Standard Database Access Architectures
In looking at the database access components described in the preceding section, it turns out that two of them - programming interfaces and data stream protocols - are good candidates for standardization. The other two components - IPC mechanism and network protocols - not only reside at too low a level but they are both highly dependent on the network and operating system. There is also a third approach - gateways - that provides possibilities for standardization.
This section contains the following topics.