>

Tip

If you only want the multi-project template to appear in the new project dialog box and not the individual projects it contains, mark the inner templates as hidden. For example:

<VSTemplate Type="Project" ... >
    <TemplateData>
        ...
        <Hidden>true</Hidden>
    </TemplateData>
    ...
</VSTemplate>

Create a multi-project template from an existing solution

  1. Create a solution and add two or more projects.

  2. Customize the projects until they are ready to be exported to a template.

    Tip

    If you're using template parameters and you want to refer to variables from the parent template, prefix the name of the parameter with ext_. For example, $ext_safeprojectname$. Also, set the CopyParameters attribute of the ProjectTemplateLink element to true.

    <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="MyProject" CopyParameters="true">...</ProjectTemplateLink>

  3. On the Project menu, choose Export Template.

    The Export Template Wizard opens.

  4. On the Choose Template Type page, select Project Template. Select one of the projects that you want to export to a template, and then choose Next. (You'll repeat these steps for each project in the solution.)

  5. On the Select Template Options page, enter a name and optional description, icon, and preview image for your template. Choose Finish.

    The project is exported into a .zip file and placed in the specified output location.

    Note

    Each project must be exported to a template separately, so repeat the preceding steps for each project in the solution.

  6. Create a directory for your template, with a subdirectory for each project.

  7. Extract the contents of each project's .zip file into the corresponding subdirectory that you created.

  8. In the base directory, create an XML file with a .vstemplate file extension. This file contains the metadata for the multi-project template. See the example that follows for the structure of the file. Be sure to specify the relative path to each project's vstemplate file.

  9. Select all the files in the base directory, and from the right-click or context menu, choose Send to > Compressed (zipped) folder.

    The files and folders are compressed into a .zip file.

  10. Copy the .zip file into the user project template directory. By default, this directory is %USERPROFILE%\Documents\Visual Studio <version>\Templates\ProjectTemplates.

  11. In Visual Studio, choose File > New > Project and verify that your template appears.

Two-project example

This example shows a basic multi-project root vstemplate file. In this example, the template has two projects, My Windows Application and My Class Library. The ProjectName attribute on the ProjectTemplateLink element specifies the name that is given to the project.

Tip

If the ProjectName attribute is not specified, the name of the vstemplate file is used as the project name.

<VSTemplate Version="2.0.0" Type="ProjectGroup"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005">
    <TemplateData>
        <Name>Multi-Project Template Sample</Name>
        <Description>An example of a multi-project template</Description>
        <Icon>Icon.ico</Icon>
        <ProjectType>VisualBasic</ProjectType>
    </TemplateData>
    <TemplateContent>
        <ProjectCollection>
            <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="My Windows Application">
                WindowsApp\MyTemplate.vstemplate
            </ProjectTemplateLink>
            <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="My Class Library">
                ClassLib\MyTemplate.vstemplate
            </ProjectTemplateLink>
        </ProjectCollection>
    </TemplateContent>
</VSTemplate>

Example with solution folders

This example uses the SolutionFolder element to divide the projects into two groups, Math Classes and Graphics Classes. The template has four projects, two of which are placed in each solution folder.

<VSTemplate Version="2.0.0" Type="ProjectGroup"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005">
    <TemplateData>
        <Name>Multi-Project Template Sample</Name>
        <Description>An example of a multi-project template</Description>
        <Icon>Icon.ico</Icon>
        <ProjectType>VisualBasic</ProjectType>
    </TemplateData>
    <TemplateContent>
        <ProjectCollection>
            <SolutionFolder Name="Math Classes">
                <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="MathClassLib1">
                    MathClassLib1\MyTemplate.vstemplate
                </ProjectTemplateLink>
                <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="MathClassLib2">
                    MathClassLib2\MyTemplate.vstemplate
                </ProjectTemplateLink>
            </SolutionFolder>
            <SolutionFolder Name="Graphics Classes">
                <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="GraphicsClassLib1">
                    GraphicsClassLib1\MyTemplate.vstemplate
                </ProjectTemplateLink>
                <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="GraphicsClassLib2">
                    GraphicsClassLib2\MyTemplate.vstemplate
                </ProjectTemplateLink>
            </SolutionFolder>
        </ProjectCollection>
    </TemplateContent>
</VSTemplate>

Example with project references

This example shows how to add project references to a multi-project template and is essentially an extension of the multi-project template example.

In this example the solution contains two projects, MultiProject.Client and MultiProject.Shared. The project MultiProject.Client references MultiProject.Shared.

The folder structure is as follows:

  • MultiProjectTemplate.vstemplate
  • \MultiProject.Client\MultiProject.Client.csproj
  • \MultiProject.Client\MyTemplate.vstemplate
  • \MultiProject.Shared\MultiProject.Shared.csproj
  • \MultiProject.Shared\MyTemplate.vstemplate

When the template is used the MultiProject part is being replaced with the project name the user enters.

The MultiProjectTemplate.vstemplate looks like the following. Please note that the ProjectTemplateLinks have the attribute CopyParameters set to true and that the ProjectName attributes use the template variable $safeprojectname$.

<VSTemplate Version="2.0.0" Type="ProjectGroup"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005">
...
<TemplateContent>
    <ProjectCollection>
        <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="$safeprojectname$.Client" CopyParameters="true">
            MultiProject.Client\MyTemplate.vstemplate
        </ProjectTemplateLink>
        <ProjectTemplateLink ProjectName="$safeprojectname$.Shared" CopyParameters="true">
            MultiProject.Shared\MyTemplate.vstemplate
        </ProjectTemplateLink>
    </ProjectCollection>
</TemplateContent>
</VSTemplate>

The MultiProject.Client\MyTemplate.vstemplate might look something like the following. Please note that the Project tag has the attribute ReplaceParameters set to true.

<VSTemplate Version="3.0.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vstemplate/2005" Type="Project">
	...
	<TemplateContent>
		<Project TargetFileName="MultiProject.Client.csproj" File="MultiProject.Client.csproj" ReplaceParameters="true">
            ...
		</Project>
	</TemplateContent>
</VSTemplate>

The MultiProject.Client\MultiProject.Client.csproj might look something like the following. Please note that the attribute Include of the ProjectReference uses the template variable $ext_safeprojectname$

<Project>
    ...
	<ItemGroup>
	  <ProjectReference Include="..\$ext_safeprojectname$.Shared\$ext_safeprojectname$.Shared.csproj" />
	</ItemGroup>
</Project>

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