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Prepare machines in workgroups and untrusted domains for backup

  • Artikkeli

System Center Data Protection Manager (DPM) can protect computers that are in untrusted domains or workgroups. You can authenticate these computers using a local user account (NTLM authentication) or using certificates. For both types of authentication, you'll need to prepare the infrastructure before you can set up a protection group that contains the sources you want to back up.

  1. Install a certificate - If you want to use certificate authentication, install a certificate on the DPM server and on the computer you want to protect.

  2. Install the agent - Install the agent on the computer you want to protect.

  3. Recognize the DPM server - Configure the computer to recognize the DPM server for performing backups. To do this, you'll run the SetDPMServer command.

  4. Attach the computer - Lastly you'll need to attach the protected computer to the DPM server.

Before you start

Before you start, check the supported protection scenarios and required network settings.

Supported scenarios

Workload Type Protected Server State and Support
Files Workgroup: Supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported

NTLM and certificate authentication for single server. Certificate authentication only for cluster.
System State Workgroup: Supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported

NTLM authentication only
SQL Server Workgroup: Supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported

Mirroring not supported.

NTLM and certificate authentication for single server. Certificate authentication only for cluster.
Hyper-V server Workgroup: Supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported

NTLM and certificate authentication
Hyper-V cluster Workgroup: Not supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported (certificate authentication only)
Exchange Server Workgroup: Not applicable

Untrusted Domain: Supported for single server only. Cluster not supported. CCR, SCR, DAG not supported. LCR supported.

NTLM authentication only
Secondary DPM server (For backup of primary DPM server)

Note that both Primary and Secondary DPM Servers are in same or two-way forest transitive trusted domain.		 Workgroup: Supported

Untrusted Domain: Supported

Certificate authentication only
SharePoint Workgroup: Not supported

Untrusted Domain: Not supported
Client computers Workgroup: Not supported

Untrusted Domain: Not supported
Bare metal recovery (BMR) Workgroup: Not supported

Untrusted Domain: Not supported
End-user recovery Workgroup: Not supported

Untrusted Domain: Not supported

Network settings

Settings Computer in workgroup or untrusted domain
Control data Protocol: DCOM

Default port: 135

Authentication: NTLM/certificate
File transfer Protocol: Winsock

Default port: 5718 and 5719

Authentication: NTLM/certificate
DPM account requirements Local account without admin rights on DPM server. Uses NTLM v2 communication
Certificate requirements
Agent installation Agent installed on protected computer
Perimeter network Perimeter network protection not supported.
IPSEC Ensure IPSEC doesn't block communications.

Back up using NTLM authentication

Here's what you'll need to do:

  1. Install the agent - Install the agent on the computer you want to protect.

  2. Configure the agent - Configure the computer to recognize the DPM server for performing backups. To do this, you'll run the SetDPMServer command.

  3. Attach the computer - Lastly, you'll need to attach the protected computer to the DPM server.

Install and configure the agent

  1. On the computer you want to protect, run DPMAgentInstaller_X64.exe from the DPM installation CD to install the agent.

  2. Configure the agent by running SetDpmServer as follows:

    SetDpmServer.exe -dpmServerName <serverName> -isNonDomainServer -userName <userName> [-productionServerDnsSuffix <DnsSuffix>]

  3. Specify the parameters as follows:

    • -DpmServerName - Specify the name of the DPM server. Use either an FQDN if the server and computer are accessible to each other using FQDNs or a NETBIOS name.

    • -IsNonDomainServer - Use to indicate that the server is in a workgroup or untrusted domain in relation to the computer you want to protect. Firewall exceptions are created for required ports.

    • -UserName - Specify the name of the account you want to use for NTLM authentication. To use this option, you should have the -isNonDomainServer flag specified. A local user account will be created and the DPM protection agent will be configured to use this account for authentication.

    • -ProductionServerDnsSuffix - Use this switch if the server has multiple DNS suffixes configured. This switch represents the DNS suffix that the server uses to connect to the computer you're protecting.

  4. When the command completes successfully, open the DPM console.

Update the password

If at any point you want to update the password for the NTLM credentials, run the following on the protected computer:

SetDpmServer.exe -dpmServerName <serverName> -isNonDomainServer -updatePassword

You'll need to use the same naming convention (FQDN or NETBIOS) that you used when you configured protection. On the DPM server, you'll need to run the Update -NonDomainServerInfo PowerShell cmdlet. Then you'll need to refresh the agent information for the protected computer.

NetBIOS example: Protected computer: SetDpmServer.exe -dpmServerName Server01 -isNonDomainServer -UpdatePassword DPM server: Update-NonDomainServerInfo -PSName Finance01 -dpmServerName Server01

FQDN example: Protected computer: SetDpmServer.exe -dpmServerName Server01.corp.contoso.com -isNonDomainServer -UpdatePassword DPM server: Update-NonDomainServerInfo -PSName Finance01.worlwideimporters.com -dpmServerName Server01.contoso.com

Attach the computer

  1. In the DPM console, run the Protection Agent Installation wizard.

  2. In Select agent deployment method, select Attach agents.

  3. Enter the computer name, user name, and password for the computer you want to attach to. These should be the credentials you specified when you installed the agent.

  4. Review the Summary page, and select Attach.

You can optionally run the Windows PowerShell Attach-NonDomainServer.ps1 command instead of running the wizard. To do this, take a look at the example in the next section.

Examples

Example 1

Example to configure a workgroup computer after the agent is installed:

  1. On the computer, run SetDpmServer.exe -DpmServerName Server01 -isNonDomainServer -UserName mark.

  2. On the DPM server, run Attach-NonDomainServer.ps1 -DpmServername Server01 -PSName Finance01 -Username mark.

Because the workgroup computers are typically accessible only by using NetBIOS name, the value for DPMServerName must be the NetBIOS name.

Example 2

Example to configure a workgroup computer with conflicting NetBIOS names after the agent is installed.

  1. On the workgroup computer, run SetDpmServer.exe -dpmServerName Server01.corp.contoso.com -isNonDomainServer -userName mark -productionServerDnsSuffix widgets.corp.com.

  2. On the DPM server, run Attach-NonDomainServer.ps1 -DPMServername Server01.corp.contoso.com -PSName Finance01.widgets.corp.com -Username mark.

Back up using certificate authentication

Here's how to set up protection with certificate authentication.

  • Each computer you want to protect should have at least .NET Framework 3.5 with SP1 installed.

  • The certificate you use for authentication must comply with the following:

    • X.509 V3 certificate.

    • Enhanced Key Usage (EKU) should have client authentication and server authentication.

    • Key length should be at least 1024 bits.

    • Key type should be exchange.

    • The subject name of the certificate and the root certificate shouldn't be empty.

    • The revocation servers of the associated Certificate Authorities are online and accessible by both the protected server and DPM server

    • The certificate should have associated private key.

    • DPM doesn't support certificates with CNG Keys.

    • DPM doesn't support self-signed certificates.

  • Each computer you want to protect (including virtual machines) must have its own certificate.

Set up protection

  1. Create a DPM certificate template

  2. Configure a certificate on the DPM server

  3. Install the agent

  4. Configure a certificate on the protected computer

  5. Attach the computer

Create a DPM certificate template

You can optionally set up a DPM template for web enrollment. If you do want to do this, select a template that has Client Authentication and Server Authentication as its intended purpose. For example:

  1. In the Certificate Templates MMC snap-in, you could select the RAS and IAS Server template. Right-click it and select Duplicate Template.

  2. In Duplicate Template, leave the default setting Windows Server 2003 Enterprise.

  3. In the General tab, change the template display name to something recognizable. For example, DPM Authentication. Ensure that the setting Publish certificate in Active Directory is enabled.

  4. In the Request Handling tab, ensure that Allow private key to be exported is enabled.

  5. After you've created the template, make it available for use. Open the Certificate Authority snap-in. Right-click Certificate Templates, select New, and choose Certificate Template to Issue. In Enable Certificate Template, select the template and select OK. Now the template will be available when you obtain a certificate.

Enable enrollment or autoenrollment

If you want to optionally configure the template for enrollment or autoenrollment, select the Subject Name tab in the template properties. When you configure enrollment, the template can be selected in the MMC. If you configure autoenrollment, the certificate is automatically assigned to all computers in the domain.

  • For enrollment, in the Subject Name tab of the template properties, enable Select Build from this Active Directory information. In Subject name format, select Common Name and enable DNS name. Then go to the Security tab and assign the Enroll permission to authenticated users.

  • For autoenrollment, go to the Security tab and assign the Autoenroll permission to authenticated users. With this setting enabled, the certificate will be automatically assigned to all the computers in the domain.

  • If you've configured enrollment, you'll be able to request a new certificate in the MMC based on the template. To do this, on the protected computer, in Certificates (Local Computer) > Personal, right-click Certificates. Select All Tasks > Request New Certificate. In the Select Certificate Enrollment Policy page of the wizard, select Active Directory Enrollment Policy. In Request Certificates, you'll see the template. Expand Details and select Properties. Select the General tab and provide a friendly name. After you apply the settings, you should receive a message that the certificate was installed successfully.

Configure a certificate on the DPM server

  1. Generate a certificate from a CA for the DPM server via web enrollment or some other method. In web enrollment, select advanced certificate required and Create and Submit a request to this CA. Ensure that the key size is 1024 or higher, and that Mark key as exportable is selected.

  2. The certificate is placed in the User store. You need to move it to the Local Computer store.

  3. To do this, export the certificate from the User store. Ensure that you export it with the private key. You can export it in the default .pfx format. Specify a password for the export.

  4. In Local Computer\Personal\Certificate, run the Certificate Import Wizard to import the exported file from its saved location. Specify the password you used to export it and ensure that Mark this key as exportable is selected. On the Certificate Store page, leave the default setting Place all certificates in the following store and ensure that Personal is displayed.

  5. After the import, set the DPM credentials to use the certificate as follows:

    1. Obtain the thumbprint for the certificate. In the Certificates store, double-click on the certificate. Select the Details tab, and scroll down to the thumbprint. Select it, and then highlight and copy it. Paste the thumbprint into Notepad and remove any spaces.

    2. Run Set-DPMCredentials to configure the DPM server:

      Set-DPMCredentials [-DPMServerName <String>] [-Type <AuthenticationType>] [Action <Action>] [-OutputFilePath <String>] [-Thumbprint <String>] [-AuthCAThumbprint <String>]

    • -Type - Indicates the type of authentication. Value: certificate.

    • -Action - Specify whether you want to perform the command for the first time or regenerate the credentials. Possible values: regenerate or configure.

    • -OutputFilePath - Location of the output file used in Set-DPMServer on the protected computer.

    • -Thumbprint - Copy from the Notepad file.

    • -AuthCAThumbprint - Thumbprint of the CA in the trust chain of the certificate. Optional. If not specified, Root will be used.

  6. This generates a metadata file (.bin) that is required at the time of each agent install in untrusted domain. Ensure that the C:\Temp folder exists before you run the command.

    Note

    If the file is lost or deleted, you can recreate it by running the script with the -action regenerate option.

  7. Retrieve the .bin file and copy it to the C:\Program Files\Microsoft Data Protection Manager\DPM\bin folder on the computer you want to protect. You don't have to do this, but if you don't you'll need to specify the full path of the file for the -DPMcredential parameter when you

  8. Repeat these steps on every DPM server that will protect a computer in a workgroup or in an untrusted domain.

Install the agent

  1. On each computer you want to protect, run DPMAgentInstaller_X64.exe from the DPM installation CD to install the agent.

Configure a certificate on the protected computer

  1. Generate a certificate from a CA for the protected computer, via web enrollment or some other method. In web enrollment, select advanced certificate required and Create and Submit a request to this CA. Ensure that the key size is 1024 or higher and that Mark key as exportable is selected.

  2. The certificate is placed in the User store. You need to move it to the Local Computer store.

  3. To do this, export the certificate from the User store. Ensure that you export it with the private key. You can export it in the default .pfx format. Specify a password for the export.

  4. In Local Computer\Personal\Certificate, run the Certificate Import Wizard to import the exported file from its saved location. Specify the password you used to export it and ensure that Mark this key as exportable is selected. On the Certificate Store page, leave the default setting Place all certificates in the following store and ensure that Personal is displayed.

  5. After the import, configure the computer to recognize the DPM server as authorized to perform backups as follows:

    1. Obtain the thumbprint for the certificate. In the Certificates store, double-click on the certificate. Select the Details tab, and scroll down to the thumbprint. Select it, and highlight and copy it. Paste the thumbprint into Notepad and remove any spaces.

    2. Navigate to the C:\Program files\Microsoft Data Protection Manager\DPM\bin folder, and run setdpmserver as follows:

      setdpmserver -dpmCredential CertificateConfiguration_DPM01.contoso.com.bin -OutputFilePath c:\Temp -Thumbprint <ClientThumbprintWithNoSpaces

      Where ClientThumbprintWithNoSpaces is copied from the Notepad file.

    3. You should get the output to confirm that the configuration was completed successfully.

  6. Retrieve the .bin file and copy it to the DPM server. We suggest you copy it to the default location in which the Attach process will check for the file (Windows\System32) so that you can just specify the file name instead of the full path when you run the Attach command.

Attach the computer

You attach the computer to the DPM server using the Attach-ProductionServerWithCertificate.ps1 PowerShell script, using the syntax.

Attach-ProductionServerWithCertificate.ps1 [-DPMServerName <String>] [-PSCredential <String>] [<CommonParameters>]

  • -DPMServerName-Name of the DPM server

  • PSCredential-Name of the .bin file. If you placed it in the Windows\System32 folder, you can specify the file name only. Ensure that you specify the .bin file created on the protected server. If you specify the .bin file created on the DPM server, you'll remove all the protected computers that are configured for certificate-based authentication.

After the attach process completes, the protected computer should appear in the DPM console.

Examples

Example 1

Generates a file in c:\\CertMetaData\\ with name CertificateConfiguration\_<DPM SERVER FQDN>.bin

Set-DPMCredentials -DPMServerName dpmserver.contoso.com -Type Certificate -Action Configure -OutputFilePath c:\CertMetaData\ -Thumbprint "cf822d9ba1c801ef40d4b31de0cfcb200a8a2496"

Where dpmserver.contoso.com is the name of the DPM server, and "cf822d9ba1c801ef40d4b31de0cfcb200a8a2496" is the thumbprint of the DPM server certificate.

Example 2

Regenerates a lost configuration file in the folder c:\CertMetaData\

Set-DPMCredentials -DPMServerName dpmserver.contoso.com -Type Certificate "-OutputFilePath c:\CertMetaData\ -Action Regenerate

Switch between NTLM and Certificate authentication

Note

  • The following clustered workloads only support Certificate authentication when deployed in untrusted domain:
    • Clustered File server
    • Clustered SQL server
    • Hyper-V cluster
  • If the DPM agent is currently configured to use NTLM on a cluster or was originally configured to use NTLM but later switched to Certificate authentication without first removing the DPM agent, then enumeration of the cluster will not show any resources to protect.

To switch from NTLM authentication to certificate authentication, use the following steps to reconfigure the DPM agent:

  1. On the DPM server, remove all the nodes of the cluster using the Remove-ProductionServer.ps1 PowerShell script.
  2. Uninstall the DPM agent on all the nodes, and delete the agent folder from C:\Program Files\Microsoft Data Protection Manager.
  3. Follow the steps in back up using certificate authentication.
  4. Once the agents are deployed and configured for certificate authentication, verify that the agent refresh works, and it correctly shows (untrusted - Certificates) for each of the nodes.
  5. Refresh the nodes/cluster to get a list of data sources to protect; retry protecting the clustered resource(s).
  6. Add the workload to protect and finish the Protection group Wizard.