sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups (Transact-SQL)

Applies to: Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)

Provides clustered columnstore index information on a per-segment basis to help the administrator make system management decisions in Azure Synapse Analytics. sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups has a column for the total number of rows physically stored (including those marked as deleted) and a column for the number of rows marked as deleted. Use sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups to determine which row groups have a high percentage of deleted rows and should be rebuilt.

Column name	Data type	Description
object_id	int	ID of the underlying table. This is the physical table on the Compute node, not the object_id for the logical table on the Control node. For example, object_id does not match with the object_id in sys.tables. To join with sys.tables, use sys.pdw_index_mappings.
index_id	int	ID of the clustered columnstore index on object_id table.
partition_number	int	ID of the table partition that holds row group row_group_id. You can use partition_number to join this DMV to sys.partitions.
row_group_id	int	ID of this row group. This is unique within the partition.
delta_store_hobt_id	bigint	The hobt_id for delta row groups, or NULL if the row group type is not delta. A delta row group is a read/write row group that is accepting new records. A delta row group has the OPEN status. A delta row group is still in rowstore format and has not been compressed to columnstore format.
state	tinyint	ID number associated with the state_description. 1 = OPEN 2 = CLOSED 3 = COMPRESSED
state_description	nvarchar(60)	Description of the persistent state of the row group: OPEN - A read/write row group that is accepting new records. An open row group is still in rowstore format and has not been compressed to columnstore format. CLOSED - A row group that has been filled, but not yet compressed by the tuple mover process. COMPRESSED - A row group that has filled and compressed.
total_rows	bigint	Total rows physically stored in the row group. Some may have been deleted but they are still stored. The maximum number of rows in a row group is 1,048,576 (hexadecimal FFFFF).
deleted_rows	bigint	Number of rows physically stored in the row group that are marked for deletion. Always 0 for DELTA row groups.
size_in_bytes	int	Combined size, in bytes, of all the pages in this row group. This size does not include the size required to store metadata or shared dictionaries.
pdw_node_id	int	Unique ID of a Azure Synapse Analytics node.
distribution_id	int	Unique ID of the distribution.

Remarks

Returns one row for each columnstore row group for each table having a clustered or nonclustered columnstore index.

Use sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups to determine the number of rows included in the row group and the size of the row group.

When the number of deleted rows in a row group grows to a large percentage of the total rows, the table becomes less efficient. Rebuild the columnstore index to reduce the size of the table, reducing the disk I/O required to read the table. To rebuild the columnstore index use the REBUILD option of the ALTER INDEX statement.

The updateable columnstore first inserts new data into an OPEN rowgroup, which is in rowstore format, and is also sometimes referred to as a delta table. Once an open rowgroup is full, its state changes to CLOSED. A closed rowgroup is compressed into columnstore format by the tuple mover and the state changes to COMPRESSED. The tuple mover is a background process that periodically wakes up and checks whether there are any closed rowgroups that are ready to compress into a columnstore rowgroup. The tuple mover also deallocates any rowgroups in which every row has been deleted. Deallocated rowgroups are marked as RETIRED. To run tuple mover immediately, use the REORGANIZE option of the ALTER INDEX statement.

When a columnstore row group has filled, it is compressed, and stops accepting new rows. When rows are deleted from a compressed group, they remain but are marked as deleted. Updates to a compressed group are implemented as a delete from the compressed group, and an insert to an open group.

Permissions

Requires VIEW SERVER STATE permission.

Examples: Azure Synapse Analytics and Analytics Platform System (PDW)

The following example joins the sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups table to other system tables to return information about specific tables. The calculated PercentFull column is an estimate of the efficiency of the row group. To find information on a single table remove the comment hyphens in front of the WHERE clause and provide a table name.

SELECT IndexMap.object_id,   
  object_name(IndexMap.object_id) AS LogicalTableName,   
  i.name AS LogicalIndexName, IndexMap.index_id, NI.type_desc,   
  IndexMap.physical_name AS PhyIndexNameFromIMap,   
  CSRowGroups.*,  
  100*(ISNULL(deleted_rows,0))/total_rows AS PercentDeletedRows   
FROM sys.tables AS t  
JOIN sys.indexes AS i  
    ON t.object_id = i.object_id  
JOIN sys.pdw_index_mappings AS IndexMap  
    ON i.object_id = IndexMap.object_id  
    AND i.index_id = IndexMap.index_id  
JOIN sys.pdw_nodes_indexes AS NI  
    ON IndexMap.physical_name = NI.name  
    AND IndexMap.index_id = NI.index_id  
JOIN sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups AS CSRowGroups  
    ON CSRowGroups.object_id = NI.object_id   
    AND CSRowGroups.pdw_node_id = NI.pdw_node_id  
    AND CSRowGroups.distribution_id = NI.distribution_id
    AND CSRowGroups.index_id = NI.index_id      
WHERE total_rows > 0
--WHERE t.name = '<table_name>'   
ORDER BY object_name(i.object_id), i.name, IndexMap.physical_name, pdw_node_id;  

The following Azure Synapse Analytics example counts the rows per partition for clustered column stores as well as how many rows are in Open, Closed, or Compressed Row groups:

SELECT
    s.name AS [Schema Name]
    ,t.name AS [Table Name]
    ,rg.partition_number AS [Partition Number]
    ,SUM(rg.total_rows) AS [Total Rows]
    ,SUM(CASE WHEN rg.State = 1 THEN rg.Total_rows Else 0 END) AS [Rows in OPEN Row Groups]
    ,SUM(CASE WHEN rg.State = 2 THEN rg.Total_Rows ELSE 0 END) AS [Rows in Closed Row Groups]
    ,SUM(CASE WHEN rg.State = 3 THEN rg.Total_Rows ELSE 0 END) AS [Rows in COMPRESSED Row Groups]
FROM sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_row_groups rg
  JOIN sys.pdw_nodes_tables pt
    ON rg.object_id = pt.object_id
    AND rg.pdw_node_id = pt.pdw_node_id
    AND pt.distribution_id = rg.distribution_id
  JOIN sys.pdw_table_mappings tm
    ON pt.name = tm.physical_name
  INNER JOIN sys.tables t
    ON tm.object_id = t.object_id
  INNER JOIN sys.schemas s
    ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
GROUP BY s.name, t.name, rg.partition_number
ORDER BY 1, 2

See Also

Azure Synapse Analytics and Parallel Data Warehouse Catalog Views
CREATE COLUMNSTORE INDEX (Transact-SQL)
sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_segments (Transact-SQL)
sys.pdw_nodes_column_store_dictionaries (Transact-SQL)